Team projects in engineering are critical sites for professional and personal development as students interact with peers and faculty on projects designed to simulate engineering work. These projects allow students to try on professional roles and establish a sense of identity within their field, which in turn influences their retention through college and into engineering careers. However, team projects can present challenges specific to students from underrepresented populations. While research on women's team experiences is strong, few researchers have studied African-Americans. To fill this gap, the current study explores the experiences of African-American males on multiracial student teams and the impact of those teams on these students' identities. This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach, using a three-interview sequence with eight African-American male engineering students as they worked on team projects at a predominantly white institution (PWI). The interviews gathered background information about each participant, explored the team functionality during the project, and enabled participants to reflect on the team experience. Two theoretical frameworks were considered during the study design: 1) intergroup contact theory provided a lens to explore interracial interactions, and 2) multiple identities provided a lens to analyze the impact of team dynamics on students' intersecting identities. The findings provide a rich understanding of the team experiences of African-American male students that can enhance project-based teaching within engineering to more explicitly attend to team dynamics, including interracial interactions for students of color. Both positive and negative impacts on African-American males in engineering emerged from the intergroup contact within the team environment. Specifically, the results indicate that these participants enjoyed their multiracial student teaming experiences, supported by informal social interactions among team members and generally positive professional interactions. However, the study participants also entered their team experiences fully aware of the negative stereotypes about African-Americans in engineering and proactively worked to dispel those stereotypes. / Ph. D.

Thesis advisor: Michael G. Pratt / In spite of an undeniably vast and multidisciplinary body of research on mergers and acquisitions (M&As) spanning more than 50 years, extant scholarship provides little insight into how two organizations that have struggled to integrate rebound from failure in their relationship. This dissertation examines two organizations—AMC Hospital and Community Hospital—that achieved this outcome nearly 16 years after they legally merged. To understand this phenomenon, I conducted an inductive, longitudinal qualitative study of these two organizations and their members using interviews, archival data, and observations as my data sources and grounded theory techniques to analyze the data and build theory. Extending prior research on M&As, multiple organizational identity management, and identities as resources in organizations, I advance the notion of multiple identity resourcing by examining how the negotiation of multiple organizational identities fostered greater resource sharing and generation during post-merger integration. Additionally, I elaborate prior research on meaning construction during strategic change by examining how managers’ interpretations of the power and intimacy dynamics in the merger relationship influenced their strategizing, which affected organizational-level episodes of success and failure during the integration process. More broadly, I demonstrate how practices at both the level of the merger relationship and the level of strategy implementation enable successful performance during post-merger integration. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management. / Discipline: Management and Organization.

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Who am I? Who are you? Who are we? These are some of the fundamental questions that identity scholars have grappled with since the 1900s when researchers across multiple disciplines first began to theorize about the self, identity, and identification. While the benefits and consequences of singular identities has been largely studied, recent scholars have argued for the importance of multiple identity research, as multiple identities have become increasingly salient to individuals due to societal and organizational changes including globalization and technological advancements. An important phenomenon within multiple identity research is dual identification, of which I explore a specific type– identification with both one's organization and one's profession. Using a three-study, quantitative design spanning two industries, I studied the effects of dual identification and identity conflict on individual psychological outcomes, turnover intentions, and OCB engagement. Findings from these three studies, holistically, indicate that when individuals experience identity conflict between their organizational and professional identities, they experience negative outcomes. These negative outcomes – increased emotional exhaustion, psychological distress, and turnover intentions, in addition to reduced OCB engagement – have important ramifications for the individuals themselves and their organization. However, post-hoc results indicate that dual identification – through the main effects of organizational and professional identification – itself leads to positive outcomes. Thus, whether multiple identities are a boon or burden might be a result of whether an individual has reconciled these identities. Ultimately, this research adds to the identity literature by providing a more nuanced view of multiple identities and their outcomes.

