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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A study of the ciliotoxicity of some pharmaceutical preservatives

Batts, A. H. January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
2

A multi-scale computational model of fluid transport in the human bronchial airways /

Warren, Nicholas J. January 2010 (has links)
Thesis (PhD--Bioengineering)--University of Auckland, 2010. / "Supervised by Dr. AP M.H. Tawhai and Dr E.J. Crampin." " A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Bioengineering." "Auckland Bioengineering Institute." Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-255).
3

Effects of Adrenergic and Cholinergic Agents and Leukotrienes on Mucociliary Transport Force Measured by Using Frog Palate

SATAKE, TATSUO, TAKAGI, KENZO, NODA, YASUNOBU, YAMAKI, KENICHI 03 1900 (has links)
No description available.
4

Studies on the pathophysiological basis of cystic fibrosis airway disease in newborn pigs

Hoegger, Mark Jeffrey 01 May 2015 (has links)
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common lethal hereditary disease resulting from mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR dysfunction affects multiple organ systems and most morbidity and mortality in CF results from lung disease. The CF lung appears healthy at birth, but spontaneously develops airway disease characterized by infection, inflammation, mucus plugging and airway remodeling. A CF pig model was recently generated to determine the events that initiate lung disease. CF pigs recapitulate many findings seen in humans with CF, including the spontaneous development of lung disease. I used newborn CF pigs to investigate two leading hypotheses regarding CF disease initiation: abnormal airway surface liquid (ASL) composition and defective mucociliary transport (MCT). I developed an assay to study ASL composition and found that CF ASL contained similar sodium concentrations, elevated potassium concentrations, and a decreased fraction of volatile material. I developed an assay to measure MCT in vivo. By tracking individual particles in 3-dimensions I found that newborn pigs exhibit a ventrally directed cilia orientation in the trachea. I also found that MCT is highly heterogeneous and particles traveled at different speeds within airways and between airways, challenging the classic view that airway mucus exists as continuous blanket. Comparing particle transport revealed that non-CF and CF newborn pigs exhibit similar basal particle clearance and speeds. Cholinergic stimulation induces mucus and fluid secretion. Particles became stuck in newborn CF pigs after cholinergic stimulation and stasis persisted with tissue submersion. This challenged the leading hypothesis that attributes CF airway disease pathogenesis to ASL depletion. I hypothesized that adherent mucus impairs mucociliary transport in CF airways and I developed an assay to visualize mucus stasis in submerged tracheal segments ex vivo. CF trachea stimulated in vivo exhibited highly adhesive mucus entities that emerged exclusively from submucosal gland ducts. These adherent entities impaired MCT even with extremely high ASL depths. Non-CF trachea with combinatorial disruption of HCO3- and Cl- transport reproduced the defect in CF signifying that anion transport disruption was responsible for adherent mucus. These data suggest that CFTR disruption directly produces multiple host defense defects, including defective bacterial killing and abnormally adherent mucus. Therapeutic targeting of the described defects may provide new opportunities to intervene early and improve the lives of those with CF.
5

Μελέτη της λειτουργικότητας του κροσσωτού επιθηλίου του βλεννογόνου του ιγμόρειου άντρου μετά από έκχυση ραδιοϊσοτόπου 99Tcm-MAA σε ασθενείς με χρόνια ιγμορίτιδα και συσχέτιση με ευρήματα αξονικής τομογραφίας

