Houve, durante meados do século vinte, diversos episódios de colaborações entre artistas e arquitetos no Uruguai, especialmente em Montevidéu, que contribuíram significativamente para a história da arquitetura e arte moderna no país. Estes episódios, marcados por alguns personagens em comum, porém de características distintas, se relacionaram à temática da integração plástica e culminaram em obras significativas dentro do panorama da arquitetura moderna Latino-americana. Diversos foram os arquitetos e artistas que de alguma forma ou outra colaboraram para estes episódios, porém se propõe analisar quatro obras de três arquitetos, que se aproximam, em alguns aspectos, através de determinadas características em comum: A Residência Mario Lorieto em Montevidéu, do arquiteto Ernesto Leborgne e colaborações dos artistas Francisco Matto, Manuel Pailós, Horácio Torres, Julio Alpuy, Edwin Studer e Manuel Otero (1964), a Residência do arquiteto Mario Payssé Reyes em Montevidéu e os murais de Edwin Studer, Julio Alpuy, Francisco Matto, Augusto Torres e Elsa Andrada (1954), o Seminário Arquidiocesano em Toledo (Zona rural de Montevidéu) do arquiteto Mario Payssé Reyes e os murais de Horácio Torres (1961) e, por último, o Urnário do Cemitério Norte de Montevidéu, do arquiteto Nelson Bayardo e mural de Edwin Studer (1959). Procura-se, através deste trabalho, melhor compreender as trajetórias de Leborgne, Payssé e Bayardo, a importância das obras destes arquitetos e suas contribuições à temática da integração plástica dentro da história da arquitetura moderna. Busca-se também entender as relações entre artes e arquitetura que integram suas obras e identificar as características que as aproximam. / There was, during the mid-twentieth century, numerous episodes of collaborations between artists and architects in Uruguay, especially in Montevideo, which contributed significantly to the history of architecture and modern art in the country. These episodes, defined by some characters in common, though of certain different features, were related to the theme of plastic integration and culminated in important works within the overview of Latin American modern architecture. Many were the architects and artists who in some way or another contributed to these episodes, though it is intended to analyze four works by three architects, which approximate, in some aspects, through certain characteristics in common: Mario Lorieto’s Residence in Montevideo, of the architect Ernesto Leborgne and collaborations of the artists Francisco Matto, Manuel Pailós, Horácio Torres, Julio Alpuy, Edwin Studer and Manuel Otero (1964), The Residence of the architect Mario Payssé Reyes in Montevideo and murals by Edwin Studer, Julio Alpuy, Francisco Matto Augusto Torres and Elsa Andrada (1954), The Archdiocesan Seminary in Toledo (Rural area of Montevideo) of the architect Mario Payssé Reyes and murals by Horácio Torres (1961) and, finally, The North Cemetery Ossuary in Montevideo, of the architect Nelson Bayardo and mural by Edwin Studer (1959). It is sought, throughout this work, to better comprehend the trajectories of Leborgne, Payssé and Bayardo, the importance of the works of these architects and their contribution towards the theme of plastic integration within the history of modern architecture. It is also pursued to understand the relations between arts and architecture which integrate their works and the characteristics which approximate them.

The militaristic interpretations of the art of Chichen Itza, Yucatán, Mexico, fails to sufficiently describe its entire decorative program. Absent from discussions of the art tradition is the apparent focus on merchant activity in the city. The influence and power of merchants strengthened during the transition from the Classic to Postclassic in Mesoamerica. With an increase in demand of foreign goods, new exchange relationships developed between centers in Central Mexico, the Gulf, and Maya region. As a result, several cultural regions participated in a vast economic network that created political alliances and syncretic art styles. Focusing on the mural tradition of Chichen Itza, this study proposes a chronological sequence for the wall paintings by examining their style, subject matter, and architectural setting. Analysis of the painted images demonstrates the progressive development of merchant activity in the city and its influence in establishing Chichen Itza as one of the major centers of long-distance trade by the Terminal Classic.

No description available.

