Hope accompanied El Salvador’s peace agreements, ending 12 years of civil war. New peace and democratic renewal were expected in the tiny Central American state. Instead, extreme violence has persisted as a lived experience for individuals and a part of its state operations. Successive governments proved unable to consolidate control over the post-war crime wave. ‘Tough on crime’ public policy agendas, which included hard-handed violence-repression tactics, had little success in mitigating insecurity. In 2009, a new ex-guerrilla party, the National Liberation Front ‘Farabundo Marti’ (FMLN), was elected on a hope and change platform. The party was committed to a new approach in security governance. This presented an opportunity to study the interactions of implicated actors as they negotiated the governance of security. It raises the question: To what extent did security governance change under the FMLN government during their first administration (2009-2014)? To address this question requires an understanding of situated security concepts and an examination of the spaces created for actor interactions to formulate the policy guiding security governance. Broadly, security is often considered to be a response to the issues threatening state, society, or the individual. In the Latin American context, this expansion largely took place within the concept of citizen security – a term which recognised both rights and responsibilities within the state. However, the term has also been responsible for problematising institutional weaknesses or failure where an apparent inability to control violence is observed, justifying the inclusion of a range of non-state security actors. Theories of hybridity or state transformation instead posit that the gaze should be directed on those spaces where security problems, once identified, are managed in practice (Hameiri & Jones, 2015). For this study, three ‘levels’ of security governance are addressed: the national government, the Central American regional diplomatic structure, and strategic municipal jurisdictions. Second, by providing this multi-levelled analysis, the study includes the regional level, which is often ignored in existing Central American security studies. This is crucial to an understanding of the multiple and often competing agendas organising and supporting security interventions within El Salvador in a regional context of transnational threats. Third, this investigation shows the operational changes required of government institutions when other actors are introduced as authoritative participants in the process. Despite multi-actor, multi-level security governance strategies working to mobilise new actors, security concepts, and operational frameworks to reduce and manage security issues, many practical governance efforts enjoy only limited term results. This thesis concludes that broad changes in security governance structures are likely to be continually mitigated by traditional forces, limiting the potential for true transformation of security policy approaches.

This paper deals with the transformation of the institutional link between peripheral populations(rural and indigenous) and the state, in the context of the creation and implementationof a republican government trying to change former institutions and practices of the colonialPeruvian state. It addresses the transition from councils of Indians as instances of ethnic representationand local authority towards new forms of community representation, based onties of ownership rather than by jurisdictions. It is proposed that the transformation of indigenousgovernment institutions in rural areas of central and northern Peru went through three successive processes: 1) an initial stage of tolerance of two organization models of indigenousauthority, a modern one that adopted new republican institutional forms, and a traditional onethat replicated colonial self-government institutions; 2) an intermediate stage which sought toinstitutionalize the new authorities in the middle of disputes concerning territorial control andland property; and 3) the consolidation of the republican municipal model, marked by the expulsionof indigenous people and collective models of state government, which produced theseparation of spaces and jurisdictions between municipal authorities and landowners. / Este artículo aborda las transformaciones del vínculo institucional entre las poblacionesperiféricas (rurales e indígenas) y el Estado durante la creación e implementación de ungobierno republicano que intentaba cambiar las instituciones y prácticas del Estado colonialperuano. Desarrolla el tránsito de los cabildos de indios como instancias de representaciónétnica y de autoridad local hacia nuevas formas comunitarias de representación,fundadas en lazos de propiedad antes que por ámbitos jurisdiccionales. Propone que latransformación de las instituciones de gobierno indígena en los espacios rurales del centroy norte peruanos pasó por tres procesos sucesivos: 1) una etapa inicial de tolerancia de dosmodelos de organización de la autoridad indígena, uno moderno, que adoptó las nuevasformas institucionales republicanas y otro tradicional, que reprodujo las formas colonialesde autogobierno; 2) una etapa intermedia que buscó institucionalizar las nuevas autoridadesen medio de las disputas por el control y la propiedad del territorio; y 3) la consolidación delmodelo municipal republicano, marcado por la expulsión de los indígenas y los modeloscolectivos de gobierno del Estado, lo que generó la separación de espacios y jurisdiccionesentre la autoridad municipal y los propietarios territoriales.