Αθανασόπουλος, Ιωάννης 26 January 2009 (has links)
Η ρινοκολπίτιδα οδηγεί τους ασθενείς σε συχνές ιατρικές επισκέψεις. Συντελεί σημαντικά στις δαπάνες για την υγεία, τόσο στις άμεσες λόγω ιατρικών επισκέψεων και φαρμακευτικής αγωγής, όσο και στις έμμεσες που συνδέονται με την απουσία από την εργασία, καθώς και με μια γενικότερη πτώση της παραγωγικότητας που οφείλεται σε μείωση της ποιότητας ζωής των ατόμων που πάσχουν. Η βαθύτερη κατανόηση της παθογένειας και αιτιολογίας της χρόνιας ρινοκολπίτιδας είναι απαραίτητη προκειμένου να αναπτυχθούν αποτελεσματικές θεραπείες. Το ιγμόρειο άντρο αποτελεί το συχνότερο κλινικό εντοπισμό της και χώρο εύκολα προσπελάσιμο για την μελέτη της παθογένειας των παθήσεων των παραρρινίων κόλπων. Η καταστροφή του κροσσωτού επιθήλιου ή η δυσλειτουργία των κροσσών του βλεννογόνου της μύτης και των παραρρινίων κόλπων επηρεάζουν αρνητικά την κάθαρση του βλεννοκροσσωτού επιθηλίου, η οποία αποτελεί έναν από τους μηχανισμούς που διαταράσσεται σε ρινοκολπίτιδα. Η ταχύτητα μεταφοράς του βλεννοκροσσωτού επιθηλίου (mucociliary transport velocity – MTV) που εκτιμάται με το ρινοσπινθηρογράφημα θεωρείται μια αξιόπιστη μέτρηση της κάθαρσης του βλεννοκροσσωτού επιθηλίου. Σχεδιάσαμε την παρούσα μελέτη με σκοπό τη διερεύνηση, μέσω του ρινοσπινθηρογραφήματος, της κάθαρσης του βλεννοκροσσωτού επιθηλίου σε ασθενείς με χρόνια ιγμορίτιδα που αντιμετωπίστηκαν συντηρητικά ή χειρουργικά. Επίσης μελετήσαμε την συσχέτιση της με ευρήματα από την αξονική τομογραφία καθώς και με τη βαρύτητα των συμπτωμάτων του ασθενούς. / Rhinosinusitis leads patients to frequent visits to medical doctors. It greatly contributes to healthcare expenses, directly due to medical visits and medication, as well as indirectly due to the subsequent absence from work and a productivity loss due to patients’ life quality deterioration. The deeper understanding of the cause and pathogenesis of the chronic rhinosinusitis is essential to the development of an effective treatment. The maxillary sinus is the most frequent location and it is easily accessible for the study of the pathogenesis of facial sinuses diseases. The ciliary epithelium destruction or the dysfunction of the nose mucosa’s cilia, negatively influences the mucociliary epithelium clearance, which constitutes one of the mechanisms disrupted in a rhinosinusitis. The Mucociliary Transport Velocity (MTV) which is estimated by the use of rhinoscintigraphy, is concerned a reliable measurement of the clearance of the mucociliary epithelium. We have designed the current study, in order to investigate, through the rhinoscintigraphy, the clearance of the mucociliary epithelium in patients with chronic maxillary sinusitis who were treated conservatively or surgically. Also, we studied its correlation with the CT findings, as well as with the quality of patients’ life.
6

Análise do aparelho mucociliar e das propriedades reológicas do muco respiratório em portadores de câncer pulmonar e extra-pulmonar / Analysis of the respiratory mucus properties in cancer patients concerning the primary site of the disease: pulmonary or extra pulmonary tumors

