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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos de uma desintegrina recombinante de Bothrops alternatus, DISBA-01, em células precursoras miogênicas (CPM)

Pedretti, Ana Carolina Elias 21 September 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2665.pdf: 1669132 bytes, checksum: dfe7f18cc9241784c82420b0409bd47e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-21 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Disintegrins are toxins commonly found in snake venoms whose biological effects occour upon interaction with surface receptors known as integrins. DisBa-01, an RGD disintegrin isolated from a cDNA library made with mRNAs from the venom gland of Bothrops alternatus, bears anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic and anti-thrombotic activity in nude mice, partially mediated by interaction with integrin _v_3. Studies with Wistar rats also show that protein has angiogenic activity during regeneration after surgery. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of DisBa-01 on adhesion, deadhesion and proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and evaluate the electrophoretic profile of secreted proteins of DisBa-01-treated cells. Myoblasts (103 cells/well) were incubated with five concentrations of DisBa-01 under different incubation times and adhesion substracts (plastic, collagen type I or fibronectin). The supernatant was collected for 2DE analysis and the cells were quantified. Also, flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of integrins (_2, _4, _5, _v, _v_3, _1 and _4). DisBa-01 inhibited adhesion to fibronectin in high concentration (1000nM) and to collagen type I in all tested concentrations, but did not detach cells from collagen or fibronectina matrix nor affected myoblast proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that integrins _v and _1 were present. 2DE analysis points to an increase of secreted proteins, mainly in higher DisBa- 01 concentration (1000nM). In conclusion, C2C12 myoblasts are sensitive to DisBa-01, suggesting this protein initiates a sinalization cascade mediated by integrins, which modifies protein expression and secretion. / Desintegrinas são toxinas frequentemente encontradas em venenos de serpentes e cujos efeitos biológicos ocorrem devido à interação com receptores de superfície conhecidos como integrinas. A DisBa-01, uma desintegrina RGD isolada de mRNAs da glândula venenífera de Bothrops alternatus, possui atividade anti-metastática, anti-angiogênica e anti-trombótica em camundongos atímicos, parcialmente mediada pela interação com a integrina _v_3. Estudos in vivo com ratos Wistar também indicam que esta proteína pode ter atividade pró-angiogênica durante regeneração pós-cirúrgica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da DisBa-01 na adesão, desadesão e proliferação celular de mioblastos C2C12, além de avaliar o perfil eletroforético das proteínas secretadas por estas células sob condições normais e tratadas. As células (103 células/poço) foram incubadas com diferentes concentrações de DisBa-01 em diferentes tempos e substratos (plástico, colágeno tipo I e fibronectina). O meio de cultura foi recolhido para análise por eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) e as células foram quantificadas. Além disso, foi realizada citometria de fluxo para avaliar a expressão de integrinas (_2, _4, _5, _v, _v_3, _1 e _4). A DisBa-01 inibiu a adesão das células à fibronectina em alta concentração (1000nM), além de inibir a adesão das células ao colágeno em todas as concentrações testadas, mas não promoveu a desadesão de células aderidas a estes dois substratos tampouco afetou significativamente a proliferação de mioblastos. A análise por citometria de fluxo identificou as integrinas _v e _1, corroborando em parte os resultados obtidos. A análise por 2DE do sobrenadante indicou que a DisBa-01 induz a um aumento no número de proteínas secretadas, principalmente na maior concentração testada (1000nM). Em conclusão, os mioblastos C2C12 são sensíveis à DisBa-01, sugerindo que esta proteína inicia uma cascata de sinalização celular mediada por integrinas que modifica a secreção protéica.
