Debugging applications that are running in embedded systems is becoming harder and harder due to the growing complexity of the systems. This is especially true for embedded systems that are developed for the automotive market. To aid the debugging there are tools called debuggers. Historically, debuggers have been implemented by using a debug port to connect a software debugger running at the developer machine to dedicated on-chip debugging hardware. The problem with this approach is that it is expensive and that it is not possible to use it if the debug port on the system is not available.Therefore there is a demand for user-friendly debuggers that are not as expensive and require no extra hardware. This report presents alternatives to debugging embedded systems. From these alternatives a completely software based debugger solution called monitor-based debugging is selected and acts as a foundation for an implementation that is described in the report. The implementation uses GNU Debugger (GDB) and its remote debugging capabilities to perform debugging. The implemented debugger is evaluated by using it to debug applications that are running in a powertrain control unit in a modern truck. It is also compared to two commercial hardware based debuggers. In the evaluation it is found that the debugger functionalities and user-friendliness are on par with the commercial alternatives, but that it lacks some in its non-intrusive capabilities when comparing it with the high-end alternatives on the market.

My scientific essay is about how I as a recreational activities teacher deals with failure in my profession and how that approach affects the students. I takes its starting point in a self-perceived tale where I act as recess monitor. Suddenly I realize that a colleague and I are the only ones outside during recess with hundreds of students. The students will meet an educator who is unconcerned, stressed and irritable instead of the engaged recess monitor they are used to. I feel like a failure in my mission as a recess monitor and begins to question my professional identity. I try to find someone to blame but realize that the feeling of failure also depends on that I have a hard time accepting my own lack of skills. My questions at issue are, how can a recreational teacher relate to failure in the profession? And, how are the students affected by the pedagogue’s approach to failure? The method I have used is scientific essay form which has given me the opportunity to deepen my reflections connected to literature by philosophers and scientists within the educational area. I also use the governing documents which decides how I should exercise my profession. These are Curriculum for the compulsory school, preschool class and the recreation centre 2011, The General advice for the recreation center and The Education Act. I have based on the reflections investigated how I could have behaved different, how my behavior affected the students and how the recreational teacher is able to develop through failure. I have examined my question at issue in dialogue with theories and reached a conclusion how to work with failure can proceed from the maturity theory, symbolic interactionism, differentiation of self and deontological ethics.

Over the last years, security-kernels have played a promising role in reshaping the landscape of platform security on embedded devices. Security-kernels, such as separation kernels, enable constructing high-assurance mixed-criticality execution platforms on a small TCB, which enforces isolation between components. The reduced TCB  minimizes the system attack surface and facilitates the use of formal methods to ensure the kernel functional correctness and security. In this thesis, we explore various aspects of building a provably secure separation kernel using virtualization technology. We show how the memory management subsystem can be virtualized to enforce isolation of system components. Virtualization is done using direct-paging that enables a guest software to manage its own memory configuration. We demonstrate the soundness of our approach by verifying that the high-level model of the system fulfills the desired security properties. Through refinement, we then propagate these properties (semi-)automatically to the machine-code of the virtualization mechanism. Further, we show how a runtime monitor can be securely deployed alongside a Linux guest on a hypervisor to prevent code injection attacks targeting Linux. The monitor takes advantage of the provided separation to protect itself and to retain a complete view of the guest. Separating components using a low-level software cannot by itself guarantee the system security. Indeed, current processors architecture involves features that can be utilized to violate the isolation of components. We present a new low-noise attack vector constructed by measuring caches effects which is capable of breaching isolation of components and invalidates the verification of a software that has been verified on a memory coherent model. To restore isolation, we provide several countermeasures and propose a methodology to repair the verification by including data-caches in the statement of the top-level security properties of the system. / <p>QC 20170831</p> / PROSPER / HASPOC