Souza, Areta Agostinho Rodrigues de 27 November 2009 (has links)
Estudos anteriores (Zayas, 1990) tem sugerido a existência de uma melhor transportabilidade por cílio do muco respiratório de pacientes fumantes que não apresentam câncer de pulmão em comparação com pacientes fumantes com câncer de pulmão e semelhante carga tabágica. Nosso principal objetivo foi verificar esta hipótese. Nós estudamos 16 tabagistas com câncer de pulmão (média carga tabágica = 58,78), 16 tabagistas com câncer extra-pulmonar (média carga tabágica = 53,87) e 11 não Tabagistas com Metástase Pulmonar com indicação de broncoscopia diagnóstica. O muco respiratório foi coletado durante a broncoscopia, usando um pequeno cateter através do canal de aspiração do broncoscopio. A transportabilidade por cílio no palato de rã, ângulo de contato (wetabilidade), transportabilidade pela tosse e viscosidade (cone-plate) e análise morfológica do epitélio respiratório foi realizado. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre os pacientes Tabagistas (Câncer de pulmão e Câncer extra-Pulmonar) para os parâmetros de muco estudos. Da mesma forma não foi encontrada diferença estatística nas análises do muco coletado de um lado do tumor comparado com o lado contralateral. Entretanto, encontramos diferença estatística entre os grupos não tabagistas com Metástase Pulmonar e Tabagistas com câncer Pulmonar e Extra-Pulmonar para os parâmetros de Transportabilidade pela Tosse (p = 0,018), Viscosidade 10 rpm (p= 0,021), FEV 1 (L) (p= 0,028) e FEV 1 (%) (p= 0,042) e diferença estatística nos Tabagistas para Correlação entre carga tabágica e idade (p=0,038) e Viscosidade (p= 0,029). Na análise histologica observamos 10 Tabagistas (60% alteração, sendo, 30% metaplasia escamosa; 20% hyperplasia e 10% epitélio com ausência de cílios) e 15 não Tabagistas (40% com alteração histológica sendo 20% destes com metaplasia escamosa e em pacientes com Câncer pulmonar ou Câncer extra-pulmonar). Não teve diferença na composição das mucinas entre os tabagistas. Concluímos que não há diferença entre as propriedades físicas do muco respiratório de Tabagistas com Câncer de Pulmão e Câncer Extra-Pulmonar com similar carga tabágica e que essas alterações das propriedades físicas do muco respiratório e alterações morfológicas, devem-se mais à exposição dose-tempo da fumaça do cigarro ao epitélio respiratório / Previous study (Zayas 1990) has suggested the existence of a better transportability by cilia in respiratory mucus of smoking patients who did not present lung cancer in comparison to lung cancer patients smoking similar packages/year. Our aim was to verify this hypothesis. We studied 16 smoking patients with lung cancer (mean packages/year = 58,78), 16 smoking patients with extra pulmonary cancer (esophagus and head and neck), (mean packages/year = 53,87), and 11 non-smoking patients (metastasis) that underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy. Respiratory mucus was collected during bronchoscopy, using a small catheter passed through the aspiration channel of the bronchoscope. Mucus transportability in frog palate, contact angle (wettability), transportability by cough and viscosity (cone-plate) as well as morphological analysis the respiratory epithelium were performed. No statistical differences were found between smoking patients (lung and extra pulmonary cancer) in the mucus parameters studied. In the same way, no difference was found in the analysis of mucus samples collected from the tumor side compared to contra lateral samples. Nevertheless, statistical difference between Smoking (Lung Cancer and Extra-Pulmonary Cancer) and non Smoking (metastasis Pulmononary) for valous Clearance by cough (p = 0,018), viscosity 10rpm (p=0,021) FEV 1 (L) (p= 0,028) and FEV1 (%) (p=0,042) and statistical difference for correlation between smoking history and age (p=0,038) and viscosity 10 rpm (p= 0,029). The analysis histological of the 10 smoking, observed 60% of cases with alteration histological (30% with squamous metaplasia; 20% with hyperplasia and 10% with epithelium with cilia absence) and 15 non smoking presented 40% of cases with alteration histological (205 with squamous metaplasia in patients with lung cancer or exra-pulmonary cancer. We conclude that there is no difference between the physical properties of the respiratory mucus of smokers with lung cancer and extra-pulmonary cancer with similar packages/year and that changes in physical properties of respiratory mucus and morphological changes, due to more exposure to the dose-time of cigarette smoke in the respiratory epithelium
7

Estudo dos efeitos da prednisona sobre o sistema mucociliar de ratos / Effects of prednisone on mucociliary system of rats