2

Migração de células precursoras miogênicas sob a influência de sobrenadantes de macrófagos irradiados com laser de baixa potência / Migration of myogenic precursor cells under the influence of macrophage supernatants irradiated with low level laser

Batista, Érika Cássia Barroso 16 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-06-18T22:38:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Erika Cassia Barroso Batista.pdf: 1153764 bytes, checksum: d2f3d36a962ecb178963820d00e754fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T22:38:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erika Cassia Barroso Batista.pdf: 1153764 bytes, checksum: d2f3d36a962ecb178963820d00e754fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / The activation, proliferation and migration of myogenic precursor cells are essential for muscle regeneration after injury, orchestrated by cells and local components, mainly inflammatory cells, especially macrophages. These are identified as a target for the treatment of muscle injuries. Laser therapy has shown good results in treatment of injuries and the ability to accelerate the migration of various cell types, but there are no reports on their effect on macrophage products influencing the migration of myogenic precursor cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser (LLL) on migration of myoblasts cultured with macrophage culture supernatants of different phenotypes. Therefore, C2C12 cells were cultured with supernatants from cultures of macrophages (J774) treated with LPS and IFN-γ (for the activation phenotype M1), IL-4 (M2a phenotype) and IL-10 and dexamethasone (M2c phenotype) and LLL irradiated at wavelengths of 660nm and 780nm (70mW; 17,5J / cm2; 14.3 s; 0,8J). Supernatants from macrophage cultures were harvested 24h after irradiation and transferred to myoblast cultures. Migration was assessed using the scratch assay and the results statistically analyzed. Myoblasts cultured with phenotype macrophage supernatants M2c and irradiated with LBP (660nm) showed higher migration capability that cultured with supernatants of M2C phenotype of macrophages after 12 hours of cultivation. There was no difference between the other groups. The LLL was able to modulate the migration of myoblasts C2C12 when M2c supernatants of macrophage phenotype / A ativação, proliferação e migração das células precursoras miogênicas são essenciais na regeneração muscular após lesões, orquestrados pelas células e componentes locais, principalmente pelas células inflamatórias, em especial os macrófagos. Estes são apontadas como alvo para o tratamento das lesões musculares. A laserterapia tem demonstrado bons resultados no tratamento destas lesões e na capacidade de acelerar a migração de vários tipos celulares, mas não existem relatos sobre seu efeito nos produtos de macrófagos que influenciam a migração de células precursoras miogênicas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do laser de baixa potência (LBP) sobre a migração de mioblastos cultivadas com sobrenadantes de culturas de macrófagos de diferentes fenótipos. Para tanto, as células C2C12 foram cultivadas com sobrenadantes de culturas de macrófagos (J774) tratadas com LPS e IFN- γ (ativação para o fenótipo M1), IL-4 (fenótipo M2a) e IL-10 e dexametasona (fenótipo M2c) e irradiadas com LBP nos comprimentos de onda de 660nm e 780nm (70mW; 17,5J/cm2; 14,3 s; 0,8J). Os sobrenadantes das culturas de macrófagos foram colhidos 24h após as irradiações e transferidos para culturas de mioblastos. A migração foi avaliada por meio do ensaio de ferida e os resultados submetidos à análise estatística. Após 12h de cultivo, os mioblastos cultivados com sobrenadantes de macrófagos de fenótipo M2c e irradiados com LBP (660nm) mostraram maior capacidade de migração que os cultivados com sobrenadantes de macrófagos de fenótipo M2c não irradiados. Não houve diferença entre os demais grupos. O LBP foi capaz de modular a migração de mioblastos C2C12 quando cultivados com sobrenadantes de macrófagos de fenótipo M2c.
3

Role of vascular plasticity in muscle remodeling in the child / Rôle de la plasticité vasculaire dans le remodelage musculaire chez l’enfant

Gitiaux, Cyril 27 March 2015 (has links)
Le muscle strié squelettique est un tissu richement vascularisé. Au delà de l'apport en oxygène et en nutriments, de nouvelles fonctions des vaisseaux ont été récemment identifiées, par le biais des interactions établies entre les cellules du vaisseau (cellules endothéliales) et les cellules du muscle, en particulier les cellules souches musculaires (cellules satellites). Celles-ci interagissent étroitement avec les cellules endothéliales pour leur expansion et leur différenciation, puis avec les cellules péri-endothéliales pour leur auto-renouvellement et leur retour à la quiescence. Les vaisseaux participent ainsi au contrôle de l’homéostasie du muscle squelettique. Grâce à ces interactions, les cellules vasculaires jouent donc un rôle central dans le remodelage tissulaire après un phénomène destructif, survenant par exemple au cours d’un trauma ou d’une myopathie. Pour étudier, les mécanismes de la plasticité vasculaire au cours du remodelage tissulaire, deux situations paradigmatiques de muscle en régénération chez l’enfant : la dermatomyosite juvénile (DMJ) et