After a review of the literature relevant to performance management systems both over time and across different types of organizations, this thesis confines its research to a case study of the development and implementation of a performance management system in a non-governmental organization (NGO), the Public Service Accountability Monitor (PSAM). Collation of the relevant data is followed by a discussion of the development and implementation of the performance management system at the PSAM over a 5-year period from 1 June 1999 to 31 May 2004. This is considered in terms of the PSAM’s achievement of commitments to Funders and the concurrent development of the performance management system. Next an analysis of major themes that emerged from the research, in terms of important items for consideration in the development and implementation of a performance management system in an NGO, and areas for possible future improvements to the system is presented. After analyzing the relevant information, it became apparent that the performance management system has no direct bearing on the ability of the PSAM to achieve its stated commitment to Funders. However, these short-term focused expectations of the performance management system are outweighed by the positive contributions that have been made by its introduction, specifically in the area of training and development. This important aspect of capacity building and staff empowerment speaks to the long term sustainability of the organization. Although the PSAM’s performance management system undergoes continual improvement, significant inroads have been made into providing a sensible, clear and dynamic solution to the problem of rewarding efficient and effective performance. The PSAM has indeed benefited from the introduction of the performance management system in a number of ways. It is evident that these benefits could be applicable to other NGOs.

Nowadays, more and more people drink coffee not only from Starbucks or other shops, but also brew coffee from coffee maker which with proper sizes which they can be put in the resting room of companies or homes. The products of coffee maker polarize in the market. Some of them have powerful functions and nice tastes with high prices. The others are simple, cheap but losing enjoyment of drinking coffee and people need to keep an eye on status of coffee maker. Most of people prefer the cheaper type. But more functions will take more convenience. Actually users can have them both. In this thesis, I design some functions based on the cheap type of coffee maker which will make drinking coffee more convenient and enjoyable. I use Arduino Uno as my control system, cooperating with sensors and special circuits. My system monitor working time of coffee maker, temperature of coffee and water level of both coffee pot and tank in the coffee maker. Then users can receive these values from their cell phone and doing remote control. Meanwhile considering about prices, I choose the most suitable sensors for measurement. I also do some jobs for saving energy and safe. The system locks or turns off the switch automatically for them. At last, all the sensors, wires and control chip are put in good positions in the maker.

With the development of posibilities of image processing, stereoscopy, prices of web cameras and power of computers an opportunity to multiply an experience with working with 3D programs showed. From the picture from webcamera an estimation of a pose of user's head can be made. According to this pose a view on 3D scene can be changed. Then, when user moves his head, he will have a feeling as if monitor was a window through which one can see the scene behind. With the system which is the result of this project it will be possible to easily and cheaply add this kind of behaviour to any 3D application.

Dans les CRL en milieu universitaire français des moniteurs orientent leurs semblables à l’apprentissage en autonomie des langues. Ces moniteurs sont évalués lors d’un entretien, afin de remplir diverses fonctions, au sein d’une structure corrélativement récente où, face au public la mise à disposition des ressources matérielles, technologiques et humaines se réalise.Cependant, la responsabilité qui leur est confiée découle de types distincts d’interventions qui évoluent au-delà de la fonction du monitorat, plus précisément liés à la gestion et l’animation du centre. Il s’agit, dans certains cas, d’exercer une médiation de tutelle pour l’autonomisation des apprenants. Des compétences très précises unies à l'ingérence humaine puis à la gestion des ressources matérielles s’impliquent par ce profil.Malgré cette polyvalence des fonctions, les moniteurs ne reçoivent pas de formation spécifique pour exercer l’accompagnement en langue. Il en découle une proposition de formation de notre part qui mêle une analyse sur les profils, les compétences que le tuteur doit détenir pour exercer le tutorat. / In the Language Resource Labs of the French university system, monitors direct their fellows in the independent learning of languages. These monitors are assessed during an interview in order to fulfill diverse tasks, within a correlative recent structure where, the provision to the general public of the equipment as well as the technological and human resources come true. However, the responsibility which is trusted to them stems from different types of interventions which evolve beyond the function of instructing, but more precisely bound to the management and the organization of the Lab; It is a matter, in certain cases of practicing a mediation of supervision of the self-learning process of the learners. Very specific skills, along with human intervention, then the management of material resources are involved in this job profile. In spite of this functional flexibility, monitors do not receive any particular training in order to exercise this language learning support. As a result, we propose a training, which analyzes the job profile as well as the skills that the instructor must have in order to practice the instruction.