Recentemente è cresciuto l'interesse tra i ricercatori di psicologia applicata nel misurare l'associazione tra identità sociali multiple e adattamento psicologico. Attingendo dal Social Identity Approach, dall'Intersectionality Theory e dalle teorie sull'integrazione identitaria, in questa raccolta di studi viene analizzata la relazione tra identità multiple e adattamento psicologico adottando diversi metodi. / Recently, there has been increased interest among applied psychological researchers in measuring the associations between intersecting social identities and individual psychological adjustment. Drawing upon social identity approach, intersectionality, identity integration theories and research, in this collection of studies we analyze the relationship between multiple identities and psychological outcomes adopting different methods.

Most extant studies on the relationship between workforce diversity and employment inequalities focus on the impact of a single disadvantaged identity on a single employment outcome such as pay or promotion at the organizational level. Thus, the relation between workers’ multiple identities and different dimensions of employment inequalities within the broader social context remains unclear. The goal of this thesis is to start filling this gap. I start with developing a multilevel model of employment inequalities for workers with multiple identities by integrating the social identity theory, double jeopardy hypothesis, intergroup contact theory, and theory of minority group threat. I test this model with two empirical studies using Statistics Canada’s nationally representative Canadian Survey on Disability (2012) linked with the National Household Survey (2011). Labour force participation, employment, and employment income are the dependent variables of this thesis. I examine the intersection of immigrant and disability identity dimensions by focusing on immigrants with disabilities (IwD) as compared to immigrants with no disabilities, Canadian-born with disabilities, and Canadian-born with no disabilities. Study 1 demonstrates that while immigrant and disability identities are independently negatively associated with employment and employment income, having both identities simultaneously has a positive effect on employment and employment income. Furthermore, with the increase of the residential area diversity (RAD), which is determined by the number of immigrants and people with disabilities in a community, IwD’s likelihood of employment increases but employment income decreases. Study 2 shows that the proportion of immigrants in a residential area (RA) is negatively associated with the likelihood of being in the labour force for IwD. Furthermore, perceived work discrimination is negatively associated with labour force participation for IwD. Moreover, perceived work discrimination mediates the relationship between the proportion of immigrants in an RA and labour force participation for IwD. This thesis contributes to theory by (i) developing a multi-level theoretical framework that demonstrate the complex relationship between individuals with multiple identities, organizations, and society, (ii) extending the intergroup contact theory and the theory of minority threat using empirical evidence from individuals with multiple identities rather than focusing on a single identity, (iii) examining multiple employment outcomes at once and demonstrating how employment outcomes might differ based on intersecting identities, and (iv) demonstrating the impact of societal context by incorporating RAD into analysis and showing how the employment outcomes of individuals with multiple identities differ by where they reside. I discuss practical implications of the findings for workers, employers, policymakers, and society. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis examines employment inequalities for workers with multiple identities, focusing on immigrants with disabilities. This thesis has three major findings. First, compared to those who were born in Canada and do not have disabilities, immigrants and people with disabilities are less likely to be on the job market and find a job. They receive lower employment income as well. However, immigrants who have disabilities are more likely to find a job than immigrants with no disabilities and those with disabilities who were born in Canada. Second, as the percentage of immigrants in a community increases, employment income for immigrants with disabilities decreases. Third, as the percentage of immigrants in a community increases, immigrants with disabilities’ chance of being on the job market decreases. Perceived work discrimination plays a role in being on the job market as well. Based on these findings, I provide suggestions for employers, workers, policy makers, and society.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington de Assis Silva.pdf: 1206773 bytes, checksum: d989c961684d0a0692f54651f704b0c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / The novels The Gospel According to Jesus Christ by José Saramago and The Gospel of Barrabas by Jose Roberto Torero and Marcus Aurelius Pimenta dialogue with the biblical text as a parody of the canonical gospels. The present study aims at analyzing the characters Mary of Magdala and Mary Magdalene, respectively, in order to check how close they are and at the same time how different they are from the figure of Magdalene from the Holy Bible as well as what differences and similarities exist between them. In order to achieve this objective, this study considers the studies of Comparative Literature, more precisely, Bakhtin s Dialogic Theory. Moreover, it enters into issues of multiple identities and gender in order to verify in what sense male and female coexist and complement each other and how the displacement of identities helps to construct the subject, regarding the self-consciousness which the characters give to one another through the contact with the other. / Os romances O Evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo, de José Saramago e O Evangelho de Barrabás, de José Roberto Torero e Marcus Aurelius Pimenta travam um diálogo com o texto bíblico, sendo paródia dos evangelhos canônicos. O presente estudo visa analisar as personagens Maria de Magdala e Maria Magdalena, respectivamente, almejando verificar em que sentido elas se aproximam e, ao mesmo tempo, se distanciam da figura da Madalena bíblica e o que há de semelhante e diferente entre elas. Para tal, parte dos estudos de Literatura Comparada, mais precisamente, da teoria do dialogismo bakhtiniano. Ademais, adentra em questões de identidades múltiplas e de gênero para verificar em que sentido o masculino e o feminino convivem e se complementam e de como o deslocamento das identidades auxilia no processo de construção do sujeito, no que tange à autoconsciência que as personagens dão umas às outras através do contato com o outro.