Braga, Karina Andrighetti de Oliveira 03 November 2010 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: As infecções pulmonares constituem uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade após o transplante pulmonar. O transplante expõe a árvore brônquica a uma série de condições, como à lesão de secção e anastomose brônquica e à ação dos imunossupressores, alterando os componentes do epitélio mucociliar. O sistema mucociliar presente nas vias aéreas do sistema respiratório é o principal mecanismo de defesa do trato respiratório, assim a influência de drogas neste sistema precisa ser investigada. A prednisona é um importante corticosteróide usado após o transplante de pulmão, no entanto seu uso pode estar associado ao aumento da mortalidade no período pós por complicações como baixa cicatrização e infecções. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da secção brônquica e da terapia com prednisona na depuração mucociliar. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 180 ratos machos Wistar distribuídos em 6 grupos (P1, P2, P3, ScP2, ScSal e Sal). Os animais dos grupos P1, P2 e P3 receberam diferentes doses de prednisona (0,625, 1,25 e 2,5 mg/kg/dia); os do grupo ScP2 foram submetidos à cirurgia de secção e anastomose brônquica e terapia com 1.25 mg/kg/dia de prednisona; do grupo ScSal foram submetidos à cirurgia de secção e anastomose brônquica e gavagem diária de solução fisiológica; por fim, os animais do grupo Sal receberam gavagem de solução fisiológica. Após o período de tratamento (7, 15 ou 30 dias), os animais foram sacrificados, e as medidas de freqüência de batimento ciliar (FBC), velocidade de transporte mucociliar (VTMC) e transportabilidade do muco (TM) coletadas. Para avaliar os efeitos da droga realizamos a análise estatística comparativa entre os grupos P1, P2, P3 e Sal. Para avaliar a possível interação da droga com o procedimento cirúrgico comparamos os grupos ScP2, ScSal e P2. RESULTADOS: A administração das diferentes doses de prednisona estudadas prejudicaram a TM e a dosagem mais alta (P3) diminuiu a VTMC. Os animais submetidos à secção e anastomose brônquica mostraram redução significativa de VTMC e FBC após 7 e 15 dias da cirurgia (p<0.001) Observamos a recuperação desses parâmetros após 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico. A droga melhorou a TM dos animais submetidos à secção e anastomose brônquica (p<0,02). CONCLUSÕES: Altas dosagens de prednisona prejudicam a depuração mucociliar. A terapia com prednisona associada à cirurgia de secção e anastomose brônquica não altera a depuração mucociliar visto que, apesar de melhorar a transportabilidade do muco, a freqüência de batimento ciliar e a velocidade de transporte mucociliar não são influenciadas / INTRODUCTION: Infections have been and still are the major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Since mucociliary clearance (MCC) plays an important role on the human defense mechanism, the influence of drugs on MCC of patients submitted to lung transplantation must be examined. Prednisone is the most important corticosteroid used after lung transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bronchial transection and prednisone therapy (P) on mucociliary clearance. METHODS: 180 rats were assigned to 6 groups (P1, P2, P3, ScSal, e Sal) according to surgical procedure or drug therapy: P1 (0.625mg/kg/day), P2 (1.25 mg/kg/day), P3 (2.5mg/kg/day), ScP2 (bronchial section and reanastomosis + 1.25 mg/kg/day ), Sal (saline solution 2ml/day) and ScSal (bronchial section + saline solution 2ml/day). After 7, 15 or 30 days they were killed and lungs were removed from thoracic cavity. Mucociliary transport velocity (MCTV), ciliary beting frequency (CBF) and mucus transportability (MT) were evaluated. RESULTS: The administration of different doses of prednisone studied harmed MT and the highest dosage (P3) decreased MCTV. FBC and MCTV was significantly impaired 7 and 15 days after bronchial transection and reanastomosis (p<0.001), but they showed a partial recovery on the 30th day after surgery procedure. Prednisone therapy improved MT after surgery procedure (p<0,02). CONCLUSION: High dosages of prednisone affect mucociliary clearance. The Prednisone therapy after section and reanastomosis surgery not affect mucociliary clearance since, despite improving MT, the CBF and MCTV are not influenced
8

Efeitos do oxigênio umidificado e não umidificado via cateter nasal sobre o transporte mucociliar e muco nasal / The effects of humidified and dry oxygen via nasal catheter on mucociliary clearance and mucus