la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) ont été étudiées. Il existe, dans ces deux pathologies une souffrance musculaire associée à des cycles de nécrose/régénération. Elles se différencient par leur plasticité vasculaire et par leur évolution. En effet, la DMJ, la myopathie inflammatoire la plus fréquente de l’enfant est caractérisée par une vasculopathie avec perte en capillaires. L’évolution peut être favorable avec restitution ad integrum du muscle. La DMD est une myopathie génétique conduisant à une dégradation progressive de la force musculaire associée à une néovascularisation compensatrice. Le volet clinique/histologique incluant une analyse multiparamétrique des critères évolutifs cliniques et de réponse thérapeutique couplée à une réévaluation des données histologiques de la DMJ (analyse morphométrique des muscles DMJ) a permis de montrer qu’il existait des sous groupes phénotypiques homogènes de sévérité différente dans la DMJ. Le degré de sévérité clinique est relié à la gravité de la vasculopathie musculaire Par ailleurs, des marqueurs cliniques et histologiques simples permettant de repérer au diagnostic les patients nécessitant une escalade thérapeutique rapide (CMAS>34, atteinte gastrointestinale, fibrose endomysiale musculaire au diagnostic) ont été identifiés. Le volet cellulaire a permis l’identification in vitro des interactions cellulaires spécifiques et différentielles des myoblastes issues de patients DMD et DMJ sur les cellules endothéliales normales par l’analyse de leur rôle sur la prolifération, migration et différenciation des cellules vasculaires. Dans la DMD, les myoblastes entrainent une réponse angiogénique importante mais non efficace (néovascularisation anarchique). Dans la DMJ, les myoblastes participent efficacement à la reconstruction vasculaire notamment via la sécrétion de facteurs proangiogéniques. Ces résultats ont été renforcés par analyse transcriptomique effectuée à partir de cellules endothéliales et satellites isolées de muscles de patients confirmant le rôle central de la vasculopathie associée à un contexte inflammatoire spécifique lié à l’interféron dans la physiopathologie de la DMJ et montrant dans la DMD une dérégulation de l’homéostasie normale des interactions vaisseau-muscle avec mise en jeu d’un remodelage tissulaire non efficace. Ces données permettent d'identifier de nouvelles fonctions des cellules vasculaires dans le remodelage du muscle strié squelettique au cours des pathologies musculaires de l'enfant, et devraient ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. / Skeletal muscle is highly vascularised. Beyond oxygen and nutriment supply, new functions for vessels have been recently identified, through the interactions that vessel cells (endothelial cells) establish with muscle cells, particularly with muscle stem cells (satellite cells). These latter closely interact with endothelial cells for their expansion and their differentiation, then with periendothelial cells for their self-renewal and return to quiescence. During skeletal muscle regeneration endothelial cells reciprocally interact with myogenic cells by direct contact or by releasing soluble factors to promote both myogenesis and angiogenesis processes. Skeletal muscle regeneration typically occurs as a result of a trauma or disease, such as congenital or myopathies. To better understand the role of vessel plasticity in tissue remodeling, we took advantage of two muscular disorders that could be considered as paradigmatic situations of regenerating skeletal muscle in the child: Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM), the most frequent inflammatory myopathy and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the most common type of muscular dystrophy. Although these two muscular disorders share, at the tissue level, similar mechanisms of necrosis-inflammation, they differ regarding the vessel domain. In JDM patients, microvascular changes consist in a destruction of endothelial cells assessed by focal capillary loss. This capillary bed destruction is transient. The tissue remodeling is efficient and muscle may progressively recover its function. By contrast, in DMD, despite an increase of vessels density in an attempt to improve the muscle perfusion, the muscle function progressively alters with age. We identified clinical and pathological markers of severity and predictive factors for poor clinical outcome in JDM by computing a comprehensive initial and follow-up clinical data set with deltoid muscle biopsy alterations controlled by age-based analysis of the deltoid muscle capillarization. We demonstrated that JDM can be divided into two distinctive clinical subgroups. The severe clinical presentation and outcome are linked to vasculopathy. Furthermore, a set of simple predictors (CMAS<34, gastrointestinal involvement, muscle endomysial fibrosis at disease onset) allow early recognition of patients needing rapid therapeutic escalation with more potent drugs. We studied in vitro the specific cell interactions between myogenic cells issued from JDM and DMD patients and normal endothelial cells to explore whether myogenic cells participate to the vessel remodeling observed in the two pathologies. We demonstrated that MPCs possessed angiogenic properties depending on the pathological environment. In DMD, MPCs promoted the development