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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

C-type natriuretic peptide restores growth impairment under enzyme replacement in mice with mucopolysaccharidosis VII / C型ナトリウム利尿ペプチド投与治療は欠損酵素補充治療を併用することでムコ多糖症Ⅶ型マウスの成長障害を回復させる

Yamashita, Takafumi 23 September 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22726号 / 医博第4644号 / 新制||医||1045(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 戸口田 淳也, 教授 柳田 素子, 教授 滝田 順子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
62

Circulatory C-type natriuretic peptide reduces mucopolysaccharidosis-associated craniofacial hypoplasia in vivo / ムコ多糖症に生じる顎顔面形態異常はC型ナトリウム利尿ペプチドの血中濃度上昇により改善される

Kashiwagi, Marina 23 May 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24787号 / 医博第4979号 / 新制||医||1066(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 秀一, 教授 森本 尚樹, 教授 安達 泰治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
63

Purification of human recombinant Naglu from Sf9 cells and uptake studies with MPS IIIB fibroblasts

Ashmead, Rhea 15 July 2019 (has links)
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPS IIIB) is a rare, metabolic disorder that results from a deficiency in the lysosomal hydrolase, α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Naglu). Naglu is a housekeeping enzyme involved in the degradation pathway of heparan sulfate. A deficiency in active Naglu leads to an accumulation of heparan sulfate within the lysosome, initiating a pathological cascade within the cell. Patients with MPS IIIB experience progressive central nervous system degeneration and die within the first few decades of life. Presently, enzyme replacement therapy, which is a standard of care for other lysosomal storage disorders, is an ineffective treatment for MPS IIIB. This is due to impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to exogenous recombinant enzymes. A promising approach to this therapeutic obstacle is protein transduction domains. Protein transduction domains have been shown to facilitate the delivery of active enzyme across the BBB in mice. Previously, our laboratory used Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cell system to express human recombinant Naglu fused to a synthetic protein transduction domain (PTD4). The purpose was to use PTD4 to the facilitate the delivery of Naglu across biological membranes, including the blood-brain barrier. However, a missing stop codon following PTD4 limited its transducibility. The stop codon was re-introduced and the improved fusion enzyme, Naglu-PTD4X, was stably expressed in Sf9 cells. The overarching goal of this project is to create a large-scale production of human recombinant Naglu that has the potential to be used to treat the neuropathology of patients with MPS IIIB. This project used a three-step purification system to purify Naglu-PTD4X. Uptake of Naglu-PTD4X was assessed in MPS IIIB fibroblasts using a fluorogenic activity assay, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. Our purification system was successful at purifying Naglu-PTD4X to homogeneity with a 26% yield and specific activity of 84,000 units/mg. An increase in Naglu activity was detected in MPS IIIB fibroblasts following incubation with Naglu-PTD4X. Future directions will focus on optimizing immunodetection and conducting BBB penetration studies in murine models. / Graduate / 2020-06-21
64

Tratamento inovador da compressão medular com reposição enzimática intratecal nas mucopolissacaridoses tipos I e VI : relato de uma série de casos / Innovative treatment of cord compression with trathecal enzyme replacement therapy in mucopolysaccharidoses I and VI: report of a case series