Franchini, Michelle Lisidati 04 March 2016 (has links)
O transporte mucociliar (TMC) é um mecanismo básico de defesa do sistema respiratório necessário na resistência à infecção. A efetividade desse mecanismo de defesa depende da composição e profundidade do muco, da integridade e da função dos cílios e da interação muco-cílio. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos crônicos do oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo via cateter nasal com e sem umidificação sobre o TMC nasal, nas propriedades físicas do muco, na inflamação e nos sintomas de vias aéreas em pacientes com hipoxemia crônica com necessidade de oxigenoterapia domiciliar de longo prazo (>15 horas/dia). Dezoito pacientes (idade média de 68 anos, 7 do sexo masculino, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) médio de 26 kg/m2, 66% com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), 60% com hipertensão arterial (HAS) e ex-tabagistas) iniciando oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo via cateter nasal foram randomizados para o grupo Oxigênio Seco (n=10) ou Oxigênio Umidificado (n=9). Os pacientes foram avaliados nos tempos: basal, 12 horas, 7 dias, 30 dias, 12 meses e 24 meses para o TMC nasal por meio do teste de trânsito da sacarina, as propriedades físicas do muco por meio de ângulo de contato, a inflamação por meio de quantificação do número total de células e diferenciais e da concentração de citocinas no lavado nasal assim como para sintomas por meio do questionário SNOT-20. O sintoma mais importante relatado por pacientes no basal foi tosse que melhorou após 7 dias de oxigenoterapia. No nosso estudo, os pacientes de ambos grupos apresentaram prolongamento significativo (40%) do TMC nasal ao longo do estudo. O lavado nasal mostrou um aumento das proporções de neutrófilos, das células caliciformes e da concentração do fator de crescimento epidermal (EGF) assim como reduções em macrófagos e concentrações de interferon alfa (IFN-alfa), interleucina (IL)-8 e IL-10 ao longo do estudo. Não houve alterações na proporção de células ciliadas, na concentração de IL-6 e no ângulo de contato do muco em ambos os grupos. A tosse e os sintomas de sono diminuiram significativamente em ambos os grupos. Nosso estudo sugere que a umidificação não tem impacto sobre o TMC nasal, as propriedades do muco, a inflamação e os sintomas em pacientes com baixo fluxo de oxigênio via cateter nasal (BFON) / Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a basic defense mechanism of the respiratory system against respiratory infection. The efficiency of this defense mechanism depends on the mucus composition and mucus depth, on the cilia integrity and function and the mucus-cilia interaction. The aim of this study was investigate the long-term effects of low-flow oxygen via nasal catheter (NLFO) using dry oxygen (Dried-NLFO) or humidified oxygen (Humidified-NLFO) on nasal mucociliary clearance, mucus properties, inflammation and symptoms in patients with chronic hypoxemia requiring long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy ( > 15 hours/day). Eighteen patients (mean age of 68 years, 7 male, mean BMI of 26 kg/m2, 66% COPD, 60% hypertensive and former smokers) initiating NLFO were randomized to Dried-NLFO (n=10) or Humidified-NLFO (n=9). Patients were assessed at baseline and along 12 hours, 7 days, 30 days, 12 months and 24 months for nasal MCC using saccharine test, mucus properties by means of contact angle, inflammation using total number of cells and cytokines concentration in nasal lavage fluid as well as symptoms by SNOT-20 questionnaire. The most important airway symptom reported by patients at baseline was cough that improved after 7 days of oxygen therapy. In our study, nasal MCC prolonged significantly (40%) and similarly in both groups along the study. Nasal lavage showed increased proportions of neutrophils, goblet cells and epidermal growth factor concentration as decreases in macrophages, IFN-a lfa, IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations along the study. No changes in the proportion of ciliated cells, IL-6 and mucus contact angle were observed in both groups. Coughing and sleep symptoms significantly decreased similarly in both groups. Our study suggests that humidification does not impact on nasal MCC, mucus properties, inflammation and symptoms in patients using NLFO
9

Efeitos imediatos da circulação extracorpórea sobre o sistema mucociliar / Immediate effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on mucociliary system

