of the dissertation thesis Ondřej Srba History and Oral tradition of Altain Uriankhais The object of this dissertation thesis is the Western Mongolian ethnic subgroup of Altain Uriankhais and its subject is their oral tradition as a source of history. The objective of the work is a structured description of the living oral tradition concerning the history of Altain Uriankhais based on my own fieldwork. The processing of the recorded oral tradition includes a partial transcription and translation of the recordings and an attempt to systematically describe the content of the oral tradition, its formal features and the meaning for the tradition bearers. As a main criterium to describe the content of the oral tradition I chose personalities of the local history, secondarily genealogies and the issue of migrations. On the example of partial case studies, I assess the information provided by the oral tradition in comparison with preserved archive sources. Keywords: Altain Uriankhais, Oirats, oral tradition, oral history, Mongolian studies

本論文共分七章十六節，全篇計十二萬餘言。第一章「緒論」申明本論文研究的對象、目的及方法。第二章「朝鮮時代蒙古學的演變」分為三節；第一節略述朝鮮時代譯學的發展過程；第二節敘述朝鮮時代蒙古學的設立與變遷過程；第三節探討朝鮮時代有關蒙古學的書籍概況。第三章「《蒙語老乞大》的相關問題」分為三節；第一節探察《蒙語老乞大》的版本及刊行年代；第二節探討《蒙語老乞大》的書名來源、諸學者對該書的看法，並提出筆者的看法；第三節略述關於該書的研究概況。第四章「《蒙語老乞大》中蒙古語的詞法考察」分為三節；第一節略述本章探討的範圍及詞法概念；第二節比較分析名詞的變格；第三節比較分析動詞的詞形變化。第五章「《蒙語老乞大》中蒙古語的句法考察」分為四節；第一節略述本章探討的範圍及句法概念；第二節探討《蒙語老乞大》中出現的句子成分；第三節討論不同句子類型中的疑問句；第四節歸納《蒙語老乞大》中出現的句子結構。第六章「《蒙語老乞大》中蒙古語的語音考察」分為三節；第一節略述蒙古語的語音變遷過程及特色；第二節探討《蒙語老乞大》中出現的母音特徵；第三節探討該書中出現的子音特徵。第七章「結論」總結本論文的研究成果，並加以評述。

Anotation This thesis has been elaborated on the basis of research of the first Czechoslovak-Mongolian expedition, the pioneer and solitary foreign project of Czech archaeology, unsurpassed up to now. The current work attempted to enclose the research in honour of PhDr. Lumír Jisl and his unfinished but extremely valuable project, whose results are to be presented here, The following text is based mostly on materials collected from archives and depositories both in Czech Republic and Mongolia and available results of present Turkological studies. Regarding current state of researches the aim of this work is rather to formulate fundamental questions based on the research results, suggest some possible partial solutions and open space for further investigations than to proclaim some fixed statements.

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Subject of this paper is a mongolian novel called The Shaman's Story wrote by G. Ayurzana. After an introduction of the history of modern mongolian literature and a short description of the autor's life comes the first chapter about the way the shamanism of Buryats is described in the novel. By comparing parts of the novel and secondary literature I am trying to find, whether and if yes, to what amount is the novel's description close to actual reality. In the next chapter is explained the author's writing style, the structure of the novel and its dynamics. The enclosure includes original and translated transcription of an e-mail corespondation with the author and a czech translation of most of the legends that appear in the novel.

Se Enkhbayar (b. 1956) is one of the most important contemporary Mongolian composers in China. His choral tone poem, Önchin Botog, integrates the traditional Mongolian musical elements Urtiin Duu (long song) and Khöömii (throat singing) with modern choral music and is one of the most representative works in the genre of modern Mongolian choral music. The purpose of this study is to provide a performance guidance for non-Mongolian musicians on Se Enkhbayar's work, Önchin Botog, by presenting his biographical and cultural backgrounds, discussing the use of traditional Mongolian singing styles, special rhythmic patterns (horse-step rhythm) and Chinese pentatonic scales. For conductors, this guide can shorten preparation time by providing musical analysis for artistic interpretation and practical points for sound effect creation. For solo singers, this guide will enable a Bel Canto singer to sing Urtiin Duu in Mongolian singing style. For Khöömii singers, this guide provides supplementary practical suggestions.