La Guadeloupe s’est construite avec la colonisation européenne à partir de la traite négrière, aux dépens des populations africaines, et de multiples vagues de travailleurs migrants (Indiens, Syriens, etc.). Certains auteurs conceptualisent les dynamiques identitaires et ethniques de ces populations soit par une construction identitaire mixte, la créolisation, en rupture avec « l’Ancien Monde » (Glissant, 1997 ; Bonniol, 2006, etc.), soit par une conception essentialiste, l’afrocentricité, en continuité avec l’Afrique, où l’aliénation des anciens empires coloniaux est dénoncée (Asante, 2007; Mazama, 1997). Comment les jeunes Guadeloupéens urbains d’aujourd’hui se représentent-ils leurs identités ? Participent-ils à ce débat idéologique ? Cette étude analyse treize entretiens semi-dirigés de jeunes d’une vingtaine d’années, résidant à Pointe-à-Pitre et ses périphéries urbaines et majoritairement issus de la culture hip-hop, ainsi qu’une série d’observations participantes réalisées dans les studios d’enregistrement de certains répondants (été 2014). À travers leurs discours, l’ethnicité guadeloupéenne est représentée par une vision pluriethnique et parfois mixte, à une vision d’ascendance africaine. Les représentations créoles ou afrocentriques sont rares. Certains jeunes mettent en avant leur africanité et d’autres s’en éloignent en s’identifiant à des ancêtres esclaves ou à une mixité ethnique. La culture hip-hop a également une place importante dans leurs représentations identitaires. Finalement, il est difficile de faire ressortir une tendance générale dans leurs discours, tant leurs dynamiques identitaires sont variées. Ce mémoire démontre l’intérêt de mettre en valeur la diversité des représentations identitaires et l’importance de considérer les discours identitaires individuels plutôt que ceux collectifs présents notamment dans la créolisation ou l’afrocentricité. / Guadeloupe was built around the slave trade of African people, European colonization, and multiple waves of migrant workers (Indians, Syrians, etc.). Some scholars conceptualize the ethnicities and identities of these populations as mixed and “new”; Creolization, where a link to the "Old World" is no longer relevant (Glissant, 1997: Bonniol 2006, etc.). Others see an essentialist notion of African identity, Afrocentricity, while old colonial empires’ cultural alienations are denounced (Asante, 2007: Mazama, 1997). How do young urban Guadeloupeans represent their own identities today ? Do they participate in this ideological debate through their identifications? This thesis is based on thirteen semi-structured interviews of youths in their twenties living in Pointe-à-Pitre and peripheral urban areas who mainly associate themselves with hip-hop culture, and a series of participant observations made in the recording studios of the project participants (summer 2014). Based on this research, I have concluded that Guadeloupe's collective identity can be represented as multiethnic, sometime comprised of a notion of mixed ethnicity, and often of African ancestry. However, representation of creole or afrocentric is rare. Moreover, some young people put forward their africanity, while others identify themselves with slave ancestors or mixed ethnicity. Hip-hop culture is also an important part of their identity representations. It is difficult to point out speech patterns because their identity dynamics are diversified. This study highlights the diversity of identity representations and the importance of considering individual identity dynamics rather than collective identity discourses present in particular in Creolisation or Afrocentricity

