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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Roles of O-fucose Molecules in Notch Signaling and Hematopoiesis

Yao, David C. January 2011 (has links)
No description available.
2

Uncaria tomentosa: ADJUVANTE NO TRATAMENTO DO CÂNCER DE MAMA / Uncaria tomentosa: ADJUVANT IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT

Araújo, Maria do Carmo dos Santos 19 April 2013 (has links)
Cat s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) is a medicinal plant that has been used in the treatment of different diseases, among them, cancer. Studies show its effects in restoring the cellular DNA, in increasing leukocyte fractions, myelostimulant action, and in producing interleukins, including IL1 and IL6, besides presenting antioxidant, antiproliferative, and assisting in the induction of apoptosis. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women. One of the recommended treatments for this pathology is the chemotherapeutic agents whose toxic effects include leucopenia and neutropenia, with high risk of infections. Thus, pharmacological interventions that reduce or prevent adverse effects can have a substantial impact on the treatment of cancer. In this context, the objectives of this study are: to evaluate the effect of Uncaria tomentosa as an adjuvant for breast cancer treatment through a randomized clinical trial and cytotoxic effect, induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines of breast cancer. Results show that Uncaria tomentosa, used at a dose of 300mg of dried extract (Unha de Gato Herbarium®), per day, is effective in recovery from neutropenia induced by chemotherapy in women diagnosed with invasive ductal Carcinoma Stage II, and it is also capable of restoring the cellular DNA. Extracts of Uncaria tomentosa exerted a cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 cells associated with cell death by apoptosis through the activation of caspases 3/8, and did not trigger changes in the response profile of cells undergoing apoptosis, remaining similar to doxorubicin. Thus, Uncaria tomentosa may be a beneficial option as an adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. / Unha de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) é uma planta medicinal que tem sido utilizada no tratamento de diferentes patologias, dentre elas, o câncer. Estudos demonstram seus efeitos na restauração do DNA celular; no aumento nas frações dos leucócitos; ação mieloestimulantee na produção de interleucinas, entre elas a IL1 e a IL6, além de apresentar propriedades antioxidantes, antiproliferativas e auxiliar na indução da apoptose. O câncer de mama é a neoplasia maligna mais comum entre as mulheres. Um dos tratamentos preconizados para essa patologia é os agentes quimioterápicos, cujos efeitos tóxicos incluem a leucopenia e a neutropenia, com elevado risco de infecções. Desta forma, intervenções farmacológicas capazes de reduzir ou prevenir os efeitos adversos podem ter um impacto substancial sobre o tratamento do câncer. Neste contexto, situaram-se os objetivos deste estudo: avaliar o efeito da Uncaria tomentosa como adjuvante no tratamento do câncer de mama através de um ensaio clínico randomizado e o efeito citotóxico e a indução de apoptose na linhagem de células do câncer de mama MCF-7. Os resultados demonstram que Uncaria tomentosa, utilizada na dose de 300 mg de extrato seco (Unha de Gato Herbarium®), por dia, é eficaz na recuperação de neutropenia induzida por quimioterapia em mulheres diagnosticadas com Carcinoma ductal invasivo estágio II, e também é capaz de restaurar o DNA celular. O extrato de Uncaria tormentosa exerceu uma atividade citotóxica em células MCF-7 associada à morte celular por apoptose através da ativação das Caspases 3/8, e não desencadeou mudanças no perfil de resposta das células em apoptose, permanecendo semelhante à doxorrubicina. Dessa forma, a Uncaria tomentosa pode ser uma opção benéfica como adjuvante no tratamento do câncer de mama.
3

Régulation de la réponse immunitaire T par l’apoptose et hyperactivation de la voie RAS / Influence of RAS hyperactivity on T cells apoptosis during the immune response

