Este trabalho é voltado ao estudo do conceito de Supereu nos textos sociais de Freud. O conceito de Supereu, que se enraíza na teoria freudiana da consciência moral (Totem e Tabu), tem seu aparecimento inicial em 1923 (Eu e o Isso). Evolui com a descoberta, no interior do Eu, de uma instância crítica Ideal do Eu formada pela introjeção de normas e valores vindos de experiências do sujeito com figuras de autoridade e pela passagem pelo Complexo de Édipo (Psicologia das Massas). Por fim, torna-se uma instância cuja ação punitiva supera e subsume o aspecto orientador e normativo da Lei (Mal-estar na cultura). Nosso estudo se propõe a examinar as transformações que o conceito de Supereu sofreu ao longo da obra e afirmar que Supereu não é lei em particular, não é o Imperativo Categórico de Kant. A nosso ver, deve ser entendido como uma resposta à patologia ou falência da lei. / This work is aimed to study the concept of superego in Freuds social texts. The concept of superego, which is rooted with the Freuds moral conscience theory (Totem and Taboo) has its initial appearance in 1923 (The Ego and the Id). Then it evolves with the discovery, inside the Ego, of a critical instance the Ideal Ego formed by the internalization of norms and values coming from the subjects experiences with authority figures and by the passage through the Oedipus complex (Group Psychology). Finally, it becomes an instance whose punitive action subsumes and surpasses the guiding and normative aspect of the Law (Civilization and its Discontents). Our study aims to examine the changes that the concept of superego suffered throughout the work, stating that the superego is not a law, particularly, it is not Kants Categorical Imperative. In our view, it must be understood as a response to pathologies collapse of the Law.

Este trabalho é voltado ao estudo do conceito de Supereu nos textos sociais de Freud. O conceito de Supereu, que se enraíza na teoria freudiana da consciência moral (Totem e Tabu), tem seu aparecimento inicial em 1923 (Eu e o Isso). Evolui com a descoberta, no interior do Eu, de uma instância crítica Ideal do Eu formada pela introjeção de normas e valores vindos de experiências do sujeito com figuras de autoridade e pela passagem pelo Complexo de Édipo (Psicologia das Massas). Por fim, torna-se uma instância cuja ação punitiva supera e subsume o aspecto orientador e normativo da Lei (Mal-estar na cultura). Nosso estudo se propõe a examinar as transformações que o conceito de Supereu sofreu ao longo da obra e afirmar que Supereu não é lei em particular, não é o Imperativo Categórico de Kant. A nosso ver, deve ser entendido como uma resposta à patologia ou falência da lei. / This work is aimed to study the concept of superego in Freuds social texts. The concept of superego, which is rooted with the Freuds moral conscience theory (Totem and Taboo) has its initial appearance in 1923 (The Ego and the Id). Then it evolves with the discovery, inside the Ego, of a critical instance the Ideal Ego formed by the internalization of norms and values coming from the subjects experiences with authority figures and by the passage through the Oedipus complex (Group Psychology). Finally, it becomes an instance whose punitive action subsumes and surpasses the guiding and normative aspect of the Law (Civilization and its Discontents). Our study aims to examine the changes that the concept of superego suffered throughout the work, stating that the superego is not a law, particularly, it is not Kants Categorical Imperative. In our view, it must be understood as a response to pathologies collapse of the Law.

