Th. doct.--Paris 4, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 555-583. Index.

Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät I--Zürich--Universität Zürich, 1990.

167f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-16T18:37:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcelo Primoseg.pdf: 1027316 bytes, checksum: fc9fa8ee8d48b34991885f0358d303ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-29T14:43:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcelo Primoseg.pdf: 1027316 bytes, checksum: fc9fa8ee8d48b34991885f0358d303ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-29T14:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcelo Primoseg.pdf: 1027316 bytes, checksum: fc9fa8ee8d48b34991885f0358d303ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Em sua obra De la tolérance: commentaire philosophique sur ces paroles de Jésus-Christ Contrains-les d’entrer de Pierre Bayle se opõe ao modo e às conseqüências práticas da leitura literal da Bíblia proporcionadas por Santo Agostinho, tomando como ponto de partida a análise de um trecho específico da Escritura – Lucas 14;23. Bayle justifica a sua crítica ao Bispo de Hipona sobre dois pilares: 1o) manifestando o intuito de apoiar a sua reflexão em um panorama que sobreponha os obstáculos particularmente confessionais, operando por meio da razão; 2o) a análise do contexto histórico cristão no qual a questão da perseguição religiosa é suscetível de um conjunto de considerações acerca da natureza do verdadeiro cristianismo e o autêntico espírito do Evangelho. Nessa direção, Bayle passa para um segundo movimento da sua reflexão, questionando-se se é legítimo forçar as consciências alheias em nome de uma suposta verdade religiosa. De tal indagação, o filósofo francês reclama os direitos da consciência errante e erige o postulado da liberdade de consciência, transformando este em um instrumento crítico o qual tanto afasta o homem do fanatismo como tem por imperativo o mais profundo respeito às consciências de outrem, devendo ser inabalável. A amplitude dada por Bayle a esse postulado o permite a tecer suas considerações sobre o ateísmo. Tema principal dos seus Pensées diverses sur la comète, aí o filósofo, a partir de sua crítica à opinião supersticiosa de que os cometas são avisos da ira divina, discorre e sugere a viabilidade de uma sociedade de ateus como não corruptora dos costumes e podendo viver sob os auspícios da moral. Da crítica destinada ao público ortodoxo de sua época, Bayle refletirá sobre uma moral atéia a qual, não tendo seu código calcado em mandamentos doutrinários, seu maior apreço será pela explicação das coisas naturais por elas próprias e pela virtude em si mesma. Se a religião dá a sua contribuição para fortalecer as relações sociais, todavia, está longe de ser indispensável. / Salvador

Dans le contexte de la Belle Époque, nombreux sont les romanciers qui s’attachent à représenter des « groupes », de forme et d’ampleur très diverses. Cette représentation du groupe engage des enjeux d’ordre moral mais aussi, et plus encore, des enjeux politiques. À travers le groupe, la question posée est celle de l’individu dans son rapport avec la société, voire avec la Nation. Dans cette période dominée par une volonté générale de réagir contre la décadence, cette question est celle de l’individualisme, analysé et présenté comme une maladie et comme le facteur même de la décomposition du corps social par Bourget, dès 1881, dans sa « Théorie de la décadence ». La question est d’ordre moral dans la mesure où elle concerne les devoirs de l’individu ; elle est aussi d’ordre politique, dans la mesure où elle concerne la bonne marche de la société, voire la bonne santé de la Nation. Elle est enfin d’ordre esthétique, à la fois parce que la problématique de la décadence de l’œuvre littéraire et celle de la décadence du corps social sont indissociables, suivant la vision organiciste de Bourget dans sa « Théorie de la décadence », et parce que le rapport entre l’individu et le groupe, en renvoyant au lien qui unit le romancier à son public, mais aussi à des groupes littéraires ou des réseaux d’influence, engage une certaine vision de la littérature. Cette thèse vise ainsi rendre compte de ces réflexions à partir, non pas des prises de position des uns et des autres, mais bien de la représentation du groupe proposée à l’intérieur même des fictions romanesques. Dans cette perspective, la réflexion se focalisera plus particulièrement sur quelques romans qui ont en commun de représenter différentes formes de groupes, notamment Paludes et Les Caves du Vatican d’André Gide, Les Déracinés de Maurice Barrès, L’Étape de Paul Bourget, Le Soleil des morts de Camille Mauclair et L’Enfant chargé de chaînes de François Mauriac / In the context of the Belle Epoque, many novelists who cling to represent "groups", shape and diverse scope. This group representation incurs moral issues but also, and more, political issues. Across the Group, the question is that of the individual in his relationship with the company or with the Nation. In this period dominated by a general will to react against the decay, this question is that of individualism, analyzed and presented as a disease and as the same factor of the decomposition of the social body by Bourget, in 1881, in his "Theory decadence. " The question is moral insofar as it relates to the duties of the individual; it is also political, insofar as it relates to the proper functioning of society or the health of the nation. Finally, it is aesthetic, both because the problem of the decline of the literary work and the decadence of society are inseparable, according to the organismic vision Bourget in his "Theory of decadence", and because the relationship between the individual and the group, referring to the link between the novelist to his audience, but also to literary groups or networks of influence, committed a certain vision of literature. This thesis aims to reflect these thoughts from, not the stances of each other, but the representation of the group proposed to the inside of romantic fictions. In this perspective, reflection will focus particularly on some novels that share represent different forms of groups, including Paludes and Les Caves du Vatican Gide, The Uprooted of Maurice Barres, The Step of Paul Bourget, Le Sun dead Mauclair Camille and The Child in chains of François Mauriac