Lanzarotti, Nina 21 October 2014 (has links)
L'apoptose lymphocytaire joue un rôle essentiel dans le contrôle de la réponse immunitaire et de la prolifération cellulaire. De nombreuses voies interviennent dans sa régulation, dont certaines dépendantes de l’oncogène RAS. Un défaut d'apoptose lymphocytaire induit l'apparition de maladies auto-immunes et lympho-prolifératives comme l'Autoimmune LymphoProliferative Syndrome (ALPS). L'ALPS fait suite à des anomalies du principal récepteur membranaire de mort FAS, pivot de l'apoptose lymphocytaire. Le RAS-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disease (RALD) est une entité décrite récemment, se rapprochant de l'ALPS par la symptomatologie et la physiopathologie sous-jacente. Cependant, dans le RALD, le défaut d'apoptose lymphocytaire n’est pas lié à des mutations de FAS mais à une hyperactivation de la voie RAS, mettant ainsi en lumière le rôle essentiel de cette voie dans la régulation du processus en question. Dans les Leucémies Myélo-Monocytaires Juvéniles Chroniques (JMML), les mêmes mutations que celles observées dans les RALD sont trouvées, sur les mêmes populations cellulaires. Il existe une hétérogénéité clinique et biologique au sein des JMML, certaines étant indolentes (LS-JMML) et d'autres sévères (S-JMML). A cette hétérogénéité au sein même des JMML s'ajoute celle observée entre JMML et RALD. L'objectif de ce travail a été de comprendre les tenants des différences phénotypiques observées, au travers du scope de l'apoptose des lymphocytes T activés, en comparant les trois entités résultant de mutations activatrices de RAS dans des cellules pluripotentes hématopoïétiques : RALD, LS-JMML et S-JMML. Nous rapportons des conséquences distinctes pour des mutations identiques ou équivalentes, avec différentes voies de l'apoptose touchées, différenciant les phénotypes induits. Ce travail a permis de démontrer que l’hyperactivation de la voie RAS seule n’entraîne pas nécessairement une dérégulation de la réponse immunitaire T. Des événements additionnels aux mutations présentes sont nécessaires au développement des symptômes. Ces événements ont bien des conséquences sur l'apoptose lymphocytaire, au niveau post-traductionnel, qu’ils concernent la voie RAS ou non. Les différences observées entre les trois phénotypes sur le plan expérimental pourraient être une aide au pronostic. De plus, ce travail ouvre la voie à l'identification en détails des facteurs additionnels et voies défaillantes et permettrait ainsi d'obtenir des thérapeutiques spécifiques actuellement inexistantes. / Lymphocytes apoptosis is essential in maintaining homeostasis and avoiding abnormal proliferation. When defective, autoimmune diseases as the Autoimmune LymphoProliferative Syndrome (ALPS), due to mutations of the death receptor FAS, can occur. Several pathways are important actors influencing the apoptosis cascade, including the RAS proto-oncogene signaling. The RAS Associated Lymphoproliferative Disease (RALD) is a newly described entity, similar to ALPS but with RAS mutations instead of FAS mutations, enlightening the primary role of RAS in apoptosis regulation. Interestingly, the same RAS mutations as observed in RALD are also the cause of a malignant proliferation, the Juvenile Myelo Monocytic Leukemia (JMML). In the case of JMML, RAS mutations can lead either to a mild (LS-JMML) or a severe (S-JMML) phenotype. Thus, three different phenotypes can be caused by the same oncogenic RAS mutations. In order to better understand and characterize the influence of oncogenic RAS mutations in lymphocytes’ apoptosis we studied it in patients presenting with RALD, LS-JMML and JMML. We showed that isolated RAS hyperactivity is not sufficient to induce an immune deregulation. Additional factors are required to do so. These factors influence both mitochondrial and extrinsic apoptosis pathways at a post-transcriptional level. They are due to probable genetic events, and their identification can lead to new therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, activated lymphocytes’ in vitro apoptosis assessment can help differentiating the three phenotypes and thus facilitate prognosis prediction.

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