Munõz Rojas, Maria Verônica January 2010 (has links)
As mucopolissacaridoses apresentam uma história natural progressiva, causada por defeitos no metabolismo dos glicosaminoglicanos. Frequentemente graves, as mucopolissacaridoses encurtam de forma considerável a expectativa de vida do paciente. Apesar de que em muitos casos a função intelectual é normal, morbidade neurológica considerável pode ser causada por compressão medular secundária ao acúmulo de glicosaminoglicanos nas meninges. O tratamento deste problema pode requerer a descompressão medular através de laminectomia cervical. A terapia de reposição enzimática endovenosa, para o tratamento de mucopolissacaridose, reduz o acúmulo lisossômico e alivia muitos dos sintomas da doença, porém não oferece benefício direto para o sistema nervoso central uma vez que não atravessa a barreira hemato-encefálica. Esta limitação da reposição enzimática endovenosa levou alguns pesquisadores a trabalhar com uma nova opção de via de liberação medicamentosa de alcance direto no sistema nervoso central, aproveitando o extenso contato que existe entre o líquido cefaloraquidiano e as meninges e com as granulações aracnoideas, para o tratamento de algumas doenças de depósito lisossomal. Estudos em modelos animais têm sido conduzidos e com resultados promissores. Este trabalho se propõe a estudar uma nova via de administração da enzima recombinante, diretamente no espaço liquórico que foi utilizada em dois pacientes com MPS I e em um paciente com MPS VI, com acesso a esta terapêutica através de uso compassivo individual aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética, no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Até então, apenas estudos animais haviam sido realizados abordando esta via de acesso em doenças de depósito lisossomal e estes pacientes foram os primeiros indivíduos com MPS no mundo a receber terapia de reposição intratecal para o tratamento de compressão medular sintomática por depósito de glicosaminoglicanos. Em 2005 um paciente adulto com MPS I apresentando compressão medular foi incluído em um protocolo de terapia de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Em 2006 uma menina com MPS I apresentando compressão cervical medular sintomática também recebeu terapia de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Em 2007 um menino com MPS VI e com compressão medular cervical também foi tratado através de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo neste mesmo hospital. / The mucopolysaccharidoses present a progressive natural course caused by defects on glycosaminoglycan degradation pathways. Usually severe, the mucopolysaccharidoses considerably shorten patient lifespan. Although in many cases the cognitive function is preserved, considerable neurological morbidity can be present due to spinal cord compression which is secondary to glycosaminoglycan storage in the meninges. Treatment for this complication usually requires surgical intervention with cervical laminectomy for thickened meninges removal. Enzyme replacement therapy used for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses reduces lysosomal storage and ameliorates many somatic symptoms but does not provide any direct benefit to central nervous system as the enzyme does not cross the blood-brain-barrier. Due to this limitation of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy some researchers have been working with an alternative option of enzyme delivery with direct action on central nervous system through the extensive close contact provided by cefalo-spinal fluid and meniniges and arachnoid villosities, to the treatment of some lysosomal disorders. Animal model studies have been conducted and some promising results have been achieved. This study intends to present an alternative route for the administration of a recombinant enzyme, directly in the cefalo-spinal fluid, which was used in two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I and one patient with mucopolysaccharidois VI. These patients gained access to this therapy by individual compassionate use enrollment approved by local Ethics Board at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. So far, only animal model trials had been conducted with the use of this administration route in lysosomal storage diseases, and these were the first three patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and cord compression to receive intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in the world. In 2005, an adult mucopolysaccharidosis I patient presenting cervical cord compression was enrolled in a compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy, at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In 2006, a girl with mucopolysaccharidosis I presenting spinal cord compression was also enrolled in a compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy, at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In 2007, a boy with mucopolysaccharidosis VI and cord compression was enrolled in compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in the same hospital.
65