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Human Ecology-Personal Financial Planning / Martin Seay / Guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) transactional theory of stress and coping as the theoretical framework, the objective of this research was to determine the association between financial stressors and the outcomes of health, morale, and social functioning. Additionally, the impact of the individual and environment, and the appraisal and coping process were examined. A literature review was conducted based on the theoretical constructs of the individual and environment, stressful events, the appraisal and coping process, morale, social functioning, and health. The sample consisted of 811 individuals age 50 and older, evenly split between males and females, from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Respondents were mostly white, married, and retired. The majority had at least some college and owned a home. Respondents were mainly under the age of 69 and had a mean income of $95,753. The sample reported better than the median scores for morale, social functioning, subjective health, and objective health. Likewise, respondents’ control of finances and mastery scores were also better than the median. However, lower than median scores for financial stressors were reported. OLS regression was utilized to model morale and social functioning while cumulative logistic regression analysis was used to model subjective and objective health. In an effort to model subjective and objective health, morale, and social functioning as one unit, an ad hoc composite measure for all three outcomes was developed which was modeled utilizing cumulative logistic regression. Either full or partial support for some of the hypotheses was indicated. As it pertains to the financial stressor construct, there were some significant relationships with social functioning and morale as theoretically anticipated and hypothesized. Namely, ongoing financial strain was the most frequent variable of significance. However, as a whole, financial stressors were as not as significant under the models as were some of the other variables when modeling the outcomes. Mastery, control over one’s finances, coping behaviors, and positive or negative social support were more frequently significant in the modeling. Control variables of significance often included marital status, gender, education, employment status, income, age, and homeownership status. This research fills a gap by examining the influence of financial stressors individually and simultaneously on physical health, well-being, and social functioning based on a large dataset of secondary data robed in a theoretical framework. By understanding the relationship between financial stress and these outcomes, financial practitioners and educators can develop interventions to promote positive adaptations.

The attitude of the church school teacher must be improved, and this is the primary purpose of this paper. An attempt was made to study scientifically teacher attitudes as measured by an adaptation of the Purdue Teacher Opinionaire administered to a systematically observed sample chosen from three church school faculties in the three Southern Baptist Churches in Denton, Texas.

