As aglomerações de empresas têm despertado o interesse de pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas, dadas as suas particularidades, em comparação com os negócios que não se localizam em aglomerações, pois têm havido desempenhos satisfatórios que são obtidos pelas empresas participantes das aglomerações, e desenvolvimento nas localidades em que os aglomerados se instalam. O desenvolvimento local é contribuinte da melhoria da qualidade de vida das regiões, a partir do impacto que é gerado em várias dimensões, quais sejam: espacial, cultural, política, institucional, social, econômica e ambiental. O Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) é um tipo de aglomerado empresarial que se constitui em um sistema formador de ações coletivas e resultados promissores para determinada região. Assim, é um agente para o desenvolvimento dessa localidade, dada sua capacidade de impactar as dimensões do desenvolvimento local por meio de ações potencializadoras e/ou inibidoras. A proposta deste estudo foi estudar quais, e como, fatores presentes em três arranjos produtivos locais, situados nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil, contribuem ou inibem o desenvolvimento local das regiões em que estão inseridos, a partir das inter-relações entre as dimensões ambiental, cultural, econômica, espacial, institucional, política e social. Os objetivos específicos foram: i) identificar os atores, as dimensões e os fatores presentes nos arranjos produtivos locais, considerando a possível interferência no desenvolvimento local; ii) alocar os fatores conforme as categorias de análise; iii) entender o conjunto dos fatores, das relações e das interações, presentes entre os atores/agentes e as dimensões do desenvolvimento local; iv) compreender os fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento local; v) compreender os fatores que inibem o desenvolvimento local. A pesquisa foi de natureza aplicada, abordagem qualitativa e descritiva. A estratégia utilizada para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi o estudo multicasos. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: entrevistas, observação não participante e análise documental. Para interpretação dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo a partir das categorias, aspectos: ambientais, culturais, econômicos, espaciais, institucionais, políticos e sociais. Os resultados apontaram que houve desenvolvimento local nos três arranjos estudados, porém com diferenças de impacto entre os fatores formadores de cada dimensão, assim como entre a contribuição de cada dimensão ao desenvolvimento local. Vários fatores apresentaram tanto potencializar quanto inibir o desenvolvimento. Verificou-se que o fator Cooperação, Coletividade é chave para as práticas de desenvolvimento, assim como a dimensão institucional, por ser coordenadora e disseminadora potencial de ações para esse fim. A dimensão econômica ainda é a que mais motiva as ações e estratégias dos arranjos, e a dimensão ambiental tem tido menor motivação, o que tem comprometido, e muito, o desenvolvimento das regiões analisadas. É necessário contemplar visão de maior envolvimento e transformação cultural entre os agentes/atores dos locais. Como sugestões práticas, as políticas (públicas e privadas) devem considerar aspectos imprescindíveis ao desenvolvimento local, quais sejam: a formação da autonomia do arranjo; a flexibilidade quanto as fronteiras espaciais para definição de variados problemas e variadas soluções; a perspectiva de longo prazo; a inovação e o profissionalismo, por uma visão ampla, além da dimensão financeira. / The agglomerations of companies attracted the interest of researchers and policymakers, given their particularities, compared to companies not located in agglomerations, because occurred satisfactory performances by the companies participating in the agglomerations, and development in the localities where the agglomerates settle. The local development contributes to the improvement of the quality of life of the regions, by the impact generated in several dimensions, such as: spatial, cultural, political, institutional, social, economic and environmental. The cluster is a type of industrial agglomerated composed of a system of collective actions and promising results for a given region. Thus, it is an agent for the development of this locality, given its capacity to affect the dimensions of local development through actions that contribute to or inhibit in this development. The research was the purpose of studying which, and how, factors present in three clusters, situated in the Southeast and Center-West regions of Brazil, contribute or inhibit the local development of the regions in which they belong, based on the interrelations between the dimensions: environmental, cultural, economic, spatial, institutional, political and social. The specific objectives were: i) identify the actors, dimensions, and factors present in the clusters, considering the possible interference in local development; ii) allocate the factors according to the categories of analysis; iii) understand the set of factors, relationships and interactions, present between the actors/agents and the dimensions of local development; iv) understand the factors that contribute to local development; v) understand the factors that inhibit local development. The research considered a study of an applied nature, qualitative approach and descriptive. The strategy used to reach the proposed goal was the multi-case study. The techniques of data collection were interviews, non-participant observation, and documentary analysis. For the interpretation of the data, was used the content analysis according to the categories, aspects: environmental, cultural, economic, spatial, institutional, political and social. The results showed that there was local