Tratamento inovador da compressão medular com reposição enzimática intratecal nas mucopolissacaridoses tipos I e VI : relato de uma série de casos / Innovative treatment of cord compression with trathecal enzyme replacement therapy in mucopolysaccharidoses I and VI: report of a case series

Munõz Rojas, Maria Verônica January 2010 (has links)
As mucopolissacaridoses apresentam uma história natural progressiva, causada por defeitos no metabolismo dos glicosaminoglicanos. Frequentemente graves, as mucopolissacaridoses encurtam de forma considerável a expectativa de vida do paciente. Apesar de que em muitos casos a função intelectual é normal, morbidade neurológica considerável pode ser causada por compressão medular secundária ao acúmulo de glicosaminoglicanos nas meninges. O tratamento deste problema pode requerer a descompressão medular através de laminectomia cervical. A terapia de reposição enzimática endovenosa, para o tratamento de mucopolissacaridose, reduz o acúmulo lisossômico e alivia muitos dos sintomas da doença, porém não oferece benefício direto para o sistema nervoso central uma vez que não atravessa a barreira hemato-encefálica. Esta limitação da reposição enzimática endovenosa levou alguns pesquisadores a trabalhar com uma nova opção de via de liberação medicamentosa de alcance direto no sistema nervoso central, aproveitando o extenso contato que existe entre o líquido cefaloraquidiano e as meninges e com as granulações aracnoideas, para o tratamento de algumas doenças de depósito lisossomal. Estudos em modelos animais têm sido conduzidos e com resultados promissores. Este trabalho se propõe a estudar uma nova via de administração da enzima recombinante, diretamente no espaço liquórico que foi utilizada em dois pacientes com MPS I e em um paciente com MPS VI, com acesso a esta terapêutica através de uso compassivo individual aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética, no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Até então, apenas estudos animais haviam sido realizados abordando esta via de acesso em doenças de depósito lisossomal e estes pacientes foram os primeiros indivíduos com MPS no mundo a receber terapia de reposição intratecal para o tratamento de compressão medular sintomática por depósito de glicosaminoglicanos. Em 2005 um paciente adulto com MPS I apresentando compressão medular foi incluído em um protocolo de terapia de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Em 2006 uma menina com MPS I apresentando compressão cervical medular sintomática também recebeu terapia de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Em 2007 um menino com MPS VI e com compressão medular cervical também foi tratado através de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo neste mesmo hospital. / The mucopolysaccharidoses present a progressive natural course caused by defects on glycosaminoglycan degradation pathways. Usually severe, the mucopolysaccharidoses considerably shorten patient lifespan. Although in many cases the cognitive function is preserved, considerable neurological morbidity can be present due to spinal cord compression which is secondary to glycosaminoglycan storage in the meninges. Treatment for this complication usually requires surgical intervention with cervical laminectomy for thickened meninges removal. Enzyme replacement therapy used for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses reduces lysosomal storage and ameliorates many somatic symptoms but does not provide any direct benefit to central nervous system as the enzyme does not cross the blood-brain-barrier. Due to this limitation of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy some researchers have been working with an alternative option of enzyme delivery with direct action on central nervous system through the extensive close contact provided by cefalo-spinal fluid and meniniges and arachnoid villosities, to the treatment of some lysosomal disorders. Animal model studies have been conducted and some promising results have been achieved. This study intends to present an alternative route for the administration of a recombinant enzyme, directly in the cefalo-spinal fluid, which was used in two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I and one patient with mucopolysaccharidois VI. These patients gained access to this therapy by individual compassionate use enrollment approved by local Ethics Board at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. So far, only animal model trials had been conducted with the use of this administration route in lysosomal storage diseases, and these were the first three patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and cord compression to receive intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in the world. In 2005, an adult mucopolysaccharidosis I patient presenting cervical cord compression was enrolled in a compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy, at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In 2006, a girl with mucopolysaccharidosis I presenting spinal cord compression was also enrolled in a compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy, at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In 2007, a boy with mucopolysaccharidosis VI and cord compression was enrolled in compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in the same hospital.
66