The benefit of organizations that invest in the people who work for them has been shown in numerous academic publications. Some of these human capacity investments are amongst other the Employee Assistance Program. These programmes are designed to assist employees who in the course of their work encounter personal or interpersonal problems that may or may not influence the work environment. Departments can also make use of Employee Assistance Program (EAP’s) in their bid to offer help to employees. EAP is a program aimed at addressing quality of life and quality of work life of employees. When the mental, physical and emotional capacities are disturbed, the enthusiasm to work seems to decrease and hence economical implications are unavoidable. Good interpersonal relations, quality of supervision, improved working conditions in the workplace are important tasks that can contribute significantly to social factors influencing employee well-being. To make headway on these tasks, a study was conducted with the employees at the Department of Social Development, Germiston Office in Gauteng Province. The aim of this research study was to measure social factors influencing employee well-being at the Department of Social Development, Germiston. The objectives of the study were: • To draw up a profile of employee well-being at the Department of Social Development. • To review literature on social factors influencing employee well-being. • To select and prepare suitable instrumentation for the collection of quantitative data. • To analyze data and determine most suitable indicators of employee well-being. • Data will be interpreted for the purpose of drawing conclusions that reflect the interests, ideas and theories that initiated the inquiry. • To establish relationships between social factors and employees. • To draw conclusions and make recommendations. The findings of this study showed that the problems of the respondents that needed attention of the management are as follows: • Home language is an important determinant that can be associated with equality. English/Afrikaans respondents are less likely to be given equal opportunities to advance in their careers than African-language-speaking respondents. • Home language is an important determinant that can be associated with job satisfaction. African respondents are more likely to experience job satisfaction than English/Afrikaans respondents. • Home language is an important determinant that can be associated with expectation. African respondents are more optimistic about the future than the English/Afrikaans respondents. • Home language is an important determinant that can be associated with energy. English/Afrikaans-speaking respondents are less likely to enjoy the things that they are doing than African respondents. • Home language is an important determinant of that can be associated with responsibility. African respondents are more likely to get what they want if they work hard than English/Afrikaans respondents. There is statistically significant difference between family income of the respondents and energy. Family income is an important determinant that can be associated with energy. The respondents earning more than R6 000 or more per month are less likely to enjoy life than the respondents who are earning less than R5 999 per month. Home language is an important determinant of medical aid. English/Afrikaans respondents have a greater need for medical aid than African respondents. The study has shown that African employees at the organization are generally more contempt in their work than Afrikaans and English speaking employees. One can only speculate as to what may contribute to this marked difference in opinion. Environmental factors may be included in these findings. The study does show however that expectations and perceptions amongst various cultural groups of employees are different and that English and Afrikaans employees are less optimistic about the future than the African group. It is significant to note however that expectations regarding aspects such as access to a medical aid may contribute to a sense of well - being as well. It is important for management to conduct surveys which research how employees are feeling and what the morale is in an organization. The findings will help management in structuring a performance appraisal system, team building as well as developing career development programs and improving factors that have an impact on the well-being of the employees. / Dr. W. Roestenburg

Ma thèse développe le problème de la compatibilité de responsabilité morale et des thèses causales (déterminisme et indéterminisme.) Ce problème est traité en analysant l’importance supposée de deux conditions de la responsabilité: le pouvoir d’agir autrement et le contrôle sur les sources causales du comportement. La condition de possibilités alternatives est envisagée en faisant référence aux exemples à la Frankfurt, tandis que la condition de la source est supportée par les exemples de manipulation. Mon analyse refuse ces deux conditions. L’examen des œuvres de P.F. Strawson et de J. Feinberg montre, à mon avis, qu’il est impossible de définir les conditions de la responsabilité sans prendre position dans le champ de l’éthique normative. Ainsi, j’en viens à analyser la notion d’obligation morale, et je propose finalement un approche contractualiste, basé sur la théorie de T.M. Scanlon. / My thesis develops the problem of the compatibility between moral responsibility and the physical causation of human decisions. This problem is dealt with the supposed relevance of two different conditions of responsibility: the power to choose otherwise and the control over the source of behaviour. The alternative-possibilities condition is examined by reference to the Frankfurt-type examples, while the source-condition is supported by the manipulation examples. My analysis rejects both of those argumentations. The examination of P.F. Strawson’s and J. Feinberg’s works show, in my opinion, that it is impossible to define the conditions of responsibility without embracing some sort of normative ethical theory. So I came to analyse the notion of moral obligation and finally I propose a contractualist approach, based on the works by T.M. Scanlon.