of establishment of an anarchic, although strong, EC stimulation, leading to the formation of weakly functional vessels. In JDM, MPCs enhanced the vessel reconstruction via the secretion of proangiogenic factors. This functional analysis was supported by the transcriptomic analysis consistent with a central vasculopathy in JDM including a strong and specific response to an inflammatory environment. On the contrary, DMD cells presented an unbalanced homeostasis with deregulation of several processes including muscle and vessel development with attempts to recover neuromuscular system by MPCs. To summarize, our data should allow the definition of new functions of vessel cells in skeletal muscle remodelling during muscle pathologies of the child that will open the way to explore new therapeutic options and to gain further insights in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
4

Role of vascular plasticity in muscle remodeling in the child / Rôle de la plasticité vasculaire dans le remodelage musculaire chez l’enfant

Gitiaux, Cyril 27 March 2015 (has links)
Le muscle strié squelettique est un tissu richement vascularisé. Au delà de l'apport en oxygène et en nutriments, de nouvelles fonctions des vaisseaux ont été récemment identifiées, par le biais des interactions établies entre les cellules du vaisseau (cellules endothéliales) et les cellules du muscle, en particulier les cellules souches musculaires (cellules satellites). Celles-ci interagissent étroitement avec les cellules endothéliales pour leur expansion et leur différenciation, puis avec les cellules péri-endothéliales pour leur auto-renouvellement et leur retour à la quiescence. Les vaisseaux participent ainsi au contrôle de l’homéostasie du muscle squelettique. Grâce à ces interactions, les cellules vasculaires jouent donc un rôle central dans le remodelage tissulaire après un phénomène destructif, survenant par exemple au cours d’un trauma ou d’une myopathie. Pour étudier, les mécanismes de la plasticité vasculaire au cours du remodelage tissulaire, deux situations paradigmatiques de muscle en régénération chez l’enfant : la dermatomyosite juvénile (DMJ) et la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) ont été étudiées. Il existe, dans ces deux pathologies une souffrance musculaire associée à des cycles de nécrose/régénération. Elles se différencient par leur plasticité vasculaire et par leur évolution. En effet, la DMJ, la myopathie inflammatoire la plus fréquente de l’enfant est caractérisée par une vasculopathie avec perte en capillaires. L’évolution peut être favorable avec restitution ad integrum du muscle. La DMD est une myopathie génétique conduisant à une dégradation progressive de la force musculaire associée à une néovascularisation compensatrice. Le volet clinique/histologique incluant une analyse multiparamétrique des critères évolutifs cliniques et de réponse thérapeutique couplée à une réévaluation des données histologiques de la DMJ (analyse morphométrique des muscles DMJ) a permis de montrer qu’il existait des sous groupes phénotypiques homogènes de sévérité différente dans la DMJ. Le degré de sévérité clinique est relié à la gravité de la vasculopathie musculaire Par ailleurs, des marqueurs cliniques et histologiques simples permettant de repérer au diagnostic les patients nécessitant une escalade thérapeutique rapide (CMAS>34, atteinte gastrointestinale, fibrose endomysiale musculaire au diagnostic) ont été identifiés. Le volet cellulaire a permis l’identification in vitro des interactions cellulaires spécifiques et différentielles des myoblastes issues de patients DMD et DMJ sur les cellules endothéliales normales par l’analyse de leur rôle sur la prolifération, migration et différenciation des cellules vasculaires. Dans la DMD, les myoblastes entrainent une réponse angiogénique importante mais non efficace (néovascularisation anarchique). Dans la DMJ, les myoblastes participent efficacement à la reconstruction vasculaire notamment via la sécrétion de facteurs proangiogéniques. Ces résultats ont été renforcés par analyse transcriptomique effectuée à partir de cellules endothéliales et satellites isolées de muscles de patients confirmant le rôle central de la vasculopathie associée à un contexte inflammatoire spécifique lié à l’interféron dans la physiopathologie de la DMJ et montrant dans la DMD une dérégulation de l’homéostasie normale des interactions vaisseau-muscle avec mise en jeu d’un remodelage tissulaire non efficace. Ces données permettent d'identifier de nouvelles fonctions des cellules vasculaires dans le remodelage du muscle strié squelettique au cours des pathologies musculaires de l'enfant, et devraient ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. / Skeletal muscle is highly vascularised. Beyond oxygen and nutriment supply, new functions for vessels have been recently identified, through the interactions that vessel cells (endothelial cells) establish with muscle cells, particularly with muscle stem cells (satellite cells). These latter closely interact with endothelial cells for their expansion and their differentiation, then with periendothelial cells for their self-renewal and return to quiescence. During skeletal muscle regeneration endothelial cells reciprocally interact with myogenic cells by direct contact or by releasing soluble