Tratamento inovador da compressão medular com reposição enzimática intratecal nas mucopolissacaridoses tipos I e VI : relato de uma série de casos / Innovative treatment of cord compression with trathecal enzyme replacement therapy in mucopolysaccharidoses I and VI: report of a case series

Munõz Rojas, Maria Verônica January 2010 (has links)
As mucopolissacaridoses apresentam uma história natural progressiva, causada por defeitos no metabolismo dos glicosaminoglicanos. Frequentemente graves, as mucopolissacaridoses encurtam de forma considerável a expectativa de vida do paciente. Apesar de que em muitos casos a função intelectual é normal, morbidade neurológica considerável pode ser causada por compressão medular secundária ao acúmulo de glicosaminoglicanos nas meninges. O tratamento deste problema pode requerer a descompressão medular através de laminectomia cervical. A terapia de reposição enzimática endovenosa, para o tratamento de mucopolissacaridose, reduz o acúmulo lisossômico e alivia muitos dos sintomas da doença, porém não oferece benefício direto para o sistema nervoso central uma vez que não atravessa a barreira hemato-encefálica. Esta limitação da reposição enzimática endovenosa levou alguns pesquisadores a trabalhar com uma nova opção de via de liberação medicamentosa de alcance direto no sistema nervoso central, aproveitando o extenso contato que existe entre o líquido cefaloraquidiano e as meninges e com as granulações aracnoideas, para o tratamento de algumas doenças de depósito lisossomal. Estudos em modelos animais têm sido conduzidos e com resultados promissores. Este trabalho se propõe a estudar uma nova via de administração da enzima recombinante, diretamente no espaço liquórico que foi utilizada em dois pacientes com MPS I e em um paciente com MPS VI, com acesso a esta terapêutica através de uso compassivo individual aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética, no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Até então, apenas estudos animais haviam sido realizados abordando esta via de acesso em doenças de depósito lisossomal e estes pacientes foram os primeiros indivíduos com MPS no mundo a receber terapia de reposição intratecal para o tratamento de compressão medular sintomática por depósito de glicosaminoglicanos. Em 2005 um paciente adulto com MPS I apresentando compressão medular foi incluído em um protocolo de terapia de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Em 2006 uma menina com MPS I apresentando compressão cervical medular sintomática também recebeu terapia de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Em 2007 um menino com MPS VI e com compressão medular cervical também foi tratado através de reposição enzimática intratecal por uso compassivo neste mesmo hospital. / The mucopolysaccharidoses present a progressive natural course caused by defects on glycosaminoglycan degradation pathways. Usually severe, the mucopolysaccharidoses considerably shorten patient lifespan. Although in many cases the cognitive function is preserved, considerable neurological morbidity can be present due to spinal cord compression which is secondary to glycosaminoglycan storage in the meninges. Treatment for this complication usually requires surgical intervention with cervical laminectomy for thickened meninges removal. Enzyme replacement therapy used for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses reduces lysosomal storage and ameliorates many somatic symptoms but does not provide any direct benefit to central nervous system as the enzyme does not cross the blood-brain-barrier. Due to this limitation of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy some researchers have been working with an alternative option of enzyme delivery with direct action on central nervous system through the extensive close contact provided by cefalo-spinal fluid and meniniges and arachnoid villosities, to the treatment of some lysosomal disorders. Animal model studies have been conducted and some promising results have been achieved. This study intends to present an alternative route for the administration of a recombinant enzyme, directly in the cefalo-spinal fluid, which was used in two patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I and one patient with mucopolysaccharidois VI. These patients gained access to this therapy by individual compassionate use enrollment approved by local Ethics Board at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. So far, only animal model trials had been conducted with the use of this administration route in lysosomal storage diseases, and these were the first three patients with mucopolysaccharidoses and cord compression to receive intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in the world. In 2005, an adult mucopolysaccharidosis I patient presenting cervical cord compression was enrolled in a compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy, at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In 2006, a girl with mucopolysaccharidosis I presenting spinal cord compression was also enrolled in a compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy, at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. In 2007, a boy with mucopolysaccharidosis VI and cord compression was enrolled in compassionate use trial of intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in the same hospital.
67