The aim of this thesis is to create an ethnolinguistic analysis of two corpuses of Mongolian riddles (Lovor and Ölziikhutag 1990 and Ölziikhutag 2013). The work contains over one hundred riddles appended with translations and morpheme-to-morpheme glosses. The riddles are further analyzed on a phonetic level, including descriptions of specific sound patterns and alliterations, as well as their lexical and semantic properties. This complex analysis, in conjunction with findings gained in field research, renders possible the description of a specific language of Mongolian riddles, characterized by the frequent occurrence of borrowings, the presence of semantically and phonetically 'damaged' words, ideophones, metaphors and many specific cultural expressions. The language of Mongolian riddles also often skilfully exploits overt abstractions, allusions, and lexical and morphological ambiguities, in addition to other techniques which facilitate conceptual mapping and cognitive blending. This linguistic analysis makes possible a description of the various aspects of the worldview of Mongolian nomads concealed in these riddles, including the characteristic linking of the 'sacred and profane,' as well as the relationship of these riddles to mythology and religious ideas.

Quelles sont les voies par lesquelles les changements sociaux affectent les identités collectives et de quelle manière une nouvelle identité vient à être adoptée par une population. Les grandes transformations qui eurent lieu en Mongolie du 19e siècle à la moitié du 20e siècle seront abordées pour tenter de répondre à ces questions. Dans un court laps de temps, cette région passa par trois systèmes politiques différents; d'une partie semi-autonome du territoire de l'empire Qing à une théocratie bouddhiste puis à une République populaire. Dans chacun des cas, les contextes sociaux ayant provoqué des changements dans la définition identitaire seront abordés ainsi que la forme par laquelle les nouveaux concepts d'identité collective allaient être sélectionnés, modifiés ou construits. / Great social transformations took place in Mongolia from the 19th to the first half of the 20th century where the region changed in a very short amount of time from being a semiautonomous part of the Qing empire to being a theocratic Buddhist state, to finally becoming a People's republic. This thesis illustrates the ways in which social changes have affected the collective identities and how these came to be adopted by the population. In each of these cases, the social context which brought changes in the definition of identity are analyzed as well as the nature from which the new collective concepts are selected, modified or constructed.

Quelles sont les voies par lesquelles les changements sociaux affectent les identités collectives et de quelle manière une nouvelle identité vient à être adoptée par une population. Les grandes transformations qui eurent lieu en Mongolie du 19e siècle à la moitié du 20e siècle seront abordées pour tenter de répondre à ces questions. Dans un court laps de temps, cette région passa par trois systèmes politiques différents; d'une partie semi-autonome du territoire de l'empire Qing à une théocratie bouddhiste puis à une République populaire. Dans chacun des cas, les contextes sociaux ayant provoqué des changements dans la définition identitaire seront abordés ainsi que la forme par laquelle les nouveaux concepts d'identité collective allaient être sélectionnés, modifiés ou construits. / Great social transformations took place in Mongolia from the 19th to the first half of the 20th century where the region changed in a very short amount of time from being a semiautonomous part of the Qing empire to being a theocratic Buddhist state, to finally becoming a People's republic. This thesis illustrates the ways in which social changes have affected the collective identities and how these came to be adopted by the population. In each of these cases, the social context which brought changes in the definition of identity are analyzed as well as the nature from which the new collective concepts are selected, modified or constructed.

This article combines Aoki’s institutional complementarity concept with actor-centered institutional analysis of action situations to study herder behavior and institutional change in a complex pastoral social–ecological system. Transformation of the Mongolian Steppe Ecosystem in the face of climate and social change has led to a decline in pastoral mobility, which in turn is making the ecosystem less sustainable. Responding to this concern, Mongolian policymakers have designed pasture use and conservation policies. We evaluate whether the enacted policies are complementary to herders’ strategic choices. First, we reconstruct institutional choices herders make in the commons domain, where herders interact to use common pastures. Second, we track this process in the political economy domain, where pasture users support or resist government policies. Finally, we evaluate the complementarity of the strategic choices and resulting institutions in the interdependent action situations of both domains. In combination with game-theoretic model building, we have employed the process tracing method during field research in Mongolia. We have not identified any evident, stable institutional complementarity between high pastoral mobility and support for a policy of leasing and certification of land for winter and spring camps. Conversely, our findings do suggest that policies for establishing pasture user groups and pasture use planning can be effective. A critical mass of herders choosing to comply with these policies and engage in pastoral mobility will be crucial for sustaining the ecosystem. This will strengthen conditions for institutional complementarity and create a new institutional arrangement overall.