Le fait d’être conscient, en éveil et donc en veille, implique une relation, éthique en ce qu’elle manifeste ses capacités d’ouverture sur l’altérité. Il suit de là que la conscience de soi est aussi conscience de l’autre. Cette conscience, interface entre l’Etre et l’être humain, est conscience morale, conscience dont la structure interne n’est pas le remord (repli sur soi tourné vers l’intériorité) mais ek-sistence vers autrui. Au nom de quoi une telle conscience se laisse t-elle nécessairement interpeller et comment se manifeste sa capacité à sortir de soi ? L’Être, porteur du discours ontologique de l’inquiétude, la convoque à s’ouvrir à l’être. L’intrusion de l’inquiétude dans ma conscience l’enjoint à une authenticité : celle d’avoir à être pour autrui, obligation manifestée et inscrite dans mon devoir. Le je suis conscient (qui n’est pas le j’ai conscience) signifie je suis présent d’une présence qui n’est pas une coïncidence et qui me renvoie par l’Être à ma responsabilité pour l’être. Au dieu des philosophes donneur d’Être répond une conscience dont l’effectivité n’est pas divine mais strictement humaine. Une conscience qui renvoie à une finalité commune quant à la relation entre le patient et le médecin, celle de ne pas en faire une relation d’objet et qui répond à une interrogation existentielle de la finitude humaine : pourquoi y a-t-il de l’Être / The fact of being conscious, awake and therefore in a watchful state implies a relation, which is ethical in that it reveals its ability to become aware of otherness. From then on it follows that self consciousness is also consciousness of the other. This consciousness – an interface between Being and human beings is in fact some moral consciousness whose internal structure cannot be based on remorse, which is withdrawal into oneself turned towards interiority, but based on the act of ek-xsistere which is turned towards others. In whose name should such consciousness necessarily be questioned? In what manner does it reveal its ability to come out of the self? Being as carrying the ontological discourse of anxiety invites consciousness to open up to human beings. The intrusion of anxiety in our consciousness enjoins it to be authentic, that is of having to be for others, an obligation shown and inscribed in our duty. “I am conscious” means that I am present, a presence which is no coincidence and sends us back via Being to our responsibility for human beings. To the god of philosophers, the one that gives Being, responds a consciousness whose efficiency is not from divine essence but strictly from human one. This consciousness refers to a common aim regarding the relation between patient and medical doctor, that of not making it a relation of objects, and which answers the existential interrogation of human finitude: why is there some Being

O presente trabalho se propõe a pesquisar a gênese do conceito de superego na clínica e na metapsicologia freudiana. Partindo do sofrimento relacionado aos conflitos morais, esta dissertação acompanha a formulação do complexo de Édipo e da noção de identificação, e, estendendo-se até a segunda tópica, evidencia a relação do conceito de superego com a pulsão de morte. Neste percurso a dimensão cruel do superego é enfatizada. Por fim, questiona-se a possibilidade de conceituação de uma face benevolente do superego analisando os mecanismos presentes no humor / This study aims to investigate the genesis of the concept of superego in Freudian clinic and metapsychology. Starting from the suffering related to moral conflicts, this dissertation follows the formulation of the Oedipus complex and the notion of identification, and extending up to the second topic, shows the relationship of the concept of superego with the death drive. In this way the cruel dimension of the superego is emphasized. The final issue refers to the possibility of a conceptualization of a benevolent face of the superego, analyzing the mechanisms present in the humor

O presente trabalho se propõe a pesquisar a gênese do conceito de superego na clínica e na metapsicologia freudiana. Partindo do sofrimento relacionado aos conflitos morais, esta dissertação acompanha a formulação do complexo de Édipo e da noção de identificação, e, estendendo-se até a segunda tópica, evidencia a relação do conceito de superego com a pulsão de morte. Neste percurso a dimensão cruel do superego é enfatizada. Por fim, questiona-se a possibilidade de conceituação de uma face benevolente do superego analisando os mecanismos presentes no humor / This study aims to investigate the genesis of the concept of superego in Freudian clinic and metapsychology. Starting from the suffering related to moral conflicts, this dissertation follows the formulation of the Oedipus complex and the notion of identification, and extending up to the second topic, shows the relationship of the concept of superego with the death drive. In this way the cruel dimension of the superego is emphasized. The final issue refers to the possibility of a conceptualization of a benevolent face of the superego, analyzing the mechanisms present in the humor