Lentiviral vector mediated haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA

Langford-Smith, Alexander William Walker January 2012 (has links)
Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo) is comprised of four phenotypically similar lysosomal storage disorders (MPS IIIA-D) caused by the deficiency of enzymes that catabolise heparan sulphate (HS). Progressive accumulation of HS results in abnormal behaviour, progressive cognitive and motor impairment and death in mid-teens. There are currently no treatments for MPS III. To assess the effect of novel therapeutics in the mouse models of MPS III it is necessary to examine the effect on primary storage of HS, secondary storage and behaviour. The reported behaviour of MPS IIIA and B mice is conflicting therefore we developed a one-hour open field test, performed at the same time of day during a period of hyperactivity observed in a previous circadian rhythm study of MPS IIIB mice. At 8 months of age MPS IIIB mice were hyperactive, with increased rapid exploratory behaviour and a reduction in immobility time. The MPS IIIA mice presented with the same behavioural phenotype as the MPS IIIB mice and were significantly hyperactive at 4 and 6 months of age and also displayed a reduced sense of danger. The hyperactivity and reduced sense of danger observed in the mice is consistent with the patient phenotype. Whilst haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the standard therapy used to treat the similar HS storage disorder MPS I Hurler, it is ineffectual in MPS IIIA. We hypothesise that HSCT failure in MPS IIIA is due to insufficient enzyme production in the brain by donor-derived microglial cells. By increasing expression of N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase (SGSH) we may be able to treat MPS IIIA. Therefore we compared the effect of HSCT using normal haematopoietic stem cells (WT-HSCT) to lentiviral overexpression of SGSH in normal cells (LV-WT-HSCT) or MPS IIIA cells (LV-IIIA-HSCT) in MPS IIIA mice, using the behavioural tests developed.SGSH activity in the brain of MPS IIIA recipients was not significantly increased by WT-HSCT, but was significantly increased by LV-IIIA-HSCT and LV-WT-HSCT. HS was significantly reduced by all transplants but the best treatment was LV-WT-HSCT. Neuroinflammation, indicated by the number of microglia in the brain, was significantly reduced by all treatments but remains significantly elevated. GM2 gangliosides were significantly reduced by WT-HSCT and LV-WT-HSCT and were no longer significantly elevated, but LV-IIIA-HSCT had no significant effect. Critically LV-WT-HSCT corrected the behaviour at 4 and 6 months of age whilst the other treatments had no significant effect. LV-WT-HSCT and WT-HSCT reduced GM2 gangliosides and neuroinflammation equally but only LV-WT-HSCT corrected behaviour and primary HS storage, suggesting they are the important factors in MPS IIIA pathology. LV-WT-HSCT corrects the neurological phenotype in MPS IIIA mice and is a clinically viable approach to treat MPS IIIA and other neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders.
68

Avaliação clínico-laboratorial dos pacientes com mucopolissacaridose tipos I,II e VI em terapia de reposição enzimática (TRE) / Clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis types I, II and VI receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)

José Francisco da Silva Franco 13 January 2016 (has links)
Introdução: As mucopolissacaridoses (MPSs) são doenças de depósito lisossômico causadas por deficiências enzimáticas envolvidas na degradação dos glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs). As MPSs dos tipos I, II e VI decorrem da deficiência das enzimas alfa-L-iduronidase, iduronato-2-sulfatase e Nacetilgalactosamina 4-sulfatase, respectivamente. As manifestações clínicas são multissistêmicas e progressivas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a evolução clínica e laboratorial de pacientes com Mucopolissacaridose I, II e VI, em terapia de reposição enzimática (TRE). Métodos: Foram avaliados 27 pacientes com MPS (13 MPS I, 8 MPS II e 6 MPS VI), com diagnóstico confirmado pela dosagem enzimática e GAGs urinários, acompanhados em três centros de referência para TRE. Resultados: Cinco pacientes eram casos familiares (3 MPS I e 2 MPS VI). Todos os indivíduos estudados nasceram sem alterações clínicas e as mães relataram o aparecimento dos sintomas (alteração da face, aumento do volume abdominal, rigidez articular e déficit de crescimento) a partir dos 6 meses a 8 anos de idade, MPS I-Hurler (média 7m), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (média 2a), MPS I- Scheie (6a10m), MPS II (média 3a6m) e MPS VI (média 1a). A idade ao diagnóstico foi: MPS I-H (média 1a6m), I-HS (média 4a8m) e I-S (média 13a7m), MPS II e VI (média 5a). Entre os pacientes avaliados, observaram-se cinco casos familiais, sendo uma família com duas irmãs com MPS VI e outra família com dois irmãos e um primo com MPS I-S. Todos os pacientes apresentaram dismorfismos faciais típicos, associados a outros achados frequentes: restrição articular, mãos em garra, macrocefalia, baixa estatura, déficit ponderal. Pacientes com atraso no DNPM e/ou deficiência intelectual foram: Hurler (3/3), Hurler-Scheie (3/5) e MPS II (4/8). A idade do início da TRE foi de 1a2m a 31a9m. O tempo de TRE variou de 40 semanas a 556 semanas (média 259 semanas). Ao diagnóstico, todos os pacientes I, II e VI apresentaram o nível de GAGs urinários aumentado de 2 a 13 vezes o valor de referência para a idade. Aproximadamente 26 semanas após TRE, houve redução de GAGs urinários com a normalização do nível em 12/27 (44%) e o valor ainda um pouco acima do normal em 15/27(56%). Antes da TRE, 24/26 (92%) pacientes apresentaram alterações ecocardiográficas, e a despeito da TRE, houve persistência ou progressão das anormalidades. A polissonografia foi realizada em 10 pacientes antes da TRE sendo constatada a Síndrome da Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) em nove pacientes (2 Hurler, 3 HurlerScheie, 3 MPS II e 1 MPS VI). Mesmo com o uso da TRE observou-se aumento do índice de apneias. As reações às infusões foram observadas em 55% dos pacientes (15/27), a maioria, presente nas primeiras semanas de infusão. Elas consistiram de: erupção cutânea, HAS, febre e broncoespasmo, revertidas após o uso de anti-histamínicos, antitérmicos e/ou redução da velocidade da infusão. As reações mais graves foram encontradas em dois pacientes. As principais complicações clínicas diagnosticadas, antes da TRE, foram: HAS (25%), perda auditiva (37%) e hidrocefalia (15%). Durante a TRE, houve aumento das frequências das complicações: HAS (37%), perda auditiva (59%) e hidrocefalia (22%). Entre os pacientes submetidos a intervenções cirúrgicas, cinco apresentaram complicações anestésicas e dois faleceram durante o procedimento. Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou heterogeneidade clínica pela variabilidade inter e intrafamilial. A utilização da TRE é capaz de atenuar, mas não de impedir a progressão da doença, cuja mortalidade permanece elevada. O diagnóstico precoce e a instituição da TRE pode modificar substancialmente a história natural da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida / Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are lisosomal storage disorders caused by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) enzymatic catabolism deficiencies, leading to mucopolysaccharides organ and tissues deposition. MPS types I, II and VI are due to deficiency of respectively, alpha-L-iduronidase, iduronate-2sulfatase and N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase. Clinical manifestations are progressive and multisystemic. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory data of patients with MPS types I, II and VI receiving Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT). Methods: This study involved 27 patients with MPS (13 MPS I; 8 MPS II and 6 MPS VI) diagnosed by enzymatic and urinary GAGs measurement, followed in three reference centers for ERT. Results: Five patients were familial cases (3 MPS I and 2 MPS VI). All patients. All patients were born without clinical complications and their mothers referred the first signs and symptoms (coarse face, enlarged abdomen, stiff joints, short stature) had started at 6mo to 8y: MPS I Hurler (mean 7mo), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (mean 2y), MPS I Scheie (mean 6y10mo), MPS II (mean 3y6mo) and MPS VI (mean 1y). The mean age of diagnosis was: MPS I Hurler (1y6mo), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (4y8mo), MPS I Scheie (13y7mo), MPS II and VI (5y). There were five familial cases, including a MPS VI family (two sisters) and a MPS I Scheie family (two brothers and one cousin). All patients presented progressive typical facial coarsening. Other frequent findings were: stiff joints, clowded hands, macrocrania, failure to thrive. The prevalence of developmental milestones delay and/or mental intellectual disability was: MPS I Hurler (3/3), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (3/5) and MPS II (4/8). The age of onset of ERT ranged from 1y 2mo to 31y 9mo. The follow-up time after ERT initiation ranged from 40w to 556w (mean 259w). The baseline levels of urinary GAGs were increased two to 13 folds compared to reference values according to age. Approximately 26 weeks after ERT, urinary GAGs levels decreased. Normal levels of urinary GAGs in 12/27 (44%) and slightly increased in 15/27(56%) patients were observed. Before ERT, 24/26 (92%) patients presented echocardiographic abnormalities, which persisted or worsened in spite of ERT. Polysomnography was performed in 10 patients before ERT and revealed obstructive sleep apnea in nine patients (2 MPS I Hurler, 3 MPS I Hurler-Scheie, 3 MPS II and 1 MPS VI); the apnea/hypopnea index increased after ERT. Adverse infusion reactions were reported in 55% (15/27) of patients. Most of them was observed during the first weeks of treatment and included: skin rash, arterial hypertension, fever and bronchospasm, and were solved with antihistamines, antipyretics and/or reduction of infusion rate. Severe reactions were noted in two patients. Regarding clinical complications, arterial hypertension (25%), hypoacusia (37%) and hydrocephalus (15%) were diagnosed before ERT. After ERT arterial hypertension (37%), hypoacusia (59%) and hydrocephalus (22%) were reported. Among the patients that undergone surgical procedures, five presented anesthestical complications and two patients deceased during the procedure. Conclusions: This study showed both inter and intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity. ERT is able to ameliorate but not to stop the progression of the disease that remains with high mortality rate. This study emphasizes that the early diagnosis and ERT are critical for a better outcome and for enhancing the quality of life of these patients
69