The changing business environment has increasingly driven organisations to incorporate sustainability into their corporate strategy for them to remain competitive. The economic, social and environmental goals and objectives of the organisation are now being factored into corporate strategy. This is as a result of the opportunities presented with the adoption of sustainability as a strategy and the threats caused by failure to adopt sustainability within their corporate strategy. For organisations to reap any benefits of incorporating sustainability, successful implementation of the strategy is needed. The role employees’ play in the implementation process of the sustainability strategy is critical. For successful implementation of the strategy, employee commitment is required as they have to adjust their actions and behaviours to be congruent with those required for the successful implementation of the sustainability strategy. However literature suggests that employees have received little attention in past research in regard to sustainability especially in emerging markets where research on sustainability has been limited. For this reason, the research problem for this study was how employee commitment can be improved towards the implementation of the sustainability strategy in their day-to-day operations. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework was developed by investigating the organisational factors that impact on employee commitment to implementing sustainability in their day-to-day activities. To develop the conceptual framework, a literature review was conducted. The conceptual framework served as a basis for the construction of the questionnaire, to determine the nature of employee commitment to sustainability, to what extent they were implementing sustainability in their day-to-day activities and finally for the employees who were committed and were implementing sustainability what were the organisational factors that influenced their commitment to the sustainability strategy. The questionnaire was distributed to employees of different organisations in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan area who were MBA students at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The findings of the empirical study indicate that the majority (75.5%) of the respondents were committed to all the tenets of sustainability, and were implementing the sustainability strategy. Though there were trade-offs in how the sustainability strategy was implemented, with the economic aspect having precedence where 84.5% of the respondents were implementing it, 70% of the respondents were implementing the social aspect of sustainability and 72.2% implementing the environmental tenet of sustainability. The organisational factors that influenced employee commitment to sustainability as was developed in the conceptual framework were all positively confirmed by the findings of the empirical study. Employee socialisation had the highest influence on commitment, followed by leadership, culture, communication, sustainability programmes and finally performance management. Formal and informal socialisation in the form of training and influence from experienced employees was the leading organisational factor that influenced commitment. The different roles top and middle management played in regard to sustainability followed. The organisational culture that existed in the organisation and the internal communication that was received all contributed to employee commitment to sustainability. The sustainability programmes in place and performance management systems in place were all organisational factors contributing to employee commitment to sustainability.

Since employee motivation contributes to overall organisational success, reliable motivation theory should inform management and reward practices. Yet, motivation theory is currently in a state of paralysis, with no constructive theorising taking place. Analysis of its methodological presuppositions reveals that it relies on out-dated binary thinking, prioritising, e.g. either a ‘machine-like’ (body driven) or ‘god-like’ (rationally driven) understanding of humanity. In this study it is argued that the revival of motivation theory requires a paradigmatic shift towards a complexity methodology because human motivation was found to be a complex system and must be theorised accordingly. It was found that McAdams’ theory of personality which brought together personality traits, conditioning, and motives could form the basis of a complex theory of motivation. On this basis, a complex model was developed which incorporated elements of existing motivational theories. This model proposed that drives, which motivate behaviour, are a combination of instincts, needs, and desires, mediated by personality traits, rational processing, and conditioning. All of these interconnected elements, as well as biological and environmental conditions, have an impact on, and are influenced by one another. For the purposes of understanding employee motivation the element of desire was isolated as a potential means to value segment employees. A Lacanian theory was utilised to elaborate on the element of desire. This theory postulated that individuals tend to display a dominance is one of nine kinds and modes of desire. An instrument was developed to test the applicability of the Lacanian model. It was developed in five phases which included three pilot studies and two samplings. A total of 591 respondents participated in the empirical research study with 428 in the first sample and 70 in the second; the remaining 93 made up the pilot studies. Unlike the initial version of the instrument used in the first sample (n=428) the data obtained by the last version (n=70) revealed that the instrument held some form of reliability and validity. Once analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics the data supported the view that individuals tended to display dominance in a kind and mode of desire as per the Lacanian model, and sufficient variance existed to preliminarily conclude that this model could be used as a means to value segment employees. Recommendations were as follows: (1) that complexity methodology should inform future motivation theorising, (2) that the proposed complexity models be further empirically tested, (3) that an adequately complex, flexible rewards system be considered, (4) that both managers and employees make use of the developed instrument to aid them in the selection of rewards that will lead to increased satisfaction.