Community participation in municipal affairs is the bedrock of participatory democracy, and it has been hailed as the panacea for most public community programmes in South Africa. High-level public community participation empowers communities, increases self-reliance, self-awareness and confidence in self-examination of problems and seeking solutions for them. Community behavioural changes are promoted and utilisation and support of services is facilitated, which are of great significance to all community efforts, especially in areas where the service delivery rate from municipalities is low. The vehicle for driving community participation is the system of ward committees, legislation that is rooted in the Constitution, the Municipal Structures Act, and the Municipal Systems Act. The study sees community participation as people being involved in government decision-making that affects them directly or indirectly. It involves three types of action, namely facilitating rational deliberation, creating and communicating moral principles, and expressing personal and group affects and needs. This research investigated the role of ward committees in enhancing community participation from a South African perspective. Municipalities are organisations tasked with ensuring the equal distribution of services to local communities. Municipalities were chosen on the basis of commitment to communicate effectively with the community and in turn to encourage the community to participate fully in municipal activities. The study is conducted within the parameters of the Constitution of South Africa (1996), which mandates local government to provide a democratic and accountable local government, and to encourage the involvement of communities in the matters of local government. Section 152(1)(e) of the Constitution stipulates that the objective of local government, amongst others, is to ensure the involvement of communities and community organisations in matters of local government, and section 73 of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act (Act No. 117 of 1998), further requires municipalities to establish ward committees in a manner that seeks to enhance participatory democracy at the local sphere of government. The study therefore investigated the role of ward committees in enhancing community participation. Ward committees are advisory bodies created at ward level in terms of the Municipal Structures Act (Act No. 117 of 1998), and consist of the ward councillor (who is the chair) and not more than 10 members representing diverse groups within a particular ward. The White Paper on Local Government (1998) further indicates that municipal councils should promote the involvement of citizens and community groups in the design and delivery of municipal programmes. A literature survey was conducted to investigate and conceptualise the role of ward committees in enhancing community participation, and to determine the responsibilities of ward committees in municipalities. A desktop approach was used to track down useful existing pre-published information (also known as secondary research), with the data collection coming from secondary sources, such as municipal records. A number of recommendations regarding the improvement of ward committees were made. Recommendations are provided for enhancing community participation in different municipalities in South Africa. It is envisaged that these changes could impact positively in encouraging community participation and ultimately improve service delivery.

This research conducts an examination of the efficacy of placing municipalities under administration with the overriding objective of determining the appropriate strategies that can be recommended for improving governance in municipalities. In a bid to achieve this overriding objective, the entire research process was guided by the research objectives and questions that examined; tools used to evaluate the success of provincial interventions, governance of Mnquma Municipality pre and post the intervention strategies which are used for improving municipal governance. Although the secondary research was accomplished through the review and analysis of the relevant literatures and theories, the qualitative research approach was used in the primary research process. The findings of the study indicate that achieving effective municipal governance in South Africa is far from being attained. In terms of the principles for effective governance, the study reveals that the effective implementations of good governance principles in municipalities is marred by factors that include; poor definitions of terms of reference of intervention processes, poor definition of what poor governance in municipalities, lack of evaluation tools for intervention and a process that is highly dependent on subjectivity which subjects it to undue external influence. In thediscussions, it was argued that this subsequently contribute poor working environment, non-improving municipal governance, lack of commitment and non-improving quality of service delivery. However, it was noted that there is still ineffective applications strategies which can be used for improving municipal governance in South Africa. While considering the primary and secondary findings of the study, it was recommended that despite all the contrasting views on the intervention, there was a lot of common ground on the strategies that could be used to improve municipal governance which should be implemented in municipalities.