Murals have been the formal visual interpretation of the cultural, social and political life of all ages. Throughout they have been consistently combined with their architectural setting, for example, in ancient Egyptian tombs, in Renaissance churches and on the external walls of buildings in Mexico in the twentieth century. This is a central feature of mural painting. However many contemporary murals do not integrate with their architectural settings, in other words, do not fulfil the site-specificity of the architectural spaces for which they were made. This means that the most important aspect that distinguishes murals from other types of painting is absent. I studied and analysed a number of murals produced in the Italian Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo as this particular period is considered to be not only one of the most significant in the history of art but also a period in which painting and architecture were very closely allied as practices. In particular the radical developments in painting of pictorial space took place along side the developments in architecture. I argue that Renaissance murals could be described, using the terminology of contemporary art, as site-specific art. By identifying the relationship between pictorial space, architectural space and compositional structure I was able to test, through my own practice, the importance of these relationships in understanding the site-specificity of the compositional structure of murals. To address the issue of sitespecificity in murals, I investigated and developed a set of compositional structures through my mural practice that could be applied in the design, execution, and teaching of contemporary mural design. I have developed the notion of a deconstructive method of mural design in which the illusory space of the mural derives its compositional structure from the architectural space in which it sited. I have applied it, tested it and refined it through the execution of a number of hypothetical and live mural commissions. I believe that the approach to the study and practice of mural design I have developed from the perspective of a practice lead researcher contributes to the furtherance of mural design as both a profession and field of study. In particular the identification of compositional structures in mural design and the proposal of a deconstructive method contributes to our understanding of what a mural is as well as current notions of site-specificity in contemporary art.

In 1969 curator Fernando Gamboa commissioned eleven abstract artists to paint a collective mural to be displayed in the Mexico Pavilion at the 1970 World’s Fair held at Osaka, Japan. He instructed the artists to paint large sized individual paintings on stretched canvases that when joined collectively would form a mural measuring 400 sq ft. The artists selected by Gamboa were working in a style that broke the conventions of traditional Mexican muralism. They were a generation of painters who abandoned the ideologies of José Vasconcelos and the conception that artists should be responsible for changing society. Instead they embraced the words of José Luis Cuevas and based their work on the individual’s subjectivity. The binary Gamboa raises by linking Mexican muralism and modern painting problematizes the conception of murals in Mexico. Traditional muralism focused on public spaces and state forums for social communication. In contrast, mural-sized stretched canvases, which hung on the walls of the pavilion intended to provoke an international audience, produced an alternative meaning of muralism and questioned what artistic attributes constituted a Mexican mural in the 1970s

ABSTRACT This research report is a critical analysis of the iconography of six HIV/Aids murals from Johannesburg and Durban, in terms of race, class and gender. The six examples are community murals which were used as a social awareness tool to disseminate information on HIV/Aids to a supposedly highly illiterate Black audience public. This research focuses predominantly on the issue of stereotypes, and how certain societal stereotypes of Others are manifested in these HIV/Aids murals. My analysis also tries to make evident, how difficult it is for muralists to visually represent HIV/Aids facts, in addressing ‘high-risk’ groups. This report also tries to show that key issues of HIV/Aids transmission are often overlooked or omitted for various reasons. I argue that, given the importance of HIV/Aids murals as educative tools, muralists have to be made aware of their role in the possible perpetuation of societal racial, gender and class stereotypes, and how such perpetuation of stereotypes can contribute to the continued stigmatization of the disease. The final chapter of this research examines my own practical work that was produced as a requirement for the MA (Fine Art) degree. It analyses my performance-exhibition Walking the Line. My commentary focuses on how the social phenomenon of street trade in the Johannesburg city centre and specifically the ‘refurbishment’ of the Johannesburg Fashion District influenced my art practice. My analysis is further extended to the use of my own body in the performance, to consciously engage notions of hybridized identity.

Esta pesquisa documenta e analisa uma série de trabalhos realizados pela arquiteta Odiléa Setti Toscano, entre o fim da década de cinqüenta e o início dos anos noventa, no âmbito do design visual: o design gráfico editorial vinculado ao trabalho de ilustração e o design ambiental de painéis e murais para espaços privados e públicos. / This paper documents a series of projects by architect Odiléa Setti Toscano from the late 1950s to the early 1990s, in the scope of visual design: editorial graphic design related to the work of illustration and environmental design of panels and murals for public and private spaces.

L'histoire houleuse de la province du Katanga, et plus largement de la République démocratique du Congo a fortement remanié l'organisation du tissu social traditionnel et la répartition de la population. Dans les villages à proximité des routes, de nombreuses populations cohabitent - Tshokwés, Kasaïen, Amba, Bemba, Lamba, etc. - et essayent de projeter et construire un avenir malgré la rareté des ressources. Dans l'espace rural du Katanga et du nord de la province de la Copperbelt (Zambie), les différentiels économiques, réels et fantasmés, sont omniprésents. La circulation d'expatriés – personnel d'ONG, salariés des sociétés minières, missionnaires, etc. - et la présence de « creuseurs » ou encore le va-et-vient de camions transportant le minerai exacerbent la conscience de pauvreté des habitants. Les moyens de communication modernes, le modèle de consommation occidental ont été assimilés avec une brutale rapidité transformant radicalement les modes et manières de se représenter, et en répercussion la conscience de soi des individus (De Lame et Dibwe, 2005 : 36). La jeune génération, et notamment dans les villages où la marge de manœuvre créatrice est plus grande, réinvente ces codes au travers des décorations en argile, en usant d'un legs dont elle n'a pas nécessairement conscience. La « guerre sociale des signes » (Ouedraogo, 2008 : 8) qui accompagne la globalisation nécessite de mieux comprendre les processus de représentation et c'est ce que vise cette recherche ; il s'agit donc dans cet ouvrage de mieux percevoir la façon dont se disent les individus que sont les habitants de trois villages de la Copperbelt africaine, voire la façon dont ils s'affichent par le biais des décorations. “Décorations, peintures et images de soi ; les processus de représentation à l'ère du Village-Global : Études de cas dans trois villages de la Copperbelt africaine” analyse ainsi les représentations produites par les habitants des villages de Makwacha (République démocratique du Congo), de Kakyelo (DRC) et de Mudenda (Zambie) au travers des décorations réalisées sur les murs des cases. / My research analyzes the mural paintings realized in the villages of Makwacha (Democratic Republic of Congo), Kakyelo (DRC) and Mudenda (Zambia). These mural paintings, while displaying apparently heterogeneous aesthetics, show similar production process (a mostly female collective dynamic, a similar use of clay and organic mixture as painting materials) that suggest their link to the former Lamba tradition called kushingula. Over the last 50 years, great economic and political changes have occured in Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo. How do these mural paintings practices relate to each other ? What social status do have these paintings nowadays? Who does realize them and for which reasons? What kind of narratives do they elaborate? In order to understand what mirror these practices, I investigate on the inhabitants' motivations and sources of inspiration and the singular histories of each village, connecting individuals' initiatives and influences with village economic issues and structural organization. Indeed, along with the inhabitants, these mural painting practices involve a wide range of actors (NGO, tourists, journalists, artists, etc.) intertwinning different scales, divergent interests and heclectic imaginaries which question how cultural values and signs constantly (re)emerged from heterogenous agencies and how it circulates through individuals and groups.

abstract: Abstract On a daily basis I am bombarded with images in every walk of life. I encounter images crossing my path constantly through media such as the internet, television, magazines, radio, social media, even in the grocery store line on screens intended to capture our attention. As I drive down the roadways, I am invaded by images that at times can be distracting with their dazzling displays, attempting to get our attention and get us to consume their product or service or understand a historical meaning. In this dissertation I intend on looking at murals and two social studies textbooks to focus types of media; then construct an argument about how these media impact social studies curricula in the communities in which they are located taking into consideration race, social class, language, location, and culture. The intent is to critically analyze traditional curricula and curricula found in public pedagogy in communities located on the borderlands. I also asked local high school-aged students, teachers, artists, and activists from both sides of the border analyze the images through photo elicitation and traditional interviews. Students were interviewed with a focus on interpreted meanings of images presented. Teachers and artists were interviewed to discover their intended meanings as displayed through their production and circulation of intended meanings via lessons and the images they select or create. Activists were interviewed to discover local history, images, and history of the educational space where the artwork and schools are located. I used these data to create an argument as to how these forms of media impacts school curricula in the areas on both sides of the United States/Mexico border. The study was conducted in border cities El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Chihuahua. The ultimate goal was to look at how academics and curricula developers can use this information to decolonize curricula in the field of curricula studies. Moreover, this information can be used to create decolonized ideologies in curricula that can be used at the school sites to promote diversity and social justice for students in their schooling experience. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Curriculum and Instruction 2018

acase@tulane.edu