Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paola Prestes Penney.pdf: 2036011 bytes, checksum: 1d5bd18e2d7c9989e5ca7f25f460e4ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study investigates the processes through which poetic narratives are constructed in documentary cinema and their results. In order to do so, the question of the audiovisual poetry that is formed through images, sounds, and words will be analyzed. In its turn, this analysis will serve as the basis of the proposition of this study, the creation of poetic languages, and the mapping of new discernible frontiers of communication and perception in the context of the production of documentary cinema. Three documentaries by the German filmmaker Werner Herzog are analyzed Fata Morgana (1971), Lessons of darkness (1992), and The wild blue yonder (2005) which, in the context of this dissertation, constitute a poetic trilogy. Based on these works and documental material on the director, this project aims to elucidate Herzog s creative processes and their transformations in each phase of realization of those films, from the choices in conceptual approach to the editing, by comparatively analyzing the way text, image, and sound are worked together. To this end, the study of these three works is founded in two moments: the realization (technical analysis) and the result (analysis of the poetic or artistic language). This methodology satisfies technical criteria as much as it does sensibility criteria, and when combined with Gaston Bachelard s, Arlindo Machado s, and Gilles Deleuze s concepts of image, this study reveals the processes of audiovisual language creation in documentary cinema that transcend the limits of the genre / Este estudo investiga os processos de construção de narrativas poéticas em cinema documentário e seus resultados. Para tanto, será analisada a questão da poesia audiovisual que é construída por meio de imagens, sons e palavras. Esta análise servirá como base para se estabelecer a questão proposta neste estudo, a criação de linguagens poéticas e o mapeamento de novas fronteiras de comunicação e percepção sensíveis no contexto da produção de cinema documentário. Três documentários do cineasta alemão Werner Herzog são estudados: Fata Morgana, de 1971, Lições da escuridão, de 1992 e Além do azul selvagem, de 2005, que, no contexto desta dissertação, compõem uma trilogia poética do diretor. Com base nessas obras e material documental sobre o diretor, a pesquisa procura trazer um entendimento dos processos criativos de Herzog e as transformações desses processos, em cada etapa de realização dos filmes, da escolha de dispositivos à montagem, analisando comparativamente de que maneira são articulados texto, imagem e som. Para tanto, o estudo destas três obras está estruturado em dois momentos: a realização (análise técnica), e o resultado (análise da linguagem poética ou artística). A metodologia de análise adotada atende a critérios técnicos sensíveis. A fundamentação teórica engloba Gaston Bachelard, Arlindo Machado e Gilles Deleuze, com o objetivo de revelar os processos de criação de linguagem audiovisual em cinema documentário que transcende os limites do gênero

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - Renata Kabke Pinheiro.pdf: 2007896 bytes, checksum: 0018c49d84325239a29e07ac3f7f52de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / This work comprises a linguistic-discursive analysis of the characters Viviane and Morgaine in the novel The Mists of Avalon (1983) by Marion Zimmer Bradley (1930-1999). The main objective addresses the investigation of the presence of myths about the power, the role and the depiction of women in the discourse related to those characters within the book. The theoretical support is based on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model of Norman Fairclough (2001), the Systemic-Functional Grammar of Michael Halliday (1994) and Matthiessen & Halliday (1997), on the relationship among literature, discourse and gender (CRANNY-FRANCIS, 1990; FUNCK, 1998; et al) and on the concept of myth of Roland Barthes (1980). Divided into three chapters, after the theorethical part where we also make some considerations about gender we present the author, the book and the characters. Next, we describe the methodology used for the analysis and discuss the data with reference to: a) the depiction of women; b) the power of women, as belonging/granted to or taken from them; c) the role of women, with emphasis on the gender dichotomy and on the roles traditionally and hegemonically considered male or female . The study draws some conclusions about the permanence of myths related to the power, the role and the depiction of women found in the linguistic materiality of the text, despite the frequent classification of The Mists of Avalon as a feminist work. Furthermore, we propose that a new literary dichotomy that of "Bitch / Victim" instead of the well-known "Witch / Angel" is established in the work, perpetuating negative images of women at the same time that, due to the centering around female characters and the relative empowerment of women, a tension between discourses of patriarchal and feminist basis does not allow the text to be labeled as aligned exclusively with either of them / Este trabalho constitui uma análise linguístico-discursiva das personagens Viviane e Morgana do romance As brumas de Avalon (1983) de Marion Zimmer Bradley (1930-1999). O objetivo principal remete à investigação dos mitos relativos ao poder, ao papel e às representações da mulher que se fazem presentes no discurso relacionado às personagens dentro da obra. A fundamentação