development in the three arrangements studied, but with differences of impact between the factors forming each dimension, as well as between the contribution of each dimension to local development. Several factors have both potentialized and inhibited development. The factor Cooperation, Collectivity was indicated as fundamental for the development practices, as well as the institutional dimension, for having a potential coordinator and disseminator of actions for this purpose. The economic dimension is still the one that most motivates the actions and strategies in the arrangements, and the environmental dimension has less motivation, which has greatly committed the development of the analyzed regions. It is necessary to contemplate a vision of greater involvement and cultural transformation among the agents/actors from locals. As practical suggestions, the policies (public and private) should consider aspects essential to local development, such as: the formation of the autonomy of the arrangement; the flexibility of spatial frontier to define varied problems and solutions; the long-term perspective; the innovation and the professionalism, for a broad vision, beyond the financial dimension.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ligia Maria da Costa Canellas Tropiano.pdf: 558016 bytes, checksum: fd5a548da0a4421538e3151424033d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / The aim of this study is to describe how premature babies behave intersubjectively in the relationship with their mothers during the first weeks of their lives. In order to understand the dyadic interaction between mother and baby, a qualitative and descriptive approach to research has been adopted. Four dyads comprised of primigravida women and their newly-born premature babies took part in the study. The babies had been born prematurely after 28 to 35 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive-care unit of a public hospital in the greater São Paulo. Two were female and two male. The data was collected from the filming of the first dyadic interaction in the mother s arms, lasting between 15 to 30 minutes. After that first registry, the dyadic behaviors between mother and baby were described and categorized following the intersubjective categories suggested by Fiamenghi (1999) and Fiamenghi et al. (2010). The results from the descriptions of the dyadic interactions showed that the prematurely-born babies establish an intersubjective relationship with their mother. There are positive emotions expressed through smiles, signs of coziness, synchrony, timing and empathy of feelings, falling into the category of (negotiating) interaction, invitation and imitation and (emotional) curiosity and friendliness; low frequency of negative feelings; and no aggressive behavior on the part of the mother. The outcome of this research may reinforce the need to adopt a humanizing approach to the prematurely-born babies; the need of inclusion of the family; and training and awareness of the whole multidisciplinary team. We suggest continuing this study by research using group. / O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever como os bebês prematuros se comportam intersubjetivamente na relação com suas mães nas primeiras semanas de vida. Para compreender as interações entre as díades mãe-bebê optou-se por uma metodologia qualitativa e descritiva de pesquisa. Participaram do estudo 4 díades compostas por mães primigestas e seus bebês recém-nascidos prematuros de 28 a 35 semanas, internados na UTI neonatal de uma instituição hospitalar pública da Grande São Paulo, 2 do sexo masculino e 2 do sexo feminino. Os dados foram coletados a partir da filmagem da primeira interação entre a díade ocorrida no colo da mãe, com duração entre 15 a 30 minutos. Após esse registro os comportamentos das díades mãe-bebê foram descritos e categorizados, de acordo com as categorias intersubjetivas propostas por Fiamenghi (1999) e Fiamenghi et al. (2010). Os resultados obtidos partir das descrições das interações das díades demonstrou que os bebês prematuros apresentam comportamentos intersubjetivos frente ao contato com sua mãe. Observou-se emoções positivas demonstradas por sorrisos, expressões de aconchego, sincronia, timing e empatia de sentimentos, atendendo às categorias de interação, convite e imitação (negociadoras) e curiosidade e simpatia (emocionais), baixa frequência de emoções negativas e nenhum comportamento agressivo por parte das mães. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem reforçar a necessidade da abordagem de humanização com os prematuros bem como a inserção da família e o treinamento e conscientização de toda a equipe multidisciplinar. Sugere-se continuidade do estudo com pesquisa de grupo.

A residência multiprofissional em saúde é uma modalidade de ensino de pós graduação lato sensu, voltada para a educação em serviço. Emerge no contexto brasileiro como uma proposta complementar a fim de se atingir as metas e os princípios preconizados pelo sistema único de saúde (SUS), principalmente quanto à integralidade. Além de trazer implicações e lançar desafios ao exercício profissional do psicólogo, inserindo-o no entrelaçamento de campos densos e complexos (saúde, educação e políticas públicas), a modalidade propõe que profissionais com formações diferentes atuem num mesmo campo, com discussões e intervenções conjuntas. A questão que move a pesquisa é a posição-sujeito no programa de residência multiprofissional face ao modelo de educação-saúde vinculado. Assevera-se que a posição-sujeito é objeto discursivo deslizante (de tessitura simbólica) que toma em consideração o sujeito constituído no claudicar da linguagem e interpelado pelo inconsciente e que se manifesta como efeito de significantes em direção ao grande Outro. Para tal, vale-se da interface dos aportes teóricos