Part of a new cohort of diplomatic actors, sub-state governments represent a particularly complex challenge for our understanding of international relations. These actors are both territorially constituted and governmental; they look and sound very similar to states. Crucially, however, they are not states at all. When paradiplomatic relations are conducted on the part of sub-state governments with a strong regional identity, in particular ‘stateless nations’, there can sometimes be challenge – implicit or explicit – to the authority of the state to speak for, or represent, its people. This thesis takes three such stateless nations: Wales, Scotland and Bavaria, and analyses their paradiplomatic activities. The unique political context in each of these case studies is used as a frame within which to understand and interpret both the motivations and implications of such activities. Using a conceptual toolkit less familiar to traditional paradiplomatic analysis, including sovereignty games, performativity and mimicry, the study explores the ways in which sub-state governments acquire international agency, and the extent to which this agency is contested by other actors. Despite the range in political ambitions in each of the stateless nations considered, the paradiplomatic activities they conducted were often remarkably similar. What differed, however, was the way that these activities were interpreted, depending on the political context and the tenor of inter-governmental relations within the state. The paradox of paradiplomacy is that in many ways it remains unremarkable in its day-to-day practices. Yet, at other times, sub-state governments use their international relationships to make important claims about their status and position within their state, the currency of exchanges becoming that rarefied concept: sovereignty. Using a marginal site of international relations such as paradiplomacy, this thesis explores the heterogeneity of the field and the variety of relationships that exist and persist within it.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:59:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fab.pdf: 5932314 bytes, checksum: 855891fe4bad041f7511de0c08c6ee63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation concerned the matter of the Cultural Patrimony related to the Florianópolis city (SC) focusing municipal administration performance. The questions which guide the study search to analyze the upsurge concerned to the field of Cultural Patrimony of Florianópolis looking at goals, taken attitudes, motivations, searching to comprehend the symbolic relationship established to the Florianópolis city, with previous experiences, and the tension performed due to the expectations of an outstanding future involving the Florianópolis city. Such questions search to comprehend how the Florianopolitana society sought through its governmental institutions to deal and perpetuate elements of a past which judged to symbolize it. The period between 1974 and 2008 was taken into consideration, the time in which the actions and institutions of the government appeared and expanded. The research utilised mainly documents produced by the administrative archives of the organs connected to the Florianópolis Cultural Patrimony, along with the law project processes from its Municipal Chamber. Singular happenings and the trajectory of institutions creation were assessed, both concerning the Florianópolis Cultural Patrimony. The study highlighted the particularities of the field mentioned, and occurring within a progressive expansion of its universe of performance and interest, in a relationship with the today history regime / Esta dissetação abordou a questão do Patrimônio Cultural, relacionado à cidade de Florianópolis-SC, enfocando a atuação do governo municipal. As questões que orientaram a pesquisa procuraram analisar o surgimento e desdobramentos relacionados ao campo do Patrimônio Cultural de Florianópolis, considerando objetivos, atitudes tomadas, motivações, procurando entender a relação simbólica estabelecida com a cidade de Florianópolis, com experiências anteriores e a tensão exercida pelas expectativas de futuro vislumbradas com relação a cidade. Essas questões procuraram entender como a sociedade florianopolitana buscou, através de suas instituições governamentais, lidar e perpetuar elementos de um passado que julgava simbolizá-la. Foi abordado o período que compreendeu os anos de 1974 a 2008, época em que surgiram e progressivamente se expandiram as ações e instituições do governo municipal. A pesquisa utilizou principalmente documentos produzidos pelos arquivos administrativos de órgãos ligados ao patrimônio cultural em Florianópolis, além dos processos de projetos de lei de sua Câmara Municipal. Foram abordados acontecimentos singulares e a trajetória de criação de instituições, ambos relacionados às questões do Patrimônio Cultural de Florianópolis. A pesquisa evidenciou as particularidades da trajetória de atuação do campo do patrimônio cultural florianopolitano, além do fato de ocorrer uma progressiva expansão de seu universo de atuação e interesse, numa relação com o regime de historicidade vigente