factors to promote both myogenesis and angiogenesis processes. Skeletal muscle regeneration typically occurs as a result of a trauma or disease, such as congenital or myopathies. To better understand the role of vessel plasticity in tissue remodeling, we took advantage of two muscular disorders that could be considered as paradigmatic situations of regenerating skeletal muscle in the child: Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM), the most frequent inflammatory myopathy and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the most common type of muscular dystrophy. Although these two muscular disorders share, at the tissue level, similar mechanisms of necrosis-inflammation, they differ regarding the vessel domain. In JDM patients, microvascular changes consist in a destruction of endothelial cells assessed by focal capillary loss. This capillary bed destruction is transient. The tissue remodeling is efficient and muscle may progressively recover its function. By contrast, in DMD, despite an increase of vessels density in an attempt to improve the muscle perfusion, the muscle function progressively alters with age. We identified clinical and pathological markers of severity and predictive factors for poor clinical outcome in JDM by computing a comprehensive initial and follow-up clinical data set with deltoid muscle biopsy alterations controlled by age-based analysis of the deltoid muscle capillarization. We demonstrated that JDM can be divided into two distinctive clinical subgroups. The severe clinical presentation and outcome are linked to vasculopathy. Furthermore, a set of simple predictors (CMAS<34, gastrointestinal involvement, muscle endomysial fibrosis at disease onset) allow early recognition of patients needing rapid therapeutic escalation with more potent drugs. We studied in vitro the specific cell interactions between myogenic cells issued from JDM and DMD patients and normal endothelial cells to explore whether myogenic cells participate to the vessel remodeling observed in the two pathologies. We demonstrated that MPCs possessed angiogenic properties depending on the pathological environment. In DMD, MPCs promoted the development of establishment of an anarchic, although strong, EC stimulation, leading to the formation of weakly functional vessels. In JDM, MPCs enhanced the vessel reconstruction via the secretion of proangiogenic factors. This functional analysis was supported by the transcriptomic analysis consistent with a central vasculopathy in JDM including a strong and specific response to an inflammatory environment. On the contrary, DMD cells presented an unbalanced homeostasis with deregulation of several processes including muscle and vessel development with attempts to recover neuromuscular system by MPCs. To summarize, our data should allow the definition of new functions of vessel cells in skeletal muscle remodelling during muscle pathologies of the child that will open the way to explore new therapeutic options and to gain further insights in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
5

Role of vascular plasticity in muscle remodeling in the child / Rôle de la plasticité vasculaire dans le remodelage musculaire chez l’enfant

Gitiaux, Cyril 27 March 2015 (has links)
Le muscle strié squelettique est un tissu richement vascularisé. Au delà de l'apport en oxygène et en nutriments, de nouvelles fonctions des vaisseaux ont été récemment identifiées, par le biais des interactions établies entre les cellules du vaisseau (cellules endothéliales) et les cellules du muscle, en particulier les cellules souches musculaires (cellules satellites). Celles-ci interagissent étroitement avec les cellules endothéliales pour leur expansion et leur différenciation, puis avec les cellules péri-endothéliales pour leur auto-renouvellement et leur retour à la quiescence. Les vaisseaux participent ainsi au contrôle de l’homéostasie du muscle squelettique. Grâce à ces interactions, les cellules vasculaires jouent donc un rôle central dans le remodelage tissulaire après un phénomène destructif, survenant par exemple au cours d’un trauma ou d’une myopathie. Pour étudier, les mécanismes de la plasticité vasculaire au cours du remodelage tissulaire, deux situations paradigmatiques de muscle en régénération chez l’enfant : la dermatomyosite juvénile (DMJ) et la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne (DMD) ont été étudiées. Il existe, dans ces deux pathologies une souffrance musculaire associée à des cycles de nécrose/régénération. Elles se différencient par leur plasticité vasculaire et par leur évolution. En effet, la DMJ, la myopathie inflammatoire la plus fréquente de l’enfant est caractérisée par une vasculopathie avec perte en capillaires. L’évolution peut être favorable avec restitution ad integrum du muscle. La DMD est une myopathie génétique conduisant à une dégradation progressive de la force musculaire associée à une néovascularisation compensatrice. Le volet clinique/histologique incluant une analyse multiparamétrique des critères évolutifs cliniques et de réponse thérapeutique couplée à une réévaluation des données histologiques de la DMJ (analyse morphométrique des muscles DMJ) a permis de montrer qu’il existait des sous groupes phénotypiques homogènes de sévérité différente dans la DMJ. Le degré de sévérité