This diploma thesis Healthy lifestyle of pupils of the second grade of selected Prague primary school was prepared with the aim of finding out the healthy lifestyle of the pupils of the given group that is, pupils of the second grade of the Prague school. The standard CINDI Health Monitor method was used for this finding, thanks to which it is possible to compare healthy people's lifestyles across age groups. This method includes a standard set of questions to which probands answer dichotomously or yes-no. Our research has been supplemented by questions specific to our age group. These questions were evaluated by the percentage of positive answers and compared with previous surveys across age groups. Specifically with a group of students and adults over the age of 25. In terms of statistics, a correlate was also used, which better captured the relationship between the given age groups. Another goal of this work was to establish recommendations for the recovery of the health style of students who were the subject of this work, based on the intersection of the results with theoretical background. The selected group of pupils has a good health style, which may be due to the location of the school and also its culture, as there are many sports students. The main recommendation for pupils is to limit...

Introduction All experimental studies involving charged particle induced nuclear reactions require a precise knowledge of monitor reactions. A number of well described proton induced monitor reactions exist in the lower energy range [1], which is covered by most medical cyclotrons. Concerning proton energies above 20 MeV, however, the accuracy of the monitor reactions declines as cross section data becomes scarcer. Furthermore, the growing interest in precise determination of projectile energies by comparing of ratios of monitor reaction cross sections demands new measurements and evaluations of known data for high threshold monitor radionuclides. In this work cross section measurements on the formation of 61Cu were done and energy de-pendent radionuclide ratios were calculated. Material and Methods For investigation of the natCu(p,x)61Cu reaction copper foils of natural isotopic composition (Goodfellow Ltd.) were irradiated. The targets were of 10 and 20 μm thickness, having a diameter of 15 mm. Proton bombardments up to 45 MeV incident energy were done in the stacked-foil arrangement at the accelerator JULIC of the Nuclear Physics Institute (IKP) of the Forschungszentrum Jülich. In addition to an internal irradiation possibility the cyclotron is equipped with an external target station which was used for most experiments. It can adapt standard and slanting solid target holders and is equipped with a water cooled four sector collimator and additional helium cooling of the entry foil. Several irradiations were executed. In each stack, besides copper samples, aluminium absorbers and additional nickel monitor foils were also placed, the latter for the determination of the respective beam current. The produced radioactivity of 61Cu was analysed non-destructively using HPGe γ-ray detectors (EG&G Ortec). Results and Conclusion Reaction cross sections of the natCu(p,x)61Cu process up to 45 MeV were measured and com-pared with existing data from the literature (FIG. 2). Except for the data of Williams et al. our results are in good agreement, showing a maxi-mum of about 165 mbarn at 37.5 MeV proton energy. The overall uncertainty of the new cross section data is between 8 and 10 %. In FIG. 3, the excitation functions of the relevant monitor reactions on Cu are shown. In combination with the excitation function of the natCu(p,xn)62Zn reaction, isotope ratios were calculated which can be used for determination of the proton energy within a target stack in the energy range of 22–40 MeV as described by Piel et al. [3]. FIGURE 4 shows the cross section ratio in dependence of the proton energy. Above this energy, 65Zn could be used to generate isotope ratios for energy determination, although the long half-life (T½ = 244.3 d) of that radionuclide may be a problem. Additional cross section measurements are planned in order to further strengthen the data base of this potential monitor reaction. The results of this work shall be evaluated in the framework of an ongoing Coordinated Research Project of the IAEA.

Der IÖR-Monitor stellt für das Leibniz-Institut für ökologische Raumentwicklung (IÖR) die zentrale Plattform zur Publikation von Geoinformationen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland dar. Die Anforderungen an die Nutzerfreundlichkeit (Usability) des IÖR-Monitors erhöhen sich mit der Vielzahl und Heterogenität der Nutzer dieser Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise GIS-Experten oder politischen Entscheidern. Dabei stellt eine benutzerfreundliche und intuitiv bedienbare Oberfläche eine wesentliche Grundlage für die Recherche und Analyse der enthaltenen thematischen Geoinformationen dar. In einer Nutzerstudie wurde die Usability des IÖR-Monitors eingehend untersucht. Mit einer Methode zur Blickverfolgung (Eyetracking) konnten die Blicke der Probanden bei der Arbeit mit dem Monitor aufgezeichnet und analysiert werden. Zusammen mit den Ergebnissen der begleitenden Befragung, in denen subjektive Eindrücke der Teilnehmer erfasst wurden, ließen sich an die Usability des IÖR-Monitors neben derer Wahrnehmung auch weitere Anforderungen ermitteln. So zeigten sich neben den Stärken der Anwendung auch kleinere Schwächen.