Le salarié d’aujourd’hui ne se définit plus seulement par son travail mais par rapport à toutes les expériences qu’il peut vivre. Il possède des identités multiples, issues de toutes les sphères de la vie et ces identités influencent ses actions et ont des conséquences sur son comportement. L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment les identités multiples d’un salarié interfèrent avec le contexte organisationnel (ressources et exigences) et quelles en sont les conséquences en termes de bien-être et de performance au travail. Pour cela, en s’appuyant sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources (Hobfoll, 1989), trois études empiriques ont été menées auprès d’une population d’enseignants-chercheurs d’Universités Françaises. Plusieurs contributions se dégagent de ces travaux. Premièrement, la nature du rôle médiateur des ressources dans la relation entre identités multiples, bien-être ou performance au travail a été montrée. Celle modératrice des exigences contextuelles également. Deuxièmement, cette recherche contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes identitaires en jeu. Une typologie des stratégies identitaires mises en place par le salarié en réponse aux signaux de son environnement est proposée. La structuration en réseau des identités multiples, hypothèse formulée par Ramarajan (2014) est également mise en exergue. Ainsi, dans un contexte organisationnel, le salarié est soumis aux signaux de son environnement, émanant des ressources et des exigences, qui constituent pour lui une menace ou une opportunité identitaire. En réponse, il met en place des stratégies pour contrer la menace ou saisir l’opportunité. Suivant le résultat de ces stratégies et la structure du réseau d’identités que l’individu possède, la menace ou l’opportunité identitaire peuvent se propager via le réseau dans le réservoir de ressources de l’individu provoquant spirales de perte ou de gain de ressources avec des conséquences sur son bien-être et sa performance individuelle au travail. / The employees are not anymore defined by the work they accomplish, but also by the experiences they live. They have multiple identities from several spheres of life, and these identities influence their actions, and by extension have consequences on their behaviour. The aim of this research is to understand how multiple identities of an employee interfere with the organisational context (resources and exigences), and what the consequences are in term of workplace well-being and individual performance. In that line, three studies based on the resources conservation theory (Hobfoll, 1989) have been conducted with teacher-researchers. This thesis generated several contributions. First, the nature of the mediator role of resources in the relation between multiple identities, workplace well-being and individual performance have been shown. The moderator role for exigences also. Second, this research contributes to a better understanding of identity mechanism in game. A typology of identity strategies elaborated by employees in responses to their environmental signals are suggested. The network structure of multiple identities, a hypothesis expressed by Ramarajan (2014) is also verified. In that sense, in an organisational context, the employee is subjected to environmental signals (from resources and exigences) which establish for them an identity threat or an identity opportunity. In response, they build strategies. According to the results of these strategies, and the identity network structure of the person, the identity threat or identity opportunity can spread via the network within the resources reservoir of the person, generating gain or loss spiral of resources, with consequences on workplace well-being and individual performance.

The current thesis extends research in the area of multiple social identities and identity conflict by focusing on both intergroup and intraindividual process underlying structures of identities, namely, religious, ethnic, and societal (national) identifications. In addition, it examined the influence of political trust, and perceived discrimination the relationship between ethnic and societal identification for disadvantaged ethnic groups in Turkey. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the process of identity organization both inter group and in group. While, the first study addresses intergroup differentiations of these identities, second study focused on intraindividual process of these identities&#039 / structure. Supporting hypothesis stemming from Social Identity Theory and Optimal Distinctiveness Theory, political trust and perceived discrimination have roles of mediation in the relationship ethnic and societal identification, by contrast with secular and religious identities in the relationship. Results were discussed for their implications to politic context of the Turkey.