Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Munir Lutfe Ayoub.pdf: 3966670 bytes, checksum: db023a659f46afa4192b0dd071e22edb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-09 / The present study seek to understand by means of a methodology compared between the literary and archaeological sources, the changes that have taken place in the cult practices that allowed the forging of ideals, the legitimacy and the formation of the functions of Scandinavian monarchies, besides searching the feelings and anxieties that those men had for their gods. It was finally evidenced the importance of ancient Nordic traditions and Norse mythology as an instrument of legitimacy as well as the creation of social powers, contributing to the understanding of a period when rite, myth and social powers were in full connection, and such relations would mark the Viking Period in Scandinavia. That goal time is inserted between the VIII and X centuries. In the first century the first Scandinavian royals appeared and in the second one the Scandinavian people began to undergo the process of conversion to Christianity / O presente trabalho por meio de uma metodologia comparada entre as fontes literárias e arqueológicas buscou compreender as modificações ocorridas nas praticas cultuais que possibilitaram a forja de ideais, de legitimação e a formação das funções das realezas escandinavas, além de buscar as funções e ânsias que esses homens tinham sobre seus deuses. Evidenciando por fim a importância dos antigos costumes nórdicos e da mitologia nórdica como instrumento de legitimação e de criação de poderes sociais, contribuindo para a compreensão de um período onde rito, mito e os poderes sociais estavam em plena conexão, relações essas que marcariam o período Viking na Escandinávia. Tendo assim sua baliza temporal inserida entre os séculos VIII e X sendo o primeiro o século no qual surgiram as primeiras realezas escandinavas e o segundo o século no qual os povos escandinavos começaram a sofrer um processo de conversão ao cristianismo

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-11T12:41:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Damião Costa de Oliveira.pdf: 2873947 bytes, checksum: f1793569720ce6aca890370cd2b853f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T12:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Damião Costa de Oliveira.pdf: 2873947 bytes, checksum: f1793569720ce6aca890370cd2b853f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-19 / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUCSP / This dissertation aims to reflect on the term myth. The purpose is to identify, analyze and establish relations between the various forms of myth and Nazism, in order to understand to what extent the myth was the cause of the social disturbances in Germany and consequently in other societies. We will try to show that the rise of Nazism between 1933 and 1945 came partly from the unresolved problems of the end of World War I, which involved a complex chain of events, such as revanchism, nationalism, military alliances and territorial expansionism. In this context, myth has found the ideal conditions for causing social disorder. The myth has often been overlooked by some authors, which proved to be a great mistake since it has been one of the main factors throughout the social and political history of humanity and, unnoticed by societies, revealed all its power in the thirties and forties resulting in World War II. The human inability to deal with the consequences of myth - that are strengthened in periods of threat and overlap other social forces and reason - were able to change the history of humanity and the lives of millions of people / Esta dissertação tem como proposta refletir sobre o uso do mito em episódios históricos e avaliar suas consequências. O objetivo é identificar, analisar e estabelecer relações entre as várias formas de mito e o nazismo. Compreender em que medida o mito foi o causador das perturbações sociais na Alemanha e em outras sociedades. Tentaremos demonstrar que ascensão do nazismo em 1933 à 1945, aconteceu, em parte, devido aos problemas mal resolvidos durante o fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial, o que envolveu uma complexa cadeia de eventos, como o revanchismo, o nacionalismo, alianças militares e o expansionismo territorial. Nesse contexto, o mito encontrou as condições ideais para causar desordem social. O mito, muitas vezes, não foi levado em consideração por muitos autores, o que se revelou um grande erro, pois ele foi um dos principais atores durante toda a história social e política da humanidade e que nas décadas de trinta e quarenta, revelou todo o seu poder sem que as sociedades dessem conta, resultando na Segunda Guerra Mundial. A incapacidade humana de lidar com as forças míticas, que em momentos de perigo sobrepõem às demais forças sociais e a razão, foi capaz de mudar a história da humanidade e a vida de milhões de pessoas

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The overarching goal of the present thesis was to study women’s perceptions of sexual assault perpetrators and how those perceptions relate to fear of sexual assault. Previous researchers have developed a substantial literature on predictors and correlates of sexual assault perpetration. What is not known is how accurate women’s perceptions are of these predictors. Rationale from both evolutionary mismatch theory and social psychological stereotype theory suggests that women’s perceptions may be inaccurate. In the present thesis, I tested a set of hypotheses designed to examine individual differences in women’s perceptions of sexual assault perpetrators and how these perceptions relate to fear of rape. A total of 128 women completed a survey assessing their perceptions of characteristics of sexual assault perpetrators, their fears about sexual assault, their perceived risk of sexual assault, and their previous sexual assault related experiences. Results indicated that women’s perceptions of perpetrator characteristics were generally inaccurate. Furthermore, women’s overall level of accuracy was not predictive of their fear nor risk of stranger or acquaintance rape. However, women’s perceived risk of either stranger or acquaintance rape was predictive of their fear of each respective assault. These findings provide evidence for both evolutionary mismatch theory and social psychological stereotype theory. Implications regarding women’s sexual assault education and fear reduction are discussed.