Avaliação clínico-laboratorial dos pacientes com mucopolissacaridose tipos I,II e VI em terapia de reposição enzimática (TRE) / Clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis types I, II and VI receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)

Franco, José Francisco da Silva 13 January 2016 (has links)
Introdução: As mucopolissacaridoses (MPSs) são doenças de depósito lisossômico causadas por deficiências enzimáticas envolvidas na degradação dos glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs). As MPSs dos tipos I, II e VI decorrem da deficiência das enzimas alfa-L-iduronidase, iduronato-2-sulfatase e Nacetilgalactosamina 4-sulfatase, respectivamente. As manifestações clínicas são multissistêmicas e progressivas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a evolução clínica e laboratorial de pacientes com Mucopolissacaridose I, II e VI, em terapia de reposição enzimática (TRE). Métodos: Foram avaliados 27 pacientes com MPS (13 MPS I, 8 MPS II e 6 MPS VI), com diagnóstico confirmado pela dosagem enzimática e GAGs urinários, acompanhados em três centros de referência para TRE. Resultados: Cinco pacientes eram casos familiares (3 MPS I e 2 MPS VI). Todos os indivíduos estudados nasceram sem alterações clínicas e as mães relataram o aparecimento dos sintomas (alteração da face, aumento do volume abdominal, rigidez articular e déficit de crescimento) a partir dos 6 meses a 8 anos de idade, MPS I-Hurler (média 7m), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (média 2a), MPS I- Scheie (6a10m), MPS II (média 3a6m) e MPS VI (média 1a). A idade ao diagnóstico foi: MPS I-H (média 1a6m), I-HS (média 4a8m) e I-S (média 13a7m), MPS II e VI (média 5a). Entre os pacientes avaliados, observaram-se cinco casos familiais, sendo uma família com duas irmãs com MPS VI e outra família com dois irmãos e um primo com MPS I-S. Todos os pacientes apresentaram dismorfismos faciais típicos, associados a outros achados frequentes: restrição articular, mãos em garra, macrocefalia, baixa estatura, déficit ponderal. Pacientes com atraso no DNPM e/ou deficiência intelectual foram: Hurler (3/3), Hurler-Scheie (3/5) e MPS II (4/8). A idade do início da TRE foi de 1a2m a 31a9m. O tempo de TRE variou de 40 semanas a 556 semanas (média 259 semanas). Ao diagnóstico, todos os pacientes I, II e VI apresentaram o nível de GAGs urinários aumentado de 2 a 13 vezes o valor de referência para a idade. Aproximadamente 26 semanas após TRE, houve redução de GAGs urinários com a normalização do nível em 12/27 (44%) e o valor ainda um pouco acima do normal em 15/27(56%). Antes da TRE, 24/26 (92%) pacientes apresentaram alterações ecocardiográficas, e a despeito da TRE, houve persistência ou progressão das anormalidades. A polissonografia foi realizada em 10 pacientes antes da TRE sendo constatada a Síndrome da Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) em nove pacientes (2 Hurler, 3 HurlerScheie, 3 MPS II e 1 MPS VI). Mesmo com o uso da TRE observou-se aumento do índice de apneias. As reações às infusões foram observadas em 55% dos pacientes (15/27), a maioria, presente nas primeiras semanas de infusão. Elas consistiram de: erupção cutânea, HAS, febre e broncoespasmo, revertidas após o uso de anti-histamínicos, antitérmicos e/ou redução da velocidade da infusão. As reações mais graves foram encontradas em dois pacientes. As principais complicações clínicas diagnosticadas, antes da TRE, foram: HAS (25%), perda auditiva (37%) e hidrocefalia (15%). Durante a TRE, houve aumento das frequências das complicações: HAS (37%), perda auditiva (59%) e hidrocefalia (22%). Entre os pacientes submetidos a intervenções cirúrgicas, cinco apresentaram complicações anestésicas e dois faleceram durante o procedimento. Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou heterogeneidade clínica pela variabilidade inter e intrafamilial. A utilização da TRE é capaz de atenuar, mas não de impedir a progressão da doença, cuja mortalidade permanece elevada. O diagnóstico precoce e a instituição da TRE pode modificar substancialmente a história natural da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida / Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are lisosomal storage disorders caused by glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) enzymatic catabolism deficiencies, leading to mucopolysaccharides organ and tissues deposition. MPS types I, II and VI are due to deficiency of respectively, alpha-L-iduronidase, iduronate-2sulfatase and N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase. Clinical manifestations are progressive and multisystemic. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory data of patients with MPS types I, II and VI receiving Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT). Methods: This study involved 27 patients with MPS (13 MPS I; 8 MPS II and 6 MPS VI) diagnosed by enzymatic and urinary GAGs measurement, followed in three reference centers for ERT. Results: Five patients were familial cases (3 MPS I and 2 MPS VI). All patients. All patients were born without clinical complications and their mothers referred the first signs and symptoms (coarse face, enlarged abdomen, stiff joints, short stature) had started at 6mo to 8y: MPS I Hurler (mean 7mo), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (mean 2y), MPS I Scheie (mean 6y10mo), MPS II (mean 3y6mo) and MPS VI (mean 1y). The mean age of diagnosis was: MPS I Hurler (1y6mo), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (4y8mo), MPS I Scheie (13y7mo), MPS II and VI (5y). There were five familial cases, including a MPS VI family (two sisters) and a MPS I Scheie family (two brothers and one cousin). All patients presented progressive typical facial coarsening. Other frequent findings were: stiff joints, clowded hands, macrocrania, failure to thrive. The prevalence of developmental milestones delay and/or mental intellectual disability was: MPS I Hurler (3/3), MPS I Hurler-Scheie (3/5) and MPS II (4/8). The age of onset of ERT ranged from 1y 2mo to 31y 9mo. The follow-up time after ERT initiation ranged from 40w to 556w (mean 259w). The baseline levels of urinary GAGs were increased two to 13 folds compared to reference values according to age. Approximately 26 weeks after ERT, urinary GAGs levels decreased. Normal levels of urinary GAGs in 12/27 (44%) and slightly increased in 15/27(56%) patients were observed. Before ERT, 24/26 (92%) patients presented echocardiographic abnormalities, which persisted or worsened in spite of ERT. Polysomnography was performed in 10 patients before ERT and revealed obstructive sleep apnea in nine patients (2 MPS I Hurler, 3 MPS I Hurler-Scheie, 3 MPS II and 1 MPS VI); the apnea/hypopnea index increased after ERT. Adverse infusion reactions were reported in 55% (15/27) of patients. Most of them was observed during the first weeks of treatment and included: skin rash, arterial hypertension, fever and bronchospasm, and were solved with antihistamines, antipyretics and/or reduction of infusion rate. Severe reactions were noted in two patients. Regarding clinical complications, arterial hypertension (25%), hypoacusia (37%) and hydrocephalus (15%) were diagnosed before ERT. After ERT arterial hypertension (37%), hypoacusia (59%) and hydrocephalus (22%) were reported. Among the patients that undergone surgical procedures, five presented anesthestical complications and two patients deceased during the procedure. Conclusions: This study showed both inter and intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity. ERT is able to ameliorate but not to stop the progression of the disease that remains with high mortality rate. This study emphasizes that the early diagnosis and ERT are critical for a better outcome and for enhancing the quality of life of these patients
70

Mucopolissacaridose tipo I: avaliação de um novo instrumento para classificação fenotípica