da análise de discurso pêchetiana e da psicanálise lacaniana. A análise de discurso sustenta o discurso como efeito de sentidos mediados pela ideologia e ocupa-se, especialmente, da incursão da alteridade do discurso-outro sobre o mesmo. A psicanálise lacaniana, por sua vez, reitera a primazia do inconsciente estruturado como linguagem diante de um eu imaginário e versa para o sujeito marcado como falta que, dividido, faz do discurso o estatuto do significado. Assim, é proeminente na análise do objeto a metodologia indiciária dada ao caráter simbólico e cambiante da posição-sujeito no discurso. A análise se realizou mediante o dispositivo da interpretação como gesto analítico, que acompanha as elações próprias do objeto. O corpora é constituído por uma materialidade escrita e por uma oral. A escrita compõe-se de recortes de leis, portarias e resoluções que fundam a modalidade de residência multiprofissional e reforçam os ideias do sistema único de saúde; a materialidade oral compõe-se de recortes e fragmentos discursivos advindos da transcrição de supervisões realizadas mediante a prática clínica do psicólogo-residente na cena hospitalar. Da análise, conclui-se que a materialidade escrita se posta como campo-Outro que ordena a estrutura política da residência multiprofissional e direciona a manutenção da ordem e reprodução das relações hierárquicas mediante ideologia assujeitante. Essa materialidade, por sua vez, age como intradiscurso e reverbera-se na memória discursiva e na prática clínica. A posição-sujeito, no plano da articulação significante, faz deslizar e produzir sentidos que denotam ora a manutenção e reprodução de uma posição fusionada ao discurso médico, científico-positivista; ora a posição-sujeito é marcada pelo saber condicionado ao fetiche da mercadoria, deflagrando a ordem do capital nas insígnias da multiprofissionalidade e da educação permanente. O trabalho propiciou, enfim, acompanhar as transmutações da posição-sujeito, independentemente do indivíduo ou da naturalização de sentidos provenientes da função que exerce. O objeto posição-sujeito reiterou a construção da realidade a partir da condição faltante. É essa condição faltante e incompleta que outorga ao desejo o modo de o sujeito se posicionar desta e outra maneira - na formação, no trabalho, na vida. / The multidisciplinary residency in health is a postgraduate modality of education, focused on the education service. It emerges in the Brazilian context as a complementary proposal in order to achieve the goals and the principles recommended by the Unified Health System (SUS), particularly as to the integrality. In addition to bringing implications and challenges for the psychology in professional practice, inserting it into the entanglement of dense and complex fields (health, education and public policy), the modality proposes that professionals with different backgrounds act in the same field, with joint discussions and interventions. The question that drives the research is the subject-position in multidisciplinary residency program in terms of the combined health-education model. It asserts that the subject-position is the sliding discursive object (symbolic texture) that takes into account the subject constituted in hobble of the language and questioned by the unconscious, and that manifests as significant effect towards of the great Other. For this, appraise the interface of the theoretical contributions of the Pecheutian discourse analysis and Lacanian psychoanalysis. The discourse analysis sustain the discourse as effect of senses mediated by ideology, and occupies, especially, of the incursion of otherness of the discourse-other about the same. The Lacanian psychoanalysis, in turn, confirms the primacy of the unconscious structured as a language face an imaginary self and seek for the subject marked as missing, that divided, makes of the discourse the statute of the meaning. Thus, it is prominent in the analysis of the object the circumstantial methodology given the symbolic and hobbling character of the position-subject in the discourse. The analysis was performed by the interpretation as an analytical gesture, accompanying the proper elations of the object. The corpora consists of a both written and oral materiality. The written consists of clippings of laws, ordinances and resolutions that found a modality of multiprofessional residency and reinforce the ideals of the unified health system; the oral materiality comprise of clippings and discursive fragments coming from the transcription of the supervision performed by the clinical practice of psychologist resident in the hospital scene. From the analysis, it is concluded that the written materiality stands as field-Other that ordains the political structure of multiprofessional residency and directs the maintenance of the order and reproduction of the hierarchical relations by the ideology. This materiality, in turn, acts as intradiscourse and reverberates in the discursive memory and in the clinical practice. The position-subject, in the plan of the significant articulation, slides and produce meanings that denote either the maintenance and reproduction of a position merged to the medical discourse, scientific-positivist; nevertheless the subject-position is marked by knowledge conditioned to the commodity fetish, triggering the order of the capital in the insignia of multiprofessionality and continuing education. The work led, finally, follow the transmutations of the position-subject, regardless of the individual or the naturalization of the senses from the function it holds. The object position-subject reiterated the construction of reality from the missing condition. It\'s that missing and incomplete condition that grants to desire the way that the subject will position in this and other way - in training, at work, in life.

