The 2010 elections in Myanmar installed the country’s first civilian-elected government in more than 50 years, and subsequent growth and change have been rapid. However, reproductive health indicators are generally poor and reflect significant regional and geographic disparities. Rural populations are increasingly migrating to urban centers, like Yangon, in search of better economic opportunities and in response to persistent conflict. Many are settling in peri-urban Yangon, a dynamic series of townships characterized by poor infrastructure, slums, and a highly mobile population. However, very little is known about the reproductive health needs of this population. This study was designed to identify the reproductive health needs of women in peri-urban Yangon, and to understand better current practices, available services, and potential avenues for improvement. My research focused on delivery care, contraception, abortion, and post-abortion care. Using a multi-methods approach, and standard qualitative analytic techniques, I identified significant unmet reproductive health needs in peri-urban Yangon. The findings suggest that reproductive health services are often available but inaccessible. Findings demonstrate considerable misinformation, common and unsafe practices surrounding abortion and delivery, and a dearth of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services for adolescent and unmarried populations.

This study offers the framing analysis of local and foreign-based media on the coverage of "Rohingya: Gambia files case against Myanmar at ICJ" for over nine months period and examines the bias in their new contents and attention to the case. Evaluation of the number of coverage published by each media shows that local media do not pay as much attention as foreign-based media, and undermines the seriousness of the issue. Moreover, the finding highlights that the news representation of local media is evidently in favor of the Myanmar government in support of iconic national leader - Aung San Suu Kyi while abetting in covering up the violent action of the Myanmar military. Findings also suggest that foreign- based media covered the case most with genocide frame whereas self-defense frame was the most popular one in the coverage of local media. This study employed comparative content analysis to detect the bias and observe the different framings of media. Keywords: Bias, Frames, media frames, Framing theory, Myanmar, Rakhine, Bangladesh.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19153号 / 地環博第128号 / 新制||地環||26(附属図書館) / 32104 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 舟川 晋也, 准教授 真常 仁志, 准教授 橋本 禅, 准教授 ｼﾞｪｰﾝ ｼﾝｶﾞｰ / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第19435号 / 文博第713号 / 新制||文||632(附属図書館) / 32471 / 京都大学大学院文学研究科行動文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 田窪 行則, 教授 吉田 豊, 准教授 千田 俊太郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第20873号 / 経博第568号 / 新制||経||284(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)准教授 高野 久紀, 教授 三重野 文晴, 教授 久野 秀二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21461号 / 工博第4536号 / 新制||工||1707(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 松島 信一, 教授 竹脇 出, 教授 池田 芳樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Why do some political parties in Bangladesh discriminate against the Rohingya, while some do not? Much has been written about the conflict in Myanmar, but the plight of Rohingya in Bangladesh remains understudied. This lack of understanding is underscored by the five million Syrian refugees fleeing their own civil war that dominates the news and the attention of scholars. The Rohingya, however, are stateless: they are denied citizenship in their native Myanmar and are forced to find refuge in whichever country will take them. Much has been published that links immigration policy to security considerations and the national identity and ethnic homogeneity of the host country. I argue that it is the domestic politics of Bangladesh that directly influences the policies concerning, and subsequent treatment of, the Rohingya migrants. This leads back to the question I pose: why is it that some political parties in Bangladesh actively support the ethnic group while others actively discriminate against the Rohingya? I argue that it is the individual ideologies of that party that can be directly attributed to their stance on Rohingya. Using qualitative analysis, I measure how a party's foreign policy, social policy, and political ideology affects that organization's attitude toward Rohingya refugees. Understanding the largely political nature of refugee policy will allow policy-makers, intergovernmental organizations, and human rights groups to be better equipped to improve the conditions of, not only the Rohingya population, but other vulnerable refugee groups that seek safety in foreign states.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22897号 / 農博第2440号 / 新制||農||1083(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5317(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 樋口 浩和, 准教授 真常 仁志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This paper is a study of the journalistic practices currently involved in reporting on Myanmar since the 2021 military coup. Research was undertaken to get an understanding of what methods and to what extent journalists continue to publish quality, balanced reports in a context where independent press faces severe repression by authorities. Through a series of in-depth interviews with individuals working in the Myanmar media field, a collection of experiences and voices were gathered to understand the current journalistic playing field. A textual analysis was performed on themes reported on by a select group of media outlets which are currently operating in exile. Research findings were applied to a loose theoretical framework that comes under the ‘communication for development’ umbrella. Specifically, theories on particular features of globalisation, media for development and humanitarian journalism were examined and applied to as great an extent as possible. This paper finds that journalists reporting on Myanmar offer valuable experience, strategies and lessons learned in reporting remotely, as well as insights into current and impending challenges they are required to surmount in order to continue to produce quality news in a highly polarised context.

Background: It has been argued that nursing care shall be provided with a holistic approach where the human being is seen as one unit that contains body, mind, soul and spirit. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) states that patients’ spirituality shall be respected and that nurses therefore have to involve the spiritual dimension when caring for patients. Spirituality is subjective and by meeting patients’ spiritual needs and providing spiritual care interventions according to these needs, nurses can support patients and help them to find motivation in their sickness.  Aim: To describe Christian nurses’ experiences of spiritual care at a Christian hospital in Myanmar.  Method: A qualitative interview study with semi-structured interviews. Four Christian nurses with experience of spiritual care participated and in total six individual interviews were conducted. The data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis, as described by Graneheim and Lundman.  Result: The result was divided into two categories: nurses’ view on spirituality and spiritual care and nurses’ experiences of spiritual care.  Discussion: The result is discussed using Lundmark’s definition of spiritual care as framework. The main focus is the religious approach to spiritual care. Both ethical dilemmas and positive outcomes of this approach are discussed. / Bakgrund: Det har argumenterats för att omvårdnad ska ges utifrån ett holistiskt perspektiv där människan ses som en enhet som innefattar kropp, sinne, själ och ande. Internationella rådet för sjuksköterskor (ICN) har slagit fast att patienters andlighet ska respekteras och att sjuksköterskor därför måste involvera den andliga dimensionen i vården av patienter. Andlighet är något subjektivt och genom att möta patienters andliga behov samt ge andlig omvårdnad i enlighet med dessa behov, kan sjuksköterskor ge stöd åt patienter och hjälpa dem att hitta motivation i deras sjukdom. Syfte: Att beskriva kristna sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av andlig/existentiell omvårdnad på ett kristet sjukhus i Myanmar. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Fyra kristna sjuksköterskor med erfarenhet av andlig/existentiell omvårdnad deltog och totalt genomfördes sex individuella intervjuer. Datamaterialet analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som beskrivs av Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: Resultatet delades upp i två kategorier; sjuksköterskors syn på andlighet och andlig/existentiell omvårdnad och sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av andlig/existentiell omvårdnad. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras med Lundmarks definition av andlig/existentiell omvårdnad som referensram. Störst fokus ligger på det religiösa förhållningssättet till andlig/existentiell omvårdnad. Både etiska dilemman och positiva aspekter av detta förhållningssätt diskuteras.