The present study explored the influence of survivor weight and participant gender, rape myth acceptance and anti-fat attitudes on perceptions of sexual assault. Using an online survey tool, participants (N = 413) read a vignette describing a hypothetical sexual assault scenario and completed several self-report questionnaires. Generalized linear model analyses revealed that participants were more likely to hold the survivor responsible, excuse the perpetrator’s actions, and respond more negatively toward the survivor and more positively toward the perpetrator when the survivor was depicted as thin versus overweight. Interactions were found between rape myth acceptance and survivor weight, gender and survivor weight, and gender and anti-fat attitudes, for certain dependent variables. In addition, men and those with higher levels of rape myth acceptance and anti-fat attitudes were found to make more negative evaluations of the survivor and more positive evaluations of the perpetrator. Recommendations for future research and interventions are discussed.

The present study explored the influence of survivor weight and participant gender, rape myth acceptance and anti-fat attitudes on perceptions of sexual assault. Using an online survey tool, participants (N = 413) read a vignette describing a hypothetical sexual assault scenario and completed several self-report questionnaires. Generalized linear model analyses revealed that participants were more likely to hold the survivor responsible, excuse the perpetrator’s actions, and respond more negatively toward the survivor and more positively toward the perpetrator when the survivor was depicted as thin versus overweight. Interactions were found between rape myth acceptance and survivor weight, gender and survivor weight, and gender and anti-fat attitudes, for certain dependent variables. In addition, men and those with higher levels of rape myth acceptance and anti-fat attitudes were found to make more negative evaluations of the survivor and more positive evaluations of the perpetrator. Recommendations for future research and interventions are discussed.