A atual conjuntura econômica e social implica mudanças de comportamento do Estado, sobretudo quanto à forma de administrá-lo. Neste contexto, é imprescindível a compreensão das ferramentas que possuem o condão de auxiliar na concretização do novo modelo de gestão sob o prisma da governança (o meio/o como) relacionada à governabilidade (Poder/Ações Políticas/Legitimidade). Sob o enfoque moderno da Administração, a evolução da gestão está diametralmente ligada ao desenvolvimento do Controle Interno, o qual não pode ser visto apenas como mecanismo de apuração de irregularidades, embora esta seja uma de suas funções. Com efeito, este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a importância do controle interno como instrumento de aprimoramento da gestão pública voltada à concretização dos direitos e garantias dos administrados (usuários – shareholders do Estado) e legitimação do governo, evidenciando o funcionamento e as estruturas de controle dos municípios paranaenses e sua relação com os processos de prestação de contas apresentados junto ao Tribunal de Contas do Estado. Através da pesquisa de campo realizada junto às controladorias dos municípios paranaenses, aliada às análises dos 399 processos de prestação de contas do exercício financeiro de 2010, bem como ao referencial teórico, foi possível constatar que a efetividade do sistema de controle interno impacta nas irregularidades (restrições) e ressalvas (recomendações) observadas nos processos analisados. Outrossim, resta demonstrado que o sistema de controle se constitui como inquestionável instrumento de governança e governabilidade na gestão da res pública. / The current economic and social status implies in changes in behavior of the state, especially in how to administer it. In this context, it is essential to understand the tools that have the power to assist in the implementation of the new management model through the prism of governance (the way / the how) related to governability (Power / Share Policies / Legitimacy). Under the modern approach of Administration, the evolution of management is diametrically linked to the development of internal control, which cannot be seen only as a mechanism for investigation of irregularities, although this is one of its functions. Indeed, this paper aims to discuss the importance of internal control as a means of improving public management focused on the realization of the rights and guarantees of citizens (users - shareholders of the State) and legitimacy of the government, highlighting the functions and control structures the municipalities of Paraná and its relation to the processes of accountability presented by the Court of the State. Through research along the controladorias Paraná State counties, combined with analysis of 399 cases of accountability in fiscal year of 2010 as well as the theoretical framework, it was found that the effectiveness of the internal control system impacts on irregularities (restrictions) and caveats (recommendations) observed in the processes analyzed. Moreover, there is shown that the control system is constituted as unquestioned instrument of governance and governability in managing public res.

Esta pesquisa objetiva discutir a importância do empreendedorismo no setor público brasileiro, a partir da análise das iniciativas empreendedoras na gestão de pessoas por meio do desenvolvimento de competências, como estratégia para a melhoria da gestão e atuação dos governos municipais. Na busca pela melhoria da performance dos governos, a Administração Pública passa por diversos processos de mudanças que atingem as dimensões sociais, econômicas, ambientais e culturais, afetando principalmente as formas e a velocidade da comunicação e o acesso a bens e serviços, desenhando novos paradigmas para a noção de qualidade de vida e bem estar do cidadão e da sociedade, e, consequentemente, alterando os padrões dos processos e da função pública. Nesta vertente, o debate sobre empreendedorismo associado à atuação pública, ainda incipiente para a academia e os governos, torna-se tema de relevância para compreender estas mudanças e atuar neste cenário dinâmico e em constante transformação. Assim, diante da necessidade da modernização e da profissionalização da gestão pública, e dos servidores gestores públicos para dar conta de atender as demandas emergentes da população, destaca-se como problema desta pesquisa a seguinte questão: O Plano de Gestão por Competências adotado na Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba,pode ser considerada uma ação pública empreendedora? Para compreender esta questão, este trabalho de pesquisa objetiva especificamente: Discutir os conceitos de empreendedorismo público e apresentar as principais mudanças ocorridas na gestão pública brasileira a partir do debate sobre a reforma do estado e os modelos gerenciais de gestão, desde o período da República Velha; Apresentar o modelo de gestão por competências; e Caracterizar o perfil de gestão da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba – PMC no que se refere: a sua natureza organizacional, a adoção do modelo de gestão por competências e empreendedorismo público. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de um estudo de caso da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba – PMC por meio do Instituto Municipal de Administração Pública – IMAP, no período de 2009 a 2012, quando foram adotados os contratos de gestão,acordos de cooperação e a implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento de Competências. Estas ferramentas de gestão foram utilizadas para o alinhamento da gestão municipal e constituíram instrumentos para a gestão das mudanças. A abordagem do problema se caracteriza como qualitativa, com vistas à investigação dos fatos para a compreensão da sua essência. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: análise observacional dos fatos ocorridos no período, pesquisa documental e aplicação do questionário aos gestores da PMC. Os principais resultados mostram que a PMC passou por uma série de mudanças estratégicas na sua gestão, sendo uma delas a forma de se gerenciar as pessoas por meio das competências; e apesar desta ação ser uma forma de se inovar e/ou empreender na gestão pública, ela não é percebida pelos gestores e/ou técnicos municipais; ademais, o modelo de gestão adotado pela PMC ainda possui características híbridas por mesclar o enfoque burocrático, gerencial e empreendedor. / This paper discusses the importance of entrepreneurship in the Brazilian public sector by analyzing the entrepreneurial initiatives in managing people through competence development and strategies to improve management and administration performance of municipal administration. In the search to improve its performance, the public administration undergoes several improvement processes that change social, economic, environmental and cultural spheres, affecting communication dynamics and access to products and services, establishing paradigms on life quality and well-being to society and consequently improving processes and public functions standards. Regarding this subject, the discussion about the entrepreneurship associated to the public service action is still incipient in the academy and the government. Although, this becomes an important subject to understand changes and act in the constantly changing scenario. Thus, considering the modernization and professionalization necessities of the public administration and the public server managers to cope with the emergent demands from the population, it is possible to highlight the following question as the main interrogation in this research: Can the skill managing plan from the Curitiba Municipal Administration be considered as an entrepreneurship action? Additionally, to complement this study, the following objectives are defined: Present the main changes occurred to Brazilian public management from the discussion about the state improvement and the current managing models since the First Brazilian Republic historical period; Discuss the public entrepreneurship and skills management concepts; Distinguish the Curitiba Municipal Administration profile regarding its organizational characteristics, skills managing model and public entrepreneurship. Regarding the methodology, it is a study case from the Curitiba Municipal Administration (PMC) from the Municipal Institute of Public Administration (IMAP), from 2009 to 2012, the period when management contracts and cooperation agreements were adopted as instruments to alignments in the municipal administration. It is also the moment in which the skills development management plan is considered an instrument to manage changes. The approach to the problem is qualitative and considers the investigation of evidences to validate correct understanding. The methods used were observational analysis of the facts in the current period, document research and survey the PMC managers (directors, coordinators, techs, secretaries and presidents). The results demonstrated advances in discussion to improve the understanding of questions about entrepreneurship in public administration with objective to offer arguments to the efficacy of public policies. The conclusion is that, despite the lack of acceptance and understanding of the public entrepreneurship, the daily actions demonstrated evolution of the public administration showing the possibility to adopt the public entrepreneurship as a resource to improve the public administration.

Esta pesquisa objetiva discutir a importância do empreendedorismo no setor público brasileiro, a partir da análise das iniciativas empreendedoras na gestão de pessoas por meio do desenvolvimento de competências, como estratégia para a melhoria da gestão e atuação dos governos municipais. Na busca pela melhoria da performance dos governos, a Administração Pública passa por diversos processos de mudanças que atingem as dimensões sociais, econômicas, ambientais e culturais, afetando principalmente as formas e a velocidade da comunicação e o acesso a bens e serviços, desenhando novos paradigmas para a noção de qualidade de vida e bem estar do cidadão e da sociedade, e, consequentemente, alterando os padrões dos processos e da função pública. Nesta vertente, o debate sobre empreendedorismo associado à atuação pública, ainda incipiente para a academia e os governos, torna-se tema de relevância para compreender estas mudanças e atuar neste cenário dinâmico e em constante transformação. Assim, diante da necessidade da modernização e da profissionalização da gestão pública, e dos servidores gestores públicos para dar conta de atender as demandas emergentes da população, destaca-se como problema desta pesquisa a seguinte questão: O Plano de Gestão por Competências adotado na Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba,pode ser considerada uma ação pública empreendedora? Para compreender esta questão, este trabalho de pesquisa objetiva especificamente: Discutir os conceitos de empreendedorismo público e apresentar as principais mudanças ocorridas na gestão pública brasileira a partir do debate sobre a reforma do estado e os modelos gerenciais de gestão, desde o período da República Velha; Apresentar o modelo de gestão por competências; e Caracterizar o perfil de gestão da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba – PMC no que se refere: a sua natureza organizacional, a adoção do modelo de gestão por competências e empreendedorismo público. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de um estudo de caso da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba – PMC por meio do Instituto Municipal de Administração Pública – IMAP, no período de 2009 a 2012, quando foram adotados os contratos de gestão,acordos de cooperação e a implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento de Competências. Estas ferramentas de gestão foram utilizadas para o alinhamento da gestão municipal e constituíram instrumentos para a gestão das mudanças. A abordagem do problema se caracteriza como qualitativa, com vistas à investigação dos fatos para a compreensão da sua essência. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: análise observacional dos fatos ocorridos no período, pesquisa documental e aplicação do questionário aos gestores da PMC. Os principais resultados mostram que a PMC passou por uma série de mudanças estratégicas na sua gestão, sendo uma delas a forma de se gerenciar as pessoas por meio das competências; e apesar desta ação ser uma forma de se inovar e/ou empreender na gestão pública, ela não é percebida pelos gestores e/ou técnicos municipais; ademais, o modelo de gestão adotado pela PMC ainda possui características híbridas por mesclar o enfoque burocrático, gerencial e empreendedor. / This paper discusses the importance of entrepreneurship in the Brazilian public sector by analyzing the entrepreneurial initiatives in managing people through competence development and strategies to improve management and administration performance of municipal administration. In the search to improve its performance, the public administration undergoes several improvement processes that change social, economic, environmental and cultural spheres, affecting communication dynamics and access to products and services, establishing paradigms on life quality and well-being to society and consequently improving processes and public functions standards. Regarding this subject, the discussion about the entrepreneurship associated to the public service action is still incipient in the academy and the government. Although, this becomes an important subject to understand changes and act in the constantly changing scenario. Thus, considering the modernization and professionalization necessities of the public administration and the public server managers to cope with the emergent demands from the population, it is possible to highlight the following question as the main interrogation in this research: Can the skill managing plan from the Curitiba Municipal Administration be considered as an entrepreneurship action? Additionally, to complement this study, the following objectives are defined: Present the main changes occurred to Brazilian public management from the discussion about the state improvement and the current managing models since the First Brazilian Republic historical period; Discuss the public entrepreneurship and skills management concepts; Distinguish the Curitiba Municipal Administration profile regarding its organizational characteristics, skills managing model and public entrepreneurship. Regarding the methodology, it is a study case from the Curitiba Municipal Administration (PMC) from the Municipal Institute of Public Administration (IMAP), from 2009 to 2012, the period when management contracts and cooperation agreements were adopted as instruments to alignments in the municipal administration. It is also the moment in which the skills development management plan is considered an instrument to manage changes. The approach to the problem is qualitative and considers the investigation of evidences to validate correct understanding. The methods used were observational analysis of the facts in the current period, document research and survey the PMC managers (directors, coordinators, techs, secretaries and presidents). The results demonstrated advances in discussion to improve the understanding of questions about entrepreneurship in public administration with objective to offer arguments to the efficacy of public policies. The conclusion is that, despite the lack of acceptance and understanding of the public entrepreneurship, the daily actions demonstrated evolution of the public administration showing the possibility to adopt the public entrepreneurship as a resource to improve the public administration.

This study was conducted at Engcobo Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province to assess the role of municipal structures and systems in the implementation of small town revitalisation strategy. From onset, it highlights that numerous attempts to implement small town revitalisation have failed because of lack of institutional capacity. In addressing this problem, the study outlined the following objectives. To assess role played by municipal structures and systems on implementation of small town revitalisation. To identify institutional challenges experienced during implementation of small town revitalisation strategy. To propose alternative institutional measures that can lead to effective implementation of small town revitalisation. In achieving the study’s objectives; literature from both developed and developing countries was reviewed and it was learnt that institutional capacity is important for efficient implementation of the strategy. Systems theory was also reviewed so as to provide conceptual basis that underpins this study. Data was collected through primary methods and secondary sources. Research participants were chosen by random sampling from councillors, managers, business and traditional leaders. Research findings revealed that there were institutional problems which hinder implementation of the strategy such as lack of competent human resources, insufficient budget and shortages of machinery. Through analysis of findings, the research proposed that small town revitalisation strategy should be reformulated and role of municipal structures be clearly defined. Both councillors and officials should be capacitated. The study further recommended that local people and stakeholders should be involved in the conception and implementation of small town revitalisation strategy. Areas for further research were proposed at the end.