Federhen, Andressa January 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A mucopolissacaridose tipo I é comumente classificada em três síndromes clínicas (Hurler, Hurler-Scheie e Scheie), de acordo com a gravidade do fenótipo. Devido à alta heterogeneidade da doença e à sobreposição de sintomas em pacientes, alguns autores consideram esta forma de classificação ultrapassada e defendem que a doença apresenta um espectro fenotípico mais amplo. Para tanto, seria muito útil o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas que possam contribuir para uma melhor classificação dos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar um novo instrumento para a classificação fenotípica da MPS I e verificar a correlação dos resultados obtidos com o mesmo com as características bioquímicas e moleculares dos pacientes avaliados. Materiais e Método: Um instrumento elaborado por um grupo de especialistas foi por nós adaptado para avaliar a gravidade do fenótipo ao diagnóstico de 43 pacientes brasileiros com MPS I. Uma nota de zero a 14 foi obtida com a aplicação deste instrumento pela avaliação da presença ou ausência dos seguintes sinais e sintomas ao diagnóstico: atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e/ou declínio cognitivo, rigidez articular/artropatia/contraturas articulares, cifose, disostose multiplex, macrocefalia e bossa frontal. Os pacientes incluídos foram também avaliados em relação aos mesmos parâmetros do instrumento e quanto ao seu fenótipo por três geneticistas com reconhecida experiência com essa doença. Dados bioquímicos e moleculares também foram utilizados para comparação com os resultados da aplicação do instrumento. Resultados: Os pontos de corte com melhor balanço de sensibilidade e especificidade encontrados a partir da aplicação do instrumento e a partir da avaliação dos geneticistas foram, respectivamente 7 e 9. Os parâmetros do instrumento para os quais foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa foram atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor/declínio cognitivo (entre o fenótipo Hurler e os fenótipos Hurler-Scheie e Scheie) e disostose múltipla (entre os fenótipos Hurler e Scheie). Não foi observada correlação entre a nota obtida no instrumento e os valores de GAGs urinários, nos diferentes fenótipos. A maior parte dos pacientes com mutações sem sentido foi classificada como grave, tanto a partir do instrumento quanto pela avaliação dos geneticistas. Conclusões: Os pontos de corte encontrados podem ser úteis para a classificação dos pacientes em dois grupos distintos – grave e atenuado. O atraso no dsenvolvimento neuropsicomotor/declínio cognitivo e a disostose múltipla são achados importantes para predizer a gravidade da doença. Mutações sem sentido parecem determinar o fenótipo mais grave da síndrome. Não foi possível distinguir os diferentes fenótipos a partir dos valores de GAGs na urina. A ferramenta desenvolvida parece ser útil para auxiliar na classificação da gravidade da MPS I, mas é recomendável sua aplicação em um número maior de pacientes para melhor dimensionar sua potencial aplicação. / Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is usually classified into three clinical syndromes (Hurler, Hurler-Scheie and Scheie) according to the severity of the phenotypic expression. Some authors believe this classification is not accurate because of disease variation and overlapping findings in some patients, and suggest that its phenotypic spectrum is wider. With this view, it would be useful the development of new tools which could contribute to a better classification of patients. Objective: To evaluate a new tool the phenotypic classification of MPS I and investigate whether the results obtained are correlated with biochemical and molecular characteristics of the patients. Material and methods: A tool developed by a group of specialists was adapted by us for the evaluation of the phenotypic severity at diagnosis in 43 Brazilian patients with MPS I. A score of zero to 14 was obtained using this tool, which evaluated presence or absence of the following signs and symptoms: delay in neurological and psychomotor development and cognitive decline; joint stiffness, arthropathy and joint contractures; kyphosis; dysostosis multiplex; macrocephaly; and frontal bossing. The same patients had the same parameters evaluated by three MDs with expertise in MPS who also provided their impression about the phenotype. Biochemical and molecular findings were also compared with the results obtained in the proposed tool. Results: The cut-off points with better balance of sensitivity and specificity found with the use of the tool and according to the experts' evaluations were 7 and 9, respectively. The tool parameters with statistically significant differences were neurological and psychomotor development delay and cognitive decline (when the Hurler phenotype was compared with the Hurler-Scheie and Scheie phenotypes), and dysostosis multiplex (for the comparison between the Hurler and Scheie phenotypes). There was no correlation between the scores obtained when using the tool and the urinary GAG values across the different phenotypes. Most patients with nonsense mutations were classified as severe according to the tool scores and to the experts’ evaluations. Conclusions: The cut-off points found in this study may be useful for the classification of patients into two distinct groups - severe and attenuated. Neurological and psychomotor developmental delay and cognitive decline, as well as dysostosis multiplex, are important findings to predict disease severity. Nonsense mutations seem to determine the most severe syndrome phenotype. The urinary GAG values do not allow differentiating the different phenotypes. The tool developed seems to be useful to help in the classification of the severity of MPS I, but it would be advisable its application in a larger number of patients to better evaluate its potential application.

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