Veliz, Rodrigo Sanchez 28 March 2011 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A circulação extracorpórea (CEC) é um fator etiológico importante para a lesão pulmonar, observada após cirurgia cardíaca. No entanto, o impacto da CEC na função mucociliar respiratória é desconhecido. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos imediatos da CEC sobre o sistema de transporte mucociliar. MÉTODOS: 22 porcos mestiços das raças Large White e Landrace com peso entre 33 a 47 kg alocados nos grupos controle (n = 10) e CEC (n = 12) completaram o estudo. As técnicas de anestesia e ventilação mecânica foram padronizadas. Após a indução da anestesia, foi realizada traqueostomia e uma amostra do tecido traqueal foi excisado (T0) em ambos os grupos. Todos os animais foram submetidos a toracotomia e CEC aorto-bicaval foi instalada no grupo CEC e mantida durante 90 minutos. Após o desmame da CEC (T90), uma segunda amostra do tecido traqueal foi obtida 180 minutos após a traqueostomia (T180). Amostras de muco foram coletadas na traquéia por meio de broncoscopia em T0, T90 e T180. Frequência de batimento ciliar (FBC) e transporte mucociliar in situ (TMC) foram estudados em epitélio traqueal ex vivo. As características do muco respiratório in vitro foram estudadas por transportabilidade ciliar no palato de rã (VTM), Transporte do muco respiratório in vitro pela tosse (TMT), Ângulo de contato (AC) e da viscosidade do muco por viscosímetro Cone-Plate (VM). RESULTADOS: A FBC diminuiu no grupo CEC (13,09 ± 1,91 Hz vs 11,06 ± 2,1 Hz, p <0,05), mas não no grupo controle (13,42 ± 0,96 Hz vs 12, 98 ± 2,84 Hz). No momento T90, a viscosidade aparente avaliado em 100 RPM estava aumentada no grupo CEC em relação ao controle. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no TMC, VTM, TMT e AC. No grupo de CEC, foi percebida a perda do epitélio ciliado, edema submucoso e infiltração de células inflamatórias na avaliação histológica da traqueia. CONCLUSÃO: A CEC compromete agudamente o sistema de transporte mucociliar traqueal. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar se esse comportamento tem implicações clínicas / BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an important etiologic factor for lung injury observed after cardiac surgery. However, the impact of CPB on respiratory mucociliary function is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the immediate effects of CPB on mucociliary transport system. METHODS: Twenty-two mixed breed of Large White and Landrace pigs with weight between 33 to 47kg assigned to control (n=10) and CPB groups (n=12) completed the study. The techniques of anesthesia and mechanical ventilation were standardized. After anesthesia induction, tracheotomy was performed and a tracheal tissue sample was excised (T0) in both groups. All animals underwent thoracotomy and aorto-bicaval CPB was installed in CPB group and maintained during 90 minutes. After weaning from CPB (T90), a second tracheal tissue sample was obtained 180 minutes after tracheotomy (T180). Mucus samples were collected from the trachea using a bronchoscope at T0, T90 and T180. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and in situ mucociliary transport (MCT) were studied in ex vivo tracheal epithelium. In vitro respiratory mucus characteristics were studied by mucociliary transportability in frog palate (MT), Cough clearance (CC), Contact angle (CA) and the mucus viscosity by Cone-Plate viscometer (MV). RESULTS: CBF decreased in CPB group (13.09 ± 1.91 Hz vs. 11.06 ± 2.1 Hz, p < 0.05) but not in control group (13.42 ± 0.96 Hz vs. 12.98 ± 2.84 Hz). At T90 Apparent viscosity evaluated at 100 RPM increased in CPB group compared to control. No significant differences were observed in MCT, MT, CA and CC. In CPB group, it was observed loss of ciliated epithelia, submucosal edema and inflammatory cells infiltration in tracheal histology. CONCLUSION: CPB acutely compromise the tracheal mucociliary transport system. New studies are necessary to investigate if this behavior has any clinical implication
10

Efeitos do envelhecimento, isolado e associado ao diabetes e/ou à hipertensão sobre o transporte mucociliar e propriedades físicas do muco nasal / The effects of aging, isolated and associated with diabetes and/or hypertension on nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus properties

