Dans le cadre de ce doctorat sur la représentation des bijoux féminins dans les portraits de l’Égypte romaine, les recherches se concentraient sur les « portraits du Fayoum » et masques funéraires des trois premiers siècles après J.-C.Bien que les masques funéraires et les portraits du Fayoum aient été le sujet de plusieurs publications pendant ces dernières années, il nous manquait encore une étude détaillée sur les bijoux féminins qui s’inspiraient presque exclusivement de la mode romaine. Une classification chronologique de ces portraits, mais aussi des masques funéraires, pouvait être obtenue par les coiffures féminines. Par conséquence, la distinction des portraits par époque nous permettait d’identifier les changements dans la mode des bijoux pendant les trois premiers siècles après J.-C., en donnant aux archéologues la possibilité de classifier encore mieux certains types de bijoux qui sont découverts pendant des fouilles ou sur le marché de l’art. Dans le cadre ce cette étude, les diverses représentations de bijoux, en provenance d’autres provinces romaines mais aussi des originaux, appartenant à des trésors et à des tombes datés étaient également consultés. L’application de nos résultats à d’autres contextes géographiques est toujours légitime, car les mêmes principaux types de bijoux étaient utilisés dans tout l’empire romain.Grâce à toutes ces données, il était possible de reconstruire les différents aspects de la mode des bijoux pour les différentes dynasties impériales pendant les trois premiers siècles après J.-C. / This particular PhD research project focuses on the representation of jewellery on “Fayum portraits” and mummy masks from Roman Egypt. Even though Roman mummy masks and the so called “Fayum portraits” have been the subject of numerous research in recent years, a detailed study on the individuals’ jewellery is still missing up to this date. This is particularly regrettable because females on these portraits are almost exclusively wearing Roman-type jewellery. A chronological order that includes a precise dating must be obtained by the female hairstyles that have been influenced by Roman fashion dispersed in the Roman Empire through representations in form of busts, coins and paintings of the Empresses and members of the imperial families. Consequently, this chronological order allows us to identify the various changes in the jewellery fashion throughout the imperial dynasties of the first three centuries A.D. A goal of the chronological classification of jewellery in the art of Roman Egypt is to help future researchers to date jewellery more precisely, in particular – which is quite common for jewellery - when their provenance is unknown or imprecise. The results will be complemented by representations of jewellery in art from other regions of the Empire but also by actual dated finds. Finally, all these factors will help to obtain a better understanding of Roman jewellery fashion, its distribution and even more which types were “à la mode” at what particular time.

With each generation arrives at a new understanding and specifically creates a new representation of the ancient pharaoh Tutankhamun. My study analyzes the role of Tutankhamun in American media and popular culture, especially the changing depictions of the Pharaoh over time. My thesis discusses the historical Tutankhamμn and the how this differs from the "Golden Boy" Tut popularized in modem times since the discovering of the tomb by Howard Carter. His discovery launched an Egyptomania craze periodically resurged over the course of the century~ particularly in the years immediately following the find, 1978t and in 2005-2007. My analysis further explores why American society fashioned particular representations of Tutankbamun, and Egypt as a whole from his tomb that contained insufficient connections with the historical King Tutanlqiamun. The study concentrates on three time periods distinct by heightened fascination - the opening of the tomb and the first and second museum touring of the Tut exhibits in the United States. The created images are exploited for monetary gain by the media while driven by Western society as a measure of our own cultural self--definition. Each modification of the Pharaoh reflects the changing culture of American society.