Στην ανά χείρας εργασία επιχειρήθηκε η μελέτη του τρόπου με τον οποίο ο νεοπλατωνικός φιλόσοφος Πρόκλος προσεγγίζει τους μύθους έχοντας ως κύριες αναφορές του τόσο το επικό έργο του Ομήρου όσο και τον διάλογο του Πλάτωνα Πολιτεία. Κύριο μέλημα του Πρόκλου είναι η συμφιλίωση του επικού ποιητή, του Ομήρου, και του φιλόσοφου, του Πλάτωνα, αναφορικά με τον τρόπο με τον οποίο προσεγγίζουν και περιγράφουν την υπερβατική πραγματικότητα και τις αντανακλάσεις της στο εμπειρικό θνητό γίγνεσθαι. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο Όμηρος εκφράζει τις σκέψεις του με έναν αφηγηματικό, αλληγορικό τρόπο, σε αντίθεση με τον Πλάτωνα που τις εκφράζει με επιστημονικό. Και εδώ επέρχεται η φαινομενική σύγκρουση των δύο κορυφαίων εκφραστών του πνεύματος, την οποία επιχειρεί εύστοχα να υπερκεράσει ο Πρόκλος. Εν προκειμένω, μέσω της αναλυτικής προσπάθειάς του να ερμηνεύσει τους συμβολισμούς των μύθων του Ομήρου και τις αντίστοιχες παραθέσεις του επιστημονικού έργου του Πλάτωνα περί της ίδιας θεματολογίας αποκαλύπτεται και η ολιστική θεωρία του νεοπλατωνικού στοχαστή. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, επιλαμβάνονται της ερευνάς του θέματα που σχετίζονται με την δικαιοσύνη και την τιμωρία, την σωφροσύνη, την ζωή σύμφωνα με την αρετή και την ανόσια ζωή, τον ανθρωπομορφισμό των θεών, την υπερβατική και την επίγεια πραγματικότητα, τον έρωτα ως πηγής δημιουργίας και πρόνοιας, την φιλοχρηματία και την ατομική ευθύνη. Αφορμώμενος από αυτή την θεματολογία των μύθων θέτει τις δικές του σκέψεις και εξάγει τα δικά του συμπεράσματα δομώντας την ολιστική σκέψη του, η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται από μία τάση εναρμόνισης των διάφορων φιλοσοφικών κλάδων, όπως η Μεταφυσική, η Ηθική, η Πολιτική, η Γνωσιολογία, η Θεολογία κ.α.. Τοιουτοτρόπως, ανακαλύπτουμε τον τρόπο σκέψης του και τις πνευματικές εξακτινώσεις του, τις οποίες στοιχειοθετεί σε ένα επαρκώς οργανωμένο και άρτια εκφρασμένο σύστημα. Επιπλέον, ο Λύκιος φιλόσοφος, ως γνώστης της εξέλιξης του συνόλου της ελληνικής σκέψης και φιλοσοφίας χειρίζεται με απεριόριστη οξύνοια κάθε θέμα όπως αυτό αποτυπώνεται μέσα από τα κείμενα του παρελθόντος. Ως εκ τούτου, μελετά ακόμα και το πώς η ίδια θεματική συνάφεια αναλύεται από διαφορετικούς φιλοσόφους διαμορφώνοντας μία ολική και στέρεη θεώρηση περί της συγγραφικής ποιότητάς τους. Υπό αυτό το πρίσμα φανερώνεται ενώπιόν μας η άποψη του Πρόκλου για την παράδοση και την ιστορία ως ενός ενιαίου εξελικτικού πλαισίου, μέσα στο οποίο κάθε σκέψη και κάθε ενέργεια αποτελεί συνέχεια της προηγούμενης και αρχή της επόμενης μέσω μίας αναδιπλούμενης δραστηριότητας, κατά την οποία αφομοιώνεται κάθε νέα προοπτική ενός ζητήματος και στην συνέχεια αποτελεί η ίδια ερέθισμα για την ανάδειξη της επόμενης. Υπό αυτή την λογική, παρατηρούμε πως η σκέψη του νεοπλατωνικού σχολάρχη κινείται σε τροχιές ολιστικές, οι οποίες κατευθύνονται από την αρχή της συνέχειας και της αλληλοπεριχώρησης των διαφόρων θεμάτων. Εν κατακλείδι, στην ανά χείρας εργασία σε πρώτο επίπεδο θα παραθέσουμε την ερμηνευτική ανάλυση του Πρόκλου σχετικά με τους μύθους όπως αυτοί χρησιμοποιούνται από τον Όμηρο και τον Πλάτωνα. Σε ένα δεύτερο επίπεδο, θα επισημάνουμε τις ηθικές και τις πολιτικές προεκτάσεις αυτής της ανάλυσής του εξάγοντας ορισμένα συμπεράσματα. Τέλος, σε τρίτο επίπεδο θα παραθέσουμε ορισμένους πίνακες, στους οποίους καταγράφονται όλες οι έννοιες όπως αυτές εμφανίζονται στο πρωτότυπο κείμενο του νεοπλατωνικού σχολάρχη Εις τας Πλάτωνος Πολιτείας Υπόμνημα Ά και θα τις εξετάσουμε ως προς τον χαρακτηρισμό τους και την τοποθέτησή τους στους αντίστοιχους φιλοσοφικούς κλάδους, αποδεικνύοντας και μέσω αυτή της αναλυτικής προσέγγισης το ολιστικό σύστημα του σχολάρχη της Ακαδημίας. / The role of myths in the realization of political telology by Proclos.

Šiame darbe pristatomas bandymas atkurti keltų-galų mitą apie vandenų arba ežero žirgą, vadinamą kelpiu. Tyrime taikomas semiotinės analizės metodas, kurį sukūrė ir išvystė Algirdas Julius Greimas (1917–1992). Šiuo metodu siekiama atskleisti prasmės generavimo principus bei sudėtingą mitinio diskurso struktūrą. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas yra apibrėžti kelpio funkcijas keltų- galų mitiniame universume. Darbą sudaro dvi pagrindinės dalys – teorinė ir praktinė. Teorinėje dalyje apžvelgiamas Greimo semiotinis prasmės kūrimo modelis. Čia išdėstomi pagrindiniai metodo principai, supažindinama su svarbiausiomis kategorijomis, aprašomi prasmės elementų tarpusavio ryšiai. Praktinėje darbo dalyje aptariami kelpio izotopiją sudarantys konceptai. Ją sudaro septyni skyriai, kuriuose analizuojami arklio ir vandens įvaizdžiai, pagoniškoji mirties samprata ir pomirtinio pasaulio projekcija. Apibendrinus tyrimo rezultatus galima teigti, kad visi semantiniai elementai, sudarantys kelpio izotopiją, patvirtina iškeltą hipotezę, kad vandenų žirgas senajame keltų tikėjime funkcionavo kaip mirusiųjų sielų keltininkas į mirusiųjų karalystę. / The work attempts at the semiotic recