L’ostéoporose est une maladie osseuse caractérisée par une perte importante de la masse osseuse et des altérations de la microarchitecture du tissu osseux. Aujourd’hui, en routine clinique, le diagnostic de l’ostéoporose est basé principalement sur une mesure de la densité minérale osseuse qui n’est pas suffisante, car elle doit être accompagnée par une analyse de la qualité de la microarchitecture osseuse. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse concernent la caractérisation des images de radiographies osseuses pour le diagnostic précoce de l’ostéoporose. Pour ce faire, afin de mieux caractériser la texture osseuse sur radiographie, nous avons introduit une nouvelle technique de prétraitement des données pour réduire les redondances et éliminer le bruit issu des capteurs d’acquisition. Pour la caractérisation, nous avons proposé une nouvelle technique d’analyse inspirée des motifs binaires locaux (Local Binary Patterns, LBP). Le nouveau descripteur, appelé 1DLBP (One Dimensional Local Binary Patterns) s’applique de manière unidimensionnelle. Pour tester l’efficacité de notre approche, nous avons réalisé deux études cliniques où le nouveau descripteur LBP1D est comparé à la méthode classique, LBP afin de classifier des patients ostéoporotiques et des sujets sains. Les pourcentages de classification obtenus ont été améliorés de 72% avec la méthode classique LBP à 91% avec le nouveau descripteur 1DLBP. / Osteoporosis is characterized by a significant loss of bone mass and alterations in the microarchitecture of bone tissue. Actually, in clinical routine the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based mainly on measurement of bone mineral density. It turned out that this is not sufficient, it must be accompanied by an analysis of the microarchitecture of the bone to increase the efficiency of diagnosis. This thesis deals with the characterization of images of bone radiographs for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. To do this, in order to better characterize the texture of bone radiography, we have introduced a new technique for data preprocessing to reduce redundancy and decrease the effect of the noise resulted by the acquisition sensors. For characterization, we propose a new analysis method inspired from the local binary patterns (LBP). The new descriptor called 1DLBP (One Dimensional Local Binary Patterns) applies in one-dimensionally manner. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted two clinical studies where the new descriptor (1DLBP) is compared with the conventional method (LBP) to classify osteoporotic patients and healthy subjects. The classification scores obtained were enhanced by 72% with the conventional LBP descriptor to 91% with 1DLBP descriptor.

La mucoviscidose est une maladie héréditaire monogénique grave en rapport avec une mutation du gène codant pour la protéine CFTR et dont la morbidité est due principalement aux atteintes pulmonaires. La greffe pulmonaire développée depuis quelques années semble être la seule thérapie curative efficace. Toutefois, la rareté des greffons disponibles, justifie de développer d’autres thérapies comme la thérapie génique. Les pseudovirions de papillomavirus sont capables de transférer des gènes dans de nombreuses lignées cellulaires. Cependant, le tropisme naturel des papillomavirus est l’épithélium malpighien et ces pseudovirions sont peu efficaces pour les cellules de l’épithélium pulmonaire. Afin de modifier le tropisme de nos pseudocapsides de papillomavirus, la première étape de mon travail a été d’identifier de nouveaux motifs de ciblage pulmonaire. La technique de phage display a permis l’identification des motifs PHPNRAQ et VDRLQQK par sélection sur les cellules épithéliales bronchique IB3-1 et S9. / Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Lung transplantation developed in recent years is the only effective curative treatment. However, due to the limitation in organ donors, it is necessary to develop other therapies such as gene therapy. Papillomavirus pseudovirions have the potential to deliver genes into different cells. However, the natural tropism of HPV is directed to the cervical epithelial cells and these pseudovirions have low transduction efficacy in pulmonary epithelial cells. The purpose of this thesis was to retarget and optimize the HPV-16 pseudovirions tropism to airway cells by insertion of short amino acid sequences within the major capsid protein L1.

Following diploma thesis is focused on decorative motifs of Achaemenid small-scale art. Borders of the Achaemenid Empire stretched from the river Indus to Bulgaria and from Egypt to the Black sea. It was associated with dynasty of Persian kings, who ruled over the empire between 559 - 331 BC. During its existence a characteristic art with its own style and iconography was formed. The main aim of the thesis is to present iconographical analysis of decorative motives appearing in Achaemenid small-scale art. Due to the vast range of decorative motives thesis is focused only on motives of animals. The analysis is conducted on diverse spectrum of objects included in studied collection. It consists of 397 objects namely jewellery, plaques, bracteates, toreutics, coins, stamp and cylinder seals and their impressions, horse-harness strap dividers, weapons, scabbards and scabbard tips and small scale sculpture. These objects are decorated with total of 822 animal motives, which are sorted into six chapters. The introduction is followed by second chapter, in which beasts of prey are described. Here belongs lion, dog, fox, leopard and other beasts of prey without more specific interpretation. Next chapter includes motives of wild animals where ibexes, gazelles, deer and wild boars. In the following chapter...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis analyses the short stories from Uma Terra Só (1984) and intends to verify how the motifs related to the bordering space are manifested in this book, considering them from the perspective of making of characters, fictional space, narrative voice and, mainly, of the subject matter. The culture, the language, the literature, the frontier man, the history of both sides of the border line which passes by Rio Grande do Sul state and Uruguay are elements which attest a limit, however, they do not demarcate it in a precise and clear-cut way. On the contrary, such aspects configure this territory as a cultural continuum . This work aims at studying this conception of the physical and social space as well as its evident relation with the aesthetic project which we find in the so called puebleros short stories by Aldyr Schlee. / Esta dissertação analisa os contos de Uma Terra Só (1984) e busca verificar como os motivos relacionados ao espaço fimbrio manifestam-se no corpus em estudo, tomando-os, na obra, pela via da construção de personagens, do espaço ficcional, do narrador e, principalmente, da temática. A cultura, a língua, a literatura, o homem fronteiriço, a história dos dois lados da linha divisória que perpassa o Rio Grande do Sul e o Uruguai são elementos que atestam um limite sem, no entanto, demarcá-lo de modo nítido e firme. Pelo contrário, tais aspectos configuram esse território como um continuum cultural . Busca-se estudar essa forma de conceber o espaço físico e social e a sua evidente relação com o projeto estético que localizamos nos cognominados contos puebleros de Aldyr Garcia Schlee.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

(in English): The diploma's thesis deals with the natural theme in the work of Argentine poet Alfonsina Storni. The first part briefly outlines her biography. Following theoretical chapter presents several literary movements of which the writer is considered to be part of: modernism, postmodernism and avant-garde. Among others the work refers to the distinctive position of the author in the Hispano-american poetry. The main part consists of the analyses of several poems of Alfonsina Storni, chosen from her work according to the selected topics. Primarily, the element of the sea, the earth and the sky are being analyzed, after that the elements of fauna and flora are interpreted. The analyses are oriented not only on the content and meaning of the poems but also on the formal part in which the shift of author's style is noticeable. The final part of the thesis briefly introduces other topics which are related with the author's writing. The whole work is based primarily on the author's works, followed by theoretical studies related to the era and also on two biographies and several interpretations of the particular works. Since there has not been yet published any translation of Alfonsina's Storni work, an attachment of this thesis consists of translations of several selected poems.

This dissertation Far East Motifs in the Works of Selected Authors at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Century deals with works written by Julius Zeyer, Jiří Karásek ze Lvovic and Josef (Joe) Hloucha. The thesis analyses selected works from the viewpoint of typical motifs and themes. It pursues to depict different authorial images of Far East and to find out why are these authors so fascinated by this region. Some motifs are characteristic for all the authors: love; art and beauty; fairy tale and dream. Spirituality is characteristic for Julius Zeyer - his "renewed pictures" direct the reader to think about the values that are worth searching - regardless where or when we live. Jiří Karásek ze Lvovic uses Far East surrounding to run away from monotonous reality. In his play Dream of the Empire of Beauty he wants to create a symbol depicting his own soul. His typical motifs are secret and individuality. Hloucha's Far East image is based on real facts. Cognitive function is many times more significant than aesthetic. His typical motif is Europeanism. Among others he is the only one who confronts the Asian surrounding with the European. In his works he often uses the techniques of lowbrow literature - especially love novel - that possibly caused his enormous popularity among female readers of his time....

Les protéines Hox sont des facteurs de transcription à homéodomaine, dont les propriétés de liaison à l’ADN contrastent avec leur spécificité fonctionnelle in vivo. Ils interagissent avec les cofacteurs PBC (Extradenticle (Exd) chez la drosophile) formant des complexes multimériques dont la spécificité fonctionnelle est accrue. Cette interaction repose sur le motif l’hexapeptide (HX), conservé dans la plupart des protéines Hox. Récemment, nous avons identifié le domaine UbdA (UA), spécifique aux protéines Hox de classe centrale Ultrabithorax (Ubx) et AbdominalA (Abd-A), comme un nouveau motif d'interaction avec la protéine Exd. Des analyses in vivo de la contribution de l’HX et de UbdA dans l’activité des protéines Ubx et Abd-A ont indiqué que les protéines Ubx et Abd-A partagent des fonctions (Exd dépendantes et indépendantes), qui ne sont pas médiées par une utilisation identique des motifs protéiques HX et UA.L’objectif de ces travaux est d’analyser les mécanismes moléculaires qui sous-tendent une utilisation ciblée/sélective des motifs protéiques HX et UA de Ubx et de Abd-A en absence du cofacteur connu Exd. Pour cela, des lignées cellulaires S2 DRSC exprimant les protéines Ubx sauvages et mutantes sur les motifs HX et UA, ont été générées et analysées par des expériences de ChIP-Seq. Nos données comparées à celles obtenues précédemment dans l’équipe pour la protéine Abd-A posent les bases permettant d’appréhender la contribution fonctionnelle et l’utilisation sélective des motifs protéiques HX et UA, au-delà de leurs fonctions dans la médiation de l'interaction avec le cofacteur Exd. / Hox proteins are homeodomain-containing transcription factors, whose poor DNA-binding properties contrast with their functional specificity in vivo. They interact with PBC cofactors (Extradenticle (Exd) in Drosophila), forming multimeric complexes with increased functional specificity. This interaction involve a conserved motif called the hexapeptide (HX), found in most Hox proteins. Recently, we the UbdA domain (UA), specific to the central class Hox proteins Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and Abdominal-A (Abd-A), as a novel interaction motif with the Exd protein. In vivo analysis of the HX and UA contributions to Ubx and Abd-A protein activity indicated Ubx and Abd-A shared functions (Exd dependent or independent) do not necessarily rely on a similar use of the HX or UA protein motifs. The aim of this work was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the targeted/selective use of the HX and UA protein motifs in Ubx and Abd-A in the absence of the usual Hox Exd cofactor. For this, S2 DSRC cell lines stably expressing the Ubx protein, as well as HX or UA variants have been generated and analysed by ChiP-Seq experiments. Our data, compared to those previously obtained for Abd-A in the laboratory, set bases for apprehending the functional contribution and selective use of the HX and UA protein motifs, outside their established function in mediating interaction with the Exd cofactor.

Le Web des données offre un environnement de partage et de diffusion des données, selon un cadre particulier qui permet une exploitation des données tant par l’humain que par la machine. Pour cela, le framework RDF propose de formater les données en phrases élémentaires de la forme (sujet, relation, objet) , appelées triplets. Les bases du Web des données, dites bases RDF, sont des ensembles de triplets. Dans une base RDF, l’ontologie – données structurelles – organise la description des données factuelles. Le nombre et la taille des bases du Web des données n’a pas cessé de croître depuis sa création en 2001. Cette croissance s’est même accélérée depuis l’apparition du mouvement du Linked Data en 2008 qui encourage le partage et l’interconnexion de bases publiquement accessibles sur Internet. Ces bases couvrent des domaines variés tels que les données encyclopédiques (e.g. Wikipédia), gouvernementales ou bibliographiques. L’utilisation et la mise à jour des données dans ces bases sont faits par des communautés d’utilisateurs liés par un domaine d’intérêt commun. Cette exploitation communautaire se fait avec le soutien d’outils insuffisamment matures pour diagnostiquer le contenu d’une base ou pour interroger ensemble les bases du Web des données. Notre thèse propose trois méthodes pour encadrer le développement, tant factuel qu’ontologique, et pour améliorer l’interrogation des bases du Web des données. Nous proposons d’abord une méthode pour évaluer la qualité des modifications des données factuelles lors d’une mise à jour par un contributeur. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode pour faciliter l’examen de la base par la mise en évidence de groupes de données factuelles en conflit avec l’ontologie. L’expert qui guide l’évolution de cette base peut ainsi modifier l’ontologie ou les données. Nous proposons enfin une méthode d’interrogation dans un environnement distribué qui interroge uniquement les bases susceptibles de fournir une réponse. / The web of data is a mean to share and broadcast data user-readable data as well as machine-readable data. This is possible thanks to rdf which propose the formatting of data into short sentences (subject, relation, object) called triples. Bases from the web of data, called rdf bases, are sets of triples. In a rdf base, the ontology – structural data – organize the description of factual data. Since the web of datacreation in 2001, the number and sizes of rdf bases have been constantly rising. This increase has accelerated since the apparition of linked data, which promote the sharing and interlinking of publicly available bases by user communities. The exploitation – interrogation and edition – by theses communities is made without adequateSolution to evaluate the quality of new data, check the current state of the bases or query together a set of bases. This thesis proposes three methods to help the expansion at factual and ontological level and the querying of bases from the web ofData. We propose a method designed to help an expert to check factual data in conflict with the ontology. Finally we propose a method for distributed querying limiting the sending of queries to bases that may contain answers.