Early engagement in sexual activities amongst adolescents has become a worldwide concern, with studies finding them to begin as early as 12 or earlier (Booysen & Summerton, 2000; Dowsett & Aggleton, 1999). The behaviour becomes even more concerning when youths engage in sexual relationships which are considered as “risky”, that is, that put their health and wellbeing in danger. According to Trends (2010), such behaviour increases one’s risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, this study investigated risky sexual behaviours amongst adolescents living in the rural areas. The motivation was twofold, namely: to change the behaviours and to strengthen school sexuality education programme. The study aligned itself to qualitative paradigm and adopted a case study design. Data was collected using focus interviews with 20 adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) in the age range of 15-17 years, who were selected following purposive sampling. The findings revealed adolescents’ tendencies of engaging in risky sexual behaviours such as: sexual relationship with older people, involvement with multiple partners, unstable relationship, pornography, sex in exchange of money. Factors contributing to these behaviours include: limited sexuality education, parents not teaching about sexuality education, lack of good role models, poverty, and fear to disclose problems to teachers, ostentatious lifestyles, peer pressure, and myths about sex. Suggestions put forth for preventing involving risky sexual behaviours include: appropriate school programmes, good learner-teacher relationship, effective communication with parents, strengthening of the learning content of Life Orientation, discipline at home, good friends, closing down of illegal taverns, illegalising sex with young boys and girls and restricting access to pornography on the internet. In conclusion, I suggest that the problem be addressed ecosystematically. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Partant de la définition que donne Patrick Brantlinger du gothique impérial victorien, ce travail aborde la manière dont l’Egypte, à travers le prisme de l’archéologie, est devenue un objet littéraire dans les dernières années du XIXe siècle. À mi-chemin entre science et aventure impériale, l’archéologie – et, plus particulièrement, l’égyptologie – est vite devenue un motif gothique, comme en témoignent les nombreux romans et nouvelles qui composent le genre de la mummy fiction. En examinant les écrits de Bram Stoker, Henry Rider Haggard, Arthur Conan Doyle et Sax Rohmer, entre autres, cette thèse considère la manière dont le motif archéologique a parcouru différents genres populaires, depuis le roman d’aventures jusqu’au fantastique, avant d’être approprié par le roman policier. L’étude de ces textes révèle combien l’histoire antique de l’Egypte, liée à un imaginaire magique, fascinait autant qu’elle effrayait dans la mesure où elle semblait ébranler les certitudes de la science moderne. Dans le même temps, l’histoire politique contemporaine de l’Egypte – et son statut ambigu au sein de l’Empire britannique – générait également une certaine angoisse, qu’alimentait la crainte du déclin et de la dégénérescence de l’Empire et de la civilisation britannique. La représentation fictionnelle de l’antiquité égyptienne – et de la figure de la momie en particulier – traduit la peur grandissante avec laquelle les Britanniques considéraient un Empire qui, à la manière des momies égyptiennes, menaçait de se soulever et de se venger du colonisateur. C’est ainsi que l’archéologie peut être lue comme une métaphore des relations et des angoisses impériales tandis que la momie incarne ce que l’on peut interpréter comme un refoulé impérial arraché aux profondeurs de l’inconscient collectif britannique au moment même où Freud développait les méthodes de la psychanalyse. / Taking Patrick Brantlinger’s definition of late-Victorian imperial Gothic as a starting point, this dissertation considers how Egypt became a literary object in the late nineteenth century through the prism of archaeology. Pertaining as much to science as to imperial adventure, archaeology – and Egyptology in particular – soon entered fiction as a Gothic trope, as is evinced by the great number of novels and short stories that form the genre of mummy fiction. By focussing on texts by Bram Stoker, Henry Rider Haggard, Arthur Conan Doyle and Sax Rohmer, among others, this work examines how the archaeological motif travelled through various popular genres, from the adventure novel to the fantastic, before being taken up by writers of detective fiction. The study of these texts reveals that Egypt’s ancient history, full of magical potential, was an object of fascination as well as fear insofar as it seemed to shatter the certainties of modern science. Meanwhile, the modern political history of Egypt – and its ambiguous position within the British Empire – also engendered a certain anxiety, fuelled by a more general concern about the decline and degeneration of the Empire and British civilisation. The depiction of Egyptian antiquity in fiction – and the figure of the mummy in particular – conveys the growing unease with which the British viewed an Empire which, quite like Egyptian mummies, threatened to rise and wreak its revenge upon the coloniser. Thus, archaeology came to stand for a metaphor of imperial relations and anxieties while the mummy embodied what can be read as an imperial repressed excavated from the depths of the collective British subconscious at the time when Freud was developing the method of psychoanalysis.

Early engagement in sexual activities amongst adolescents has become a worldwide concern, with studies finding them to begin as early as 12 or earlier (Booysen & Summerton, 2000; Dowsett & Aggleton, 1999). The behaviour becomes even more concerning when youths engage in sexual relationships which are considered as “risky”, that is, that put their health and wellbeing in danger. According to Trends (2010), such behaviour increases one’s risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, this study investigated risky sexual behaviours amongst adolescents living in the rural areas. The motivation was twofold, namely: to change the behaviours and to strengthen school sexuality education programme. The study aligned itself to qualitative paradigm and adopted a case study design. Data was collected using focus interviews with 20 adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) in the age range of 15-17 years, who were selected following purposive sampling. The findings revealed adolescents’ tendencies of engaging in risky sexual behaviours such as: sexual relationship with older people, involvement with multiple partners, unstable relationship, pornography, sex in exchange of money. Factors contributing to these behaviours include: limited sexuality education, parents not teaching about sexuality education, lack of good role models, poverty, and fear to disclose problems to teachers, ostentatious lifestyles, peer pressure, and myths about sex. Suggestions put forth for preventing involving risky sexual behaviours include: appropriate school programmes, good learner-teacher relationship, effective communication with parents, strengthening of the learning content of Life Orientation, discipline at home, good friends, closing down of illegal taverns, illegalising sex with young boys and girls and restricting access to pornography on the internet. In conclusion, I suggest that the problem be addressed ecosystematically. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)