Oliveira, Janaína Proença de 15 December 2011 (has links)
A pneumonia é uma das principais causas de morte na população idosa. O prejuízo do transporte mucociliar pode aumentar a susceptibilidade à infecção respiratória. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos do envelhecimento, isolado e combinado com diabetes ou hipertensão, sobre a transporte mucociliar nasal e as propriedades do muco. De 440 pacientes contactados por telefone, 252 pessoas participaram do estudo: 79 saudáveis (18-94 anos, 50 homens), 38 indivíduos com diabetes (14-85 anos, 13 homens), 51 indivíduos com hipertensão (23-90 anos, 12 homens) e 84 indivíduos com diabetes e hipertensão (18-84 anos, 33 homens). Os indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos principais, saudável e co-morbidade. Cada grupo foi separado em três sub-grupos de faixas etárias: (a) <40 anos, (b) 40-59 anos e (c) 60 anos. Foram avaliados os dados demográficos, os dados clínicos, o questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-36, o pH nasal, o transporte mucociliar nasal por meio do teste de tempo de trânsito da sacarina (TTS), as propriedades do muco in vitro por meio da transportabilidade do muco por alto fluxo e o ângulo de contato. Neste estudo, observamos no grupo saudável uma maior frequência de mulheres (p=0,040) no sub-grupo 60 anos (70%) comparado com <40 anos (35%) e 40-59 anos (22%). Nos indivíduos saudáveis não observamos diferença entre as faixas etárias quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: sumário do componente físico do SF-36 (51±7), sumário do componente mental do SF-36 (51±9), pressão arterial sistólica (116±7 mmHg), pressão arterial diastólica (76±6 mmHg), freqüência cardíaca (74±10 bpm), frequência respiratória (17±3 rpm), oximetria de pulso (97±1%), glicemia (98±8 mg/dl), pH nasal (6,7±1,3), TTS (9,5±2,7 min), transportabilidade do muco por alto fluxo (46±18 mm) e ângulo de contato do muco (42±7°). No entanto, no grupo co-morbidade, o subgrupo 60 anos apresentou aumento do índice de massa corpórea (p=0,021), da pressão arterial sistólica (p<0,001), da frequência respiratória (p<0,001) e do TTS (p=0,003) e redução do sumário do componente físico SF-36 (p<0,001) em comparação com o sub-grupo <40 anos. Observamos correlação entre TTS e idade associada a co-morbidades (p<0,001). Nosso estudo sugere que o envelhecimento combinado com o diabetes e/ou a hipertensão podem reduzir a eficiência do transporte mucociliar nasal / Pneumonia is a leading cause of death in elderly populations. Impairment of mucociliary clearance may increase susceptibility to respiratory infection. We aimed to evaluate the effects of aging alone and in combination with diabetes or hypertension on nasal mucociliary clearance and mucus properties. Of 440 subjects contacted by telephone, 252 entered the study: 79 healthy subjects (18-94 yrs, 50 male); 38 with diabetes (14-85 yrs, 13 male); 51 with hypertension (23-90 yrs, 12 male); and 84 with both diabetes and hypertension (18-84 yrs, 33 male). The subjects were divided into healthy and co-morbid groups. Each group was separated into three subgroups by age: (a) <40 yrs, (b) 40-59 yrs, and (c) 60 yrs. We assessed demographic data, clinical data, quality of life questionnaire (SF-36), nasal pH, nasal mucociliary clearance using the saccharine transit test (STT) and in vitro mucus properties by examining the high-flow clearability and contact angle. In this study, in the healthy group there was a high frequency of female (p=0.040) in the sub-group 60 yrs (70%) compared with <40 yrs (35%) and 40-59 yrs (22%). In healthy group, there were no differences between age groups in SF-36 physical component summary (51±7), SF-36 mental component summary (51±9), systolic blood pressure (116±7 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (78±6 mmHg), heart rate (74±10 bpm), respiratory rate (17±3), pulse oximetry (97±1%), glycemia (98±8 mg/dl), nasal pH (6.7±1.3), STT (9.5±2.7 min), high-flow clearability (46±18 mm), and mucus contact angle (42±7o). In the co-morbid group, however, subjects aged 60 yrs had higher body mass indices (p=0.021), systolic blood pressures (p<0.001), respiratory rate (p<0.001), STT (p=0.003) and decreased SF-36 physical component summary scores (p<0.001) compared to the subjects aged <40 yrs. There was a significant correlation between STT and aging associated with co-morbid conditions (p<0.001). Our study suggests that aging combined with diabetes and/or hypertension can reduce nasal mucociliary clearance efficiency

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