teórica busca sustentação na Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) de Norman Fairclough (2001), na Gramática Sistêmico-funcional de Halliday (1994) e Matthiessen e Halliday (1997), na relação literatura, discurso e gênero (CRANNY-FRANCIS, 1990; FUNCK, 1998; et al) e no conceito de mito de Roland Barthes (1980). Dividido em três capítulos, após a parte teórica onde também fazemos algumas considerações a respeito de gênero apresentamos a autora, a obra e as personagens. A seguir, descrevemos a metodologia utilizada na análise e discutimos os dados encontrados relativos a: a) a representação feminina; b) o poder da mulher, como pertencente/concedido a ela ou usurpado dela; c) o papel da mulher, com ênfase na dicotomia de gêneros e nos papéis tradicional e hegemonicamente ligados a eles. O estudo chega a conclusões quanto à perpetuação de mitos em relação ao poder, ao papel e às representações da mulher encontrada na materialidade linguística do texto de Marion Zimmer Bradley, apesar da frequente classificação de As brumas de Avalon como uma obra feminista. Além disso, propomos que uma nova dicotomia literária a da Megera/Vítima em lugar da já conhecida Bruxa/Anjo é estabelecida na obra, perpetuando imagens negativas da mulher ao mesmo tempo em que, com a centralidade nas personagens femininas e a concessão de um certo poder à mulher, um movimento de tensão entre discursos de bases patriarcal e feminista não permita que o texto possa ser classificado como afiliado exclusivamente a qualquer um deles

Le glaucome, comme beaucoup d’autres maladies neurodégénératives, entraîne la mort des neurones et reste à ce jour incurable, représentant de ce fait un véritable fardeau pour la société. Il y a donc un réel besoin de développer de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques afin de ralentir la progression, voire de guérir les maladies neurologiques. Depuis des décennies, les chercheurs qui étudient les blessures ainsi que les maladies qui affectent le système nerveux central (SNC) ont focalisé leur attention sur la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans la dégénérescence axonale afin d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour la protection et la régénération des axones. Mais des données récentes indiquent que des déficits dendritiques constituent une caractéristique précoce de la neurodégénérescence, un phénomène maintenant appelé la pathologie dendritique et qui jouerait un rôle prépondérant dans la pathogénèse des maladies neurodégénératives comme le glaucome. Parce que les dendrites représentent des structures essentielles pour la communication et la fonction neuronale, il est donc crucial de protéger et de restaurer non seulement les axones mais aussi les dendrites des neurones encore vivants afin d’améliorer la condition des patients. Malgré cela, la capacité des neurones à régénérer leurs arbres dendritiques reste encore largement inconnue. L’hypothèse centrale de cette thèse propose que : 1) les neurones du SNC peuvent faire repousser leurs dendrites après une blessure axonale, et 2) l’identification des voies de signalisation impliquées pourrait offrir de nouvelles possibilités thérapeutiques permettant de ralentir, voire de prévenir la dégénérescence des neurones rétiniens lors de pathologies oculaires telles que le glaucome. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous avons démontré que les neurones des mammifères sont pourvus d’une capacité à restaurer leur arbre dendritique et leurs connectivités synaptiques. Grâce à l’utilisation de souris transgénique soumis à une transsection du nerf optique (axotomie), nous avons montrés que les cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine (CGRs) subissent rapidement un rétrécissement dendritique, bien avant que les dommages axonaux ou la perte des soma ne soient visibles. Nous avons également démontré que l’administration quotidienne d’insuline, par voie topique (gouttes oculaires) ou systémique (injection intrapéritonéale) après la rétraction des dendrites mais avant la mort neuronale induit une régénération robuste des dendrites ainsi qu’une restauration des connections avec les cibles présynaptiques. De plus, cette régénération des arbres dendritiques suite au traitement d’insuline permet d’étendre la survie neuronale et de restaurer la réponse rétinienne à la lumière. Des expériences de perte de fonction ciblée via l’utilisation de petits ARN interférents ont révélé que la régénération induite par l’insuline requiert l’activité des deux complexes de la voie mTOR, mTORC1 et mTORC2. Ces derniers agissent de manière synergique, mTORC1 régulant l’apparition de nouvelles branches dendritiques pour restaurer la complexité des arbres alors que mTORC2 stimule l’élongation des dendrites. Dans la deuxième étude présentée dans cette thèse, nous avons montré pour la première fois que morgana, une protéine chaperonne en aval de mTORC2, est exprimée par les CGRs et que son expression est sévèrement inhibée rapidement après une blessure axonale. Nous avons également démontré que morgana est nécessaire au succès de la régénération ainsi que de la neuroprotection induite par le traitement d’insuline. De plus, nous avons montré que le rétablissement de l’expression de morgana spécifiquement dans les CGRs via l’utilisation d’un vecteur viral (AAV) mène à une régénération robuste non seulement de leurs dendrites mais aussi de leurs synapses. Ainsi, nous avons identifié un nouveau rôle pour la protéine morgana dans la régulation de la morphologie des arbres dendritiques des neurones adultes chez les mammifères. En conclusions, les résultats présentés dans cette thèse contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes pathologiques impliqués dans la pathologie dendritique des CGRs et identifient des cibles prometteuses pour le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques dans le cadre des maladies neurodégénératives telles que le glaucome. / Glaucoma, just as many other neurodegenerative diseases, triggers neuronal death and remained incurable, hence representing a heavy burden for the society. Therefore, there is a critical need for developing new therapeutic strategies to delay the progression of and, ultimately, cure neurological conditions. For decades, neuroscientists studying injuries and diseases of the CNS have largely focused on understanding the mechanisms of axon degeneration to identify new targets for axonal protection and regeneration. But recent data indicates that dendritic deficits represent an early feature of neurodegeneration, a phenomenon now called dendritic pathology and playing a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma. Because dendrites are essential structures for neuronal communication and function, it is therefore crucial to protect or restore connectivity as well as axons of surviving neurons to improve patients’ condition. In spite of this, the ability of injured neurons to regenerate dendrites remains largely ignored. The central hypothesis of the thesis is that: i) adult CNS neurons can regrow their dendrites after axonal injury, and ii) the identification of underlying signalling pathways would offer new therapeutic avenues to slow or prevent retinal ganglion cell death during ocular neuropathies such as glaucoma. In the first part of my thesis, I demonstrated that mammalian neurons are endowed with the ability to restore their dendritic arbor and synaptic connectivity. Using adult transgenic mice subjected to optic nerve axotomy, we have shown that retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) rapidly undergo dendritic shrinkage before cell death or axonal damage become visible. We also demonstrated that daily insulin, administered topically (eye drops) or systemically (intraperitoneal) after dendritic arbour shrinkage and prior to neuronal loss results in a robust regeneration of dendrites and successful reconnection with presynaptic targets. Moreover, insulin-mediated restoration of dendritic arbors extended neuronal survival and rescued lighttriggered retinal responses. Targeted loss-of-function experiments using siRNAs revealed that insulin-dependent regeneration requires both the activity of both mTOR complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2 which act synergistically, mTORC1 promoting new dendritic branching to restore arbor complexity, while mTORC2 drives dendritic process elongation. In the second study presented in my thesis, we showed for the first time that morgana, a chaperone protein downstream of mTORC2, is expressed by RGCs and severely downregulated soon after axonal injury. We also demonstrate that morgana is required for successful insulinmediated regeneration of RGC dendrites and neuroprotection. Morgana specific knockdown using siRNA designed against morgana resulted in substantial alterations of dendrite elongation, without changes in arbor complexity. Further, we showed that AAV-mediated rescue of morgana expression selectively in RGCs promoted striking regeneration of dendrites and synapses. Hence, our findings identified a new role for morgana in the regulation of dendritic arbor morphology in adult mammalian neurons Collectively, the findings presented in this thesis contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying RGC dendritic pathology and identified promising targets for the development of novel neuroprotective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma.

This thesis project examines the work of three female Nigerian authors: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Sefi Atta and Chika Unigwe. They are part of a growing number of young African writers who are receiving international acclaim and challenging narratives that have long defined the continent in pejorative terms. They question what it means to be female and African in a transcultural, global world but counter discourses that are both restrictive and prescriptive. Their female characters are not imaged in binary terms as either victims or villains. For all three writers, the African story has to be told in its entirety incorporating what some may argue are negative stereotypes but doing so in a manner that examines and undermines those same stereotypes. For the purposes of the thesis, I focus on their first novels: Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus, Atta’s Everything Good Will Come and Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street. Chapter One examines Purple Hibiscus and argues that the novel is much more than a coming of age story or, as some critics have posited, an allegory of the postcolonial state. Chapter Two highlights Atta’s use of fairly familiar feminist theories but grounds them in the lived realities of the African city. All three authors are concerned with issues of violence and death. Unigwe’s novel, which forms the focus of Chapter Three, offers a critical perspective on how both of those themes intersect with the increasing commercialisation of global culture. Her characters are female sex workers whose lives are irrevocably altered by the murder of one of their colleagues. I conclude by arguing that the three novels offer a nuanced if not necessarily new understanding of the various social, economic and political forces that continue to shape the lives of women on the continent.