clinique est relié à la gravité de la vasculopathie musculaire Par ailleurs, des marqueurs cliniques et histologiques simples permettant de repérer au diagnostic les patients nécessitant une escalade thérapeutique rapide (CMAS>34, atteinte gastrointestinale, fibrose endomysiale musculaire au diagnostic) ont été identifiés. Le volet cellulaire a permis l’identification in vitro des interactions cellulaires spécifiques et différentielles des myoblastes issues de patients DMD et DMJ sur les cellules endothéliales normales par l’analyse de leur rôle sur la prolifération, migration et différenciation des cellules vasculaires. Dans la DMD, les myoblastes entrainent une réponse angiogénique importante mais non efficace (néovascularisation anarchique). Dans la DMJ, les myoblastes participent efficacement à la reconstruction vasculaire notamment via la sécrétion de facteurs proangiogéniques. Ces résultats ont été renforcés par analyse transcriptomique effectuée à partir de cellules endothéliales et satellites isolées de muscles de patients confirmant le rôle central de la vasculopathie associée à un contexte inflammatoire spécifique lié à l’interféron dans la physiopathologie de la DMJ et montrant dans la DMD une dérégulation de l’homéostasie normale des interactions vaisseau-muscle avec mise en jeu d’un remodelage tissulaire non efficace. Ces données permettent d'identifier de nouvelles fonctions des cellules vasculaires dans le remodelage du muscle strié squelettique au cours des pathologies musculaires de l'enfant, et devraient ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques. / Skeletal muscle is highly vascularised. Beyond oxygen and nutriment supply, new functions for vessels have been recently identified, through the interactions that vessel cells (endothelial cells) establish with muscle cells, particularly with muscle stem cells (satellite cells). These latter closely interact with endothelial cells for their expansion and their differentiation, then with periendothelial cells for their self-renewal and return to quiescence. During skeletal muscle regeneration endothelial cells reciprocally interact with myogenic cells by direct contact or by releasing soluble factors to promote both myogenesis and angiogenesis processes. Skeletal muscle regeneration typically occurs as a result of a trauma or disease, such as congenital or myopathies. To better understand the role of vessel plasticity in tissue remodeling, we took advantage of two muscular disorders that could be considered as paradigmatic situations of regenerating skeletal muscle in the child: Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM), the most frequent inflammatory myopathy and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the most common type of muscular dystrophy. Although these two muscular disorders share, at the tissue level, similar mechanisms of necrosis-inflammation, they differ regarding the vessel domain. In JDM patients, microvascular changes consist in a destruction of endothelial cells assessed by focal capillary loss. This capillary bed destruction is transient. The tissue remodeling is efficient and muscle may progressively recover its function. By contrast, in DMD, despite an increase of vessels density in an attempt to improve the muscle perfusion, the muscle function progressively alters with age. We identified clinical and pathological markers of severity and predictive factors for poor clinical outcome in JDM by computing a comprehensive initial and follow-up clinical data set with deltoid muscle biopsy alterations controlled by age-based analysis of the deltoid muscle capillarization. We demonstrated that JDM can be divided into two distinctive clinical subgroups. The severe clinical presentation and outcome are linked to vasculopathy. Furthermore, a set of simple predictors (CMAS<34, gastrointestinal involvement, muscle endomysial fibrosis at disease onset) allow early recognition of patients needing rapid therapeutic escalation with more potent drugs. We studied in vitro the specific cell interactions between myogenic cells issued from JDM and DMD patients and normal endothelial cells to explore whether myogenic cells participate to the vessel remodeling observed in the two pathologies. We demonstrated that MPCs possessed angiogenic properties depending on the pathological environment. In DMD, MPCs promoted the development of establishment of an anarchic, although strong, EC stimulation, leading to the formation of weakly functional vessels. In JDM, MPCs enhanced the vessel reconstruction via the secretion of proangiogenic factors. This functional analysis was supported by the transcriptomic analysis consistent with a central vasculopathy in JDM including a strong and specific response to an inflammatory environment. On the contrary, DMD cells presented an unbalanced homeostasis with deregulation of several processes including muscle and vessel development with attempts to recover neuromuscular system by MPCs. To summarize, our data should allow the definition of new functions of vessel cells in skeletal muscle remodelling during muscle pathologies of the child that will open the way to explore new therapeutic options and to gain further insights in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

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