A prestação do serviço de Odontologia dentro do ambiente hospitalar teve início devido aos benefícios observados com o trabalho de equipes multidisciplinares no cuidado com a saúde. De modo geral, os pacientes são atendidos pelos cirurgiõesdentistas dentro dos hospitais terciários porque sua condição de saúde impede a realização dos procedimentos em consultórios ou unidades de saúde, devido, entre outros, à dificuldade de locomoção ou falta de equipe treinada para atender portadores de enfermidades sistêmicas. Estudos que enfocam esse tema têm observado benefícios importantes na condição de saúde do paciente. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: Caracterizar o Serviço de Odontologia Hospitalar no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, nos seguintes aspectos: 1) assistencial: relacionar as atividades quanto ao número de atendimentos por tipo, procedência do paciente (internado ou ambulatorial), patologias de base e enfermaria específica; 2) financeiro: identificar a receita SUS dos procedimentos odontológicos realizados e identificar os custos do Serviço de Odontologia Hospitalar, e 3) percepção dos profissionais cirurgiõesdentistas e Chefes das especialidades médicas usuárias dos serviços de odontologia hospitalar, quanto aos serviços prestados, e a satisfação dos usuários pacientes. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva com dados relativos ao ano de 2016, através de um estudo de caso. Para identificar a percepção dos profissionais e satisfação dos pacientes com os serviços odontológicos prestados pelo Hospital foram aplicados (em 2017) questionários específicos. Os resultados demonstraram prevalência de atendimentos ambulatoriais, sendo que os principais procedimentos realizados foram tratamentos periodontais, cirurgias e laserterapia. Quanto ao aspecto financeiro, observou-se que nem todos os procedimentos são reembolsados pelo SUS e seus custos ultrapassam o valor recebido. A receita media SUS e o custo por atendimentos foram R$ 59,91 e R$ 5,36 respectivamente. O estudo permitiu também concluir que a percepção / satisfação nas três esferas analisadas é positiva em relação do serviço prestado. Espera-se que as informações encontradas forneçam subsídios para a melhoria contínua do serviço existente dentro do hospital, bem como para outros gestores que desejam implantar a Odontologia Hospitalar em outros centros de referência. / The provision of Dentistry service within the hospital environment began due to the benefits observed with multidisciplinary healthcare providers working together. In general, patients are attended by dentists at tertiary referral hospitals because their health condition which prevents the procedures to be performed in the clinic or health units, due, among others, to the difficulty of locomotion or lack of trained personnel to attend patients with systemic diseases. Studies that focus on this theme have observed important benefits in patient\'s health condition. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize the activities and procedures performed by the team of dental surgeons at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP in 2016 under the following aspects: 1) assistential: to relate the activities regarding the number of attendances according to the patient origin (ambulatory or nursery) and base pathology; 2) financial: identify the oral care procedures SUS revenues obtained and the costs incurred providing the service, and 3) stakeholders perception / satisfaction: evaluate the perception / satisfaction regarding the contribution of the service in the three mains spheres that comprise it: the dentists who provides care, the physician who works together with the dentistry staff and the patient. To meet these objectives, the descriptive exploratory research was chosen through case reports. To measure the perception / satisfaction specific questionnaires were applied for each group in 2017. The results demonstrated the prevalence of ambulatory care and the main procedures performed were periodontal treatments, surgeries and laser therapy. As for the financial aspect, it was observed that the service is deficient, since not all procedures are reimbursed by SUS and the costs exceed the amount received. In average, SUS reimbursed R$5,36 per procedure while the calculated costs were R$ 59,91. The study also concluded that the perception / satisfaction in the three spheres analyzed are positive in relation to the service provided. It is expected the results obtained will provide subsidies for the continuous improvement of the existing service within the hospital, as well for other managers who wish to implement Oral Service Medicine in other referral hospitals.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-28T11:08:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anadarcmoreiraarcanjo.pdf: 614200 bytes, checksum: ccd550dc3a35a8ba8098cd6f477af45b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:34:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anadarcmoreiraarcanjo.pdf: 614200 bytes, checksum: ccd550dc3a35a8ba8098cd6f477af45b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anadarcmoreiraarcanjo.pdf: 614200 bytes, checksum: ccd550dc3a35a8ba8098cd6f477af45b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / A educação inclusiva, como modalidade de educação escolar oferecida na rede regular de ensino, é um direito defendido pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996. Contudo, colocar esta proposta em prática ainda é um grande desafio para os profissionais envolvidos com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, uma perspectiva voltada para a integração multidisciplinar, a qual entende o processo de ensino e aprendizagem como interação entre os estímulos provenientes do meio externo e o cérebro, torna-se fundamental para a efetivação da educação inclusiva. Assim, o presente estudo buscou uma articulação entre psicologia, educação e neurociências, transformando o sistema de ensino e aprendizagem, por meio de novas práticas elaboradas de acordo com o funcionamento harmônico entre o cérebro, a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento humano. O objetivo deste trabalho constituiu em promover uma discussão sobre as práticas pedagógicas da educação inclusiva e seus efeitos no desenvolvimento escolar, para tanto realizou-se um estudo de um caso envolvendo uma criança de oito anos,com diagnóstico prévio de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH), desde seu encaminhamento até o tratamento. Com base na análise deste caso, concluiu-se que as práticas inclusivas devem ser incorporadas a partir da colaboração entre as áreas da psicologia, neurociências e educação com um olhar dirigido à maneira de aprender da criança com TDAH. / Inclusive educationastype of educationofferedinthe regular school systemis a rightupheld by theLaw of Guidelines andBases, 1996. However, to putthis proposalinto practiceremains a majorchallenge for professionalsinvolved inthe process ofteaching and learning. In this sense, a perspectivefocused onmultidisciplinary integration, which meansthe process ofteaching and learningasinteraction betweenstimuli from theexternal environmentand the brain, it becomes essentialfor effectiveinclusive education. Thus, this study sought alink betweenpsychology, neuroscienceandeducation, transforming the system of teaching and learningthroughnew practicesprepared in accordance withthe harmonious functioningofthe brain, learning and human development. Theobjective of this studywasto promotea discussionaboutthe pedagogical practicesof inclusive educationand its effects onschool development, from the studyof acase involvinga childof eightyears,previously diagnosed withattentiondeficit disorderand hyperactivity(ADHD )fromyour referralto treatment. Based onits analysis,it was concluded thatinclusive practicesshould be incorporatedfrom thecollaborationbetween thefields of psychology, neuroscienceand educationwith an eyedirectedway to learnthechildwith ADHD.

På en fastighet i Luthagen i Uppsala uppfördes en byggnad grundlagd på träpålar år 1936. Under 60-talet uppstod läckage på en spillvattenledning vilket ledde till en kontaminering av sprickvattenakviferen där träpålar är särskilt utsatta för påverkan av bakterie, svamp- och virusangrepp till följd av torrläggning. För att spola bort kontaminerat sprickvatten och för att hålla en jämn sprickvattennivå i akviferen installerades påfyllningsbrunnar på två platser i källaren under huset. Brunnarna är driva ner i de pålrännor där träpålarna är slagna. Den normala vattentillförseln låg under flera decennier på runt 10 m3/år och vattennivåerna övervakades av bostadsföreningens fastighetstjänst med regelbundna observationer av sprickvattennivån. Under hösten 2016 skedde ett trendbrott och förbrukningen av dricksvattenpåfyllning på över 10 m3/dygn uppmättes. Vattenförbrukningen fortsatte att öka och var vid vissa perioder uppe på nästan 20 m3/dygn. Bjerking AB fick då i uppdrag att undersöka orsaken till den ökade vattenförbrukningen och var vattnet tog vägen. I samband med upptäckten av den ökande vattenförbrukningen skedde även ett brott på en kommunal vattenledning i Kyrkogårdsgatan. Akviferen antogs vara i princip tät och borde inte haft någon hydraulisk kontakt med det vattenförande moränlagret under leran. Syftet med följande rapport är att undersöka de flöden som sprickvattnet har och försöka bestämma den förhärskande flödesriktningen. Den frågeställning som valts är baserad på möjligheten att modellera flödet i grundvattenmodelleringsprogrammet GMS-MODFLOW. Frågeställningen är följande För att sedan kunna modellera grundvattenflödet användes parameter estimation (PEST) som utgår från det framkalibrerade initialt grundvattenförhållandet. Där efter bestäms ett antal zoner som programmet sedan beräknar fram den hydrauliska konduktiviteten för respektive zon. Modelleringen med PEST gav resultat som visar på höga hydrauliska konduktiviteter i husets sydvästra kortsida. Den transienta modelleringen utfördes genom att de observerade vattennivåerna som mätts upp under avstängningsförsöket jämfördes med beräknade värden som fåtts genom modellen. Resultaten visade då på att be beräknade vattennivåerna till viss del stämmde över ens med de observerade, även om de var förskjuta från varandra med nästan 0,6 meter. Denna skillnad berodde antagligen på det gränsvärde som satts för randvillkoret i modellen på 7,25. Vilket gjorde att inga vattennivåer kunde bli högra än detta, vilket som tolkades som att det förekom trösklar i rännorna. Dessa resultat stämmer överens med den hypotes som antogs före projektstarten och innebar att den mest troliga flödesriktningen skulle vara åt sydväst och husets kortsida. Att resultaten bevisar antagandet säger att modellen som byggdes är mer eller mindre rättvisande. Det är dock mycket osäkerheter i modellen och de ingångsvärden som använts. Bland annat är materialtyperna som finns i modellen enbart antagna och det har inte gjorts några bestämningar av markens hydrauliska egenskaper. Andra möjliga fel som kan ha påverkat resultaten är de skalningsproblem som finns i MODFLOW. Slutsatsen är att det är möjligt att göra denna typ av ”småskalig” flödesmodellering i MODFLOW och att förhärskande flödesriktningen är åt sydväst och husets kortsida. / Most of Sweden’s older buildings constructed in clay rich areas are founded on wood poles. The poles are used to build the constructions in areas with soils without satisfying stability, such e.g. clay soils, where the poles are used as the “stable ground” where the building are founded upon. One of the problems with wood poles are that to prevent the wood from rotting the poles must be covered with water, to make an oxygen free environment. The problems start first when the water levels start to decrease due to dewatering or if the water is contaminated with bacteria from e.g. leaky sewer pipes. The contamination leads to decomposing of the wood, which affect the stability of the poles negatively. To prevent the leaky aquifers many houses, have water supply by wells where water is added to the aquifer to keep the water at stable levels. In Uppsala, Sweden an apartment building founded on wood poles have this problems with a contaminated and leaky aquifer. The reason to the contamination was an old sewer pipe that start leaking due to subsidence of the clay below the house. The dewatering of the aquifer was detected in 2016 when the water supply to the aquifer increased from 10th of cubic meters per year to 10th of cubic meters per day. In an attempt to find out what the reason to the high discharge from the aquifer a groundwater model was constructed to modelling the groundwater flows below the building. To modeling this problem the software Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) and MODFLOW was used. By construct a 3D grid of cells in the same dimensions as the building divided in to three different layers it was possible to simulating the groundwater flow through the aquifer. The way we did it was by knowing that as part of the foundation there was “channels” filled with gavel above the poles. The hypothesis was that the water was flowing through this high hydraulic conductivity “gravel channels” and there for we used the model to performed calculations of the hydraulic conductivity in the channels and the areas around the channels. The results told us that there were high conductivity zones in the south west part of the building. After the calculation of the conductivity, a test was performed, where the water supply where turned off and the decrease of the water levels was measured. By using this calculated hydraulic conductivity and the observed levels from the water supply test we let the model calculate the change of water level during the whole-time series. The results told us that there was a possible groundwater flow to the sought west and that some sort of threshold in the channel prevented the water to sink below a curtain limit of 7.65 meter.

In modern military operations, the usage of command, control and communication systems is ever increasing, where Geographical Information Systems are used to increase the commanders’ situational awareness. The use of cross-country movement models in a Geographical Information System can further aid commanders in their decision-making and narrow down possible advancements on the battlefield. This study’s purpose is to examine the Czech Republic’s available methods for presenting cross-country movement in a geographical information system, to recognize what procedures the Swedish Armed Forces have to conduct in the future to have equivalent or better ability in calculating and presenting cross-country movement.  In order to determine this, Swedish geodata has been analysed with a simplified Czech cross-country model and compared to an extended analysis made in the Czech Republic. The method for information gathering was literature studies in the field of geography and cross-country movement, collection of geodata from the Swedish authority Lantmäteriet and two interviews about Swedish geodata and the current situation with Geographical Information Systems in the Swedish Armed Forces. The result shows that the available digital elevation model over Sweden is not accurate enough and that the vegetation database is limited. However, the available geodata over soil is adequate enough in structure to use in cross-country movement models. The author’s suggestion for the Swedish Armed Forces is to determine domestic trafficability parameters and create models that consider Sweden’s specific geographical conditions, with use of similar models that the Czech Republic uses. Further research should focus on investigating necessary parameters and how the cross-country models can be incorporated in a command, control and communication system.

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until six months of age, and breastfeeding along with other foods up to two years of age or even longer. The importance of EBF until six months of age is well established, mainly because of the benefits for the child and for the mother such as a reduction in children's morbidity and mortality and also hospital admissions. Despite of the fact that breastfeeding is an effective and inexpensive way to improve child s health, unfortunately this practice is stopped long before the recommended period. Due to that, this study aimed at knowing EBF prevalence among children born at the University Hospital of Santa Maria as well as the reasons for the early weaning. Besides, it assessed the effect of a multiprofessional intervention to promote breastfeeding in the Hospital. The prevalence of EBF was assessed at four and six months postpartum in two groups: control group (whose mothers received the information usually provided by the staff) and intervention group (whose mothers received additional information about breastfeeding by a multiprofessional team). For this, a randomized trial was carried out, enrolling 379 dyads (mother-baby): 194 in the control group and 185 in the intervention group. The intervention consisted of meetings (as group dynamic) with the mothers. The results showed that EBF prevalence in the control group were 42.8% at four months, and 13.4% at six months age. On the other hand, in the intervention group the EBF prevalence was significantly higher: 57.8% at four months and 26.5% at six months age. In addition, the number of days of EBF in the intervention group was also significantly higher (median 150 days) compared to controls (median 113 days). The assessment of data at four and six months showed negative association with the variables "did not participate in the intervention" and "use of pacifiers" with the variable "duration of EBF". At six months it was further observed negative association between "duration of EBF" with mother coming back to work . The results of this study allowed us to prove the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary intervention carried out in the post-partum time in increasing EBF rates in children at the ages of four and six months. / A Organização Mundial de Saúde recomenda o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) até seis meses de idade e, após, que seja continuado com outros alimentos até dois anos ou mais. Apesar de já consagrada a importância do AME até os seis meses de idade, dos inúmeros benefícios comprovados para a criança e para a mãe, principalmente na redução significativa da morbimortalidade e hospitalizações infantis, essa prática é interrompida muito antes do período recomendado. A ciência de que o investimento na promoção do aleitamento materno é uma medida efetiva e de baixo custo para melhoria da saúde infantil motivou conhecer a prevalência do AME em crianças nascidas no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, os motivos que levam ao desmame precoce nessa população e avaliar o efeito de uma estratégia de intervenção multiprofissional, com vistas à promoção do aleitamento materno. Foram avaliadas as prevalências do AME aos quatro e seis meses pós-parto em dois grupos: grupo intervenção, cujas mães receberam, além das orientações da rotina do serviço, uma intervenção adicional, realizada por equipe multiprofissional; e grupo controle, cujas mães receberam apenas as orientações da rotina do serviço. Foi realizado um estudo analítico experimental, tipo ensaio de campo randomizado, no qual participaram 379 díades (mãe-bebê), sendo 194 no grupo controle e 185 no grupo intervenção. A intervenção constituiu-se de encontros em forma de dinâmica em grupo com as mães selecionadas. Os resultados demonstraram que as prevalências de AME no grupo controle foram de 42,8% aos quatro meses e de 13,4% aos seis meses. No grupo intervenção, as prevalências foram significativamente maiores: 57,8% aos 4 meses e de 26,5% aos 6 meses. Além disso, o número de dias de AME no grupo intervenção também foi significativamente maior (mediana de 150 dias) quando comparado ao controle (mediana de 113 dias). Aos quatro e seis meses foram observadas associações negativas entre as variáveis não participar da intervenção e uso de bico ou chupeta com a variável tempo de AME . Aos seis meses também foi observada associação negativa entre tempo de AME com o fato de a mãe trabalhar fora. Os resultados do presente estudo permitem comprovar a efetividade de uma intervenção multiprofissional realizada no pós-parto, em nível hospitalar, no aumento das taxas de AME em crianças tanto aos quatro como aos seis meses.

Abstract This study examined student welfare teams in elementary, middle and junior high schools where a staff of group members tried to build a shared understanding of clients' problems and the solutions through conversation. The goal of the study was to identify what kind of socio-cognitive processes the welfare teams used and in which situations during the social interaction these processes occured in order to achieve the shared understanding. The goal of the first research question was to explore student welfare teams' shared understanding of their clients' problems and what kind solutions were constructed with the help of these socio-cognitive processes. The second study question focused on student welfare teams' decision making methods. The goal was to investigate how the teams chose certain solutions for the client. The third part of the research was to investigate how the team members as individuals use argumentation and actions to build the solution for the client. The study was qualitative in nature and was conducted by a case study influenced by research tradition of social constructionism and also tradition of fenomenology. The research data consisted of student welfare team meeting in elementary, middle and junior high schools. The data was collected in two schools during 2009–2010 and consisted of 28 student welfare team meetings, 16 hours in total. In the study there were 39 participants. The analysis was done by using content analysis. The results showed that the student welfare teams built the shared understanding of the task and the solutions through construction of knowledge and constructive conflicts. These socio-cognitive processes occured when the teams built the shared understanding of client's problems, solutions or both. According the results of this study the shared understanding that had been built of client's problem in the beginning of the meeting improved the construction of shared understanding of the solution. The constructive conflicts enabled the creation of a more qualified result provided all the team members co-operated when constructive conflict appeared. The research revealed that the majority of decision making processes in student welfare teams were based on expertise of client's problem area and the existing rules and regulations. The procedures for the client were built in a way which often required argumentation of the listeners. Arguments included team member's expertise on similar situations and the problems and effects of the presented procedure. The results of this study enable deeper understanding of student welfare teams in schools; how shared understanding of client's problems and the procedures suitable for the situation are built in student welfare teams by social interaction. The research opens a new perspective to be considered in the development of multidisciplinary groups. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tutkimusaiheena on jaetun ymmärryksen rakentuminen moniammatillisten oppilashuoltoryhmien kokouksissa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, millaisten sosiokognitiivisten prosessien avulla oppilashuoltoryhmä rakentaa jaettua ymmärrystä käsiteltävästä tehtävästä ja asiakkaalle sopivista ratkaisumalleista. Ensimmäisen tutkimuskysymyksen avulla haluttiin saada selville, missä tilanteissa sosiokognitiiviset prosessit esiintyvät moniammatillisen oppilashuoltoryhmän vuorovaikutuksessa sekä millainen jaettu ymmärrys asiakkaan ongelmista ja tilanteeseen sopivista ratkaisumalleista muodostuu sosiokognitiivisten prosessien avulla. Toinen keskeinen tutkimusongelma liittyi pienryhmän päätöksentekoprosessiin. Tutkimuksen avulla haluttiin selvittää, miten moniammatillisen oppilashuoltoryhmän jäsenet tekevät päätöksen asiakkaalle suunnattavista ratkaisumalleista Lisäksi tutkimuksen kolmannen tutkimuskysymyksen avulla haluttiin saada selville, miten moniammatillisen oppilashuoltoryhmän jäsenet rakentavat asiakkaalle suunnattavia ratkaisumalleja yksilötasolla. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tapaustutkimuksena, joka nojautui ontologiselta lähestymistavaltaan sosiaalisen konstruktionismin tutkimuksen traditioon. Lisäksi se oli yhteneväinen joiltakin osin fenomenologisen tutkimustradition kanssa. Tutkimuksen aineisto muodostui sekä yläkoulun että alakoulun oppilashuoltoryhmän kokouksista sekä hojks-arviointikokouksista. Lukuvuoden 2009–2010 välisenä aikana kokouksia videoitiin 28, yhteensä 16 tuntia. Tutkimukseen osallistui kaiken kaikkiaan 39 henkilöä. Tutkimuksen aineisto analysoitiin sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tutkimustulokset osoittivat, että moniammatillisen oppilashuoltoryhmän jäsenet rakensivat jaettua ymmärrystä tehtävästä ja tilanteeseen sopivista ratkaisumalleista tiedon konstruoinnin ja konstruktiivisten konfliktien avulla. Sosiokognitiivisia prosesseja hyödynnettiin joko asiakkaan ongelmien, ratkaisumallien tai ongelmien ja ratkaisumallien rakentamisessa. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että jaetun ymmärryksen muodostuminen asiakkaan ongelmasta keskustelun alussa selkeytti tehtävän tavoitetta, jolloin mahdollisuus onnistua tehtävän suorittamisessa parani. Konstruktiivisten konfliktien avulla oppilashuoltoryhmillä oli mahdollisuus saavuttaa uusia ja parempia tulkintoja asiakkaasta ja tilanteeseen sopivista ratkaisumalleista. Ilmiön toteutuminen edellytti kuitenkin ryhmän jäsenten osallistumista esille tuodun epäkohdan muokkaamiseen yhdessä. Tutkimuksessa kävi myös ilmi, että moniammatillisten oppilashuoltoryhmien päätöksenteko perustui useimmiten asiakkaan ongelma-alueen asiantuntijuuteen ja olemassa oleviin sääntöihin ja määräyksiin. Asiakkaalle suunnattavat ratkaisumallit rakennettiin tavalla, joka edellytti usein kuulijoiden argumentointia. Ratkaisumalleihin liitetyissä perusteluissa oppilashuoltoryhmän jäsenet toivat esille asiantuntemuksensa, joka sisälsi tietoa vastaavanlaisissa tilanteissa käytetyissä ratkaisumalleista, niiden ongelmista ja vaikuttavuudesta. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset nähdään syvemmän ymmärryksen mahdollistajana moniammatillisista oppilashuoltoryhmistä peruskouluissa. Tutkimustulokset ovat lisänneet ymmärrystä siitä, kuinka moniammatillisissa oppilashuoltoryhmissä rakennetaan jaettua ymmärrystä asiakkaan ongelmista ja tilanteisiin sopivista ratkaisumalleista vuorovaikutuksen avulla. Tutkimus tuo esille myös uusia moniammatillisten verkostojen kehittämistyössä huomioon otettavia näkökulmia.

This research covers the story of four persons from different backgrounds brought together by their faith in God, fellowship in the same church, residing in the same community and sharing the experience of living with HIV and AIDS: either as infected and/or affected individually. I am one of these persons due to the fact that I lost my sister to HIV and AIDS, thus I am affected. Though I only appear in the story as the researcher, it is my own loss that made it possible for me to empathise with my co-researchers. While one co-researcher was affected due to the fact that her husband was infected, became ill and died of HIV and AIDS-related sicknesses, the other two women were both infected by their husbands and at the same time were affected because they had to nurse the same husband who infected them. This was one of the cruelest moments in their lives but they forgave their husbands and cared for them to the end. In order for my research to reach the holistic insight into these women’s stories, I used the postfoundationalist practical theology approach. The reason for this is that this approach is contextual and relevant to people’s everyday life. One does not have to import knowledge to try to solve problems emanating from a particular context, but one needs to engage the locals and from that engagement, people start to reflect positively on their problems. Other lessons learnt is that one needs more than just a religious experience to play a role in solving the problem of HIV and AIDS; one needs more of the other disciplines to work together. In places like Mozambique, HIV and AIDS is not regarded as one of the health problems, but is classified as an interdepartmental or multi-sectoral problem. This means that HIV and AIDS do not affect only the Health Department, but all the departments. As such, each department is expected to have its own HIV and AIDS budget. It is here that I propose the Multi Disciplinary Team (MDT) composed of professionals from different disciplines working together to help solve the problem at hand. HIV and AIDS also help us to revisit our own understanding of God. While some people see the pandemic as the punishment from God for promiscuity, the truth is that we are all created in His image and this loving God does not destroy His own creation through HIV and AIDS. In His loving care, He reaches out to the unreached and cares for all His people: whether they are infected with HIV and AIDS, cancer or just are as healthy as they could be. The process of this research has empowered and enabled me to contribute to those who are infected and affected to be resilient and to stand, having hope in the goodness of God, working with others to bring a lasting solution to those infected and affected. Being resilient helps one to reclaim the marred Image of God in oneself and to reflect that image to impact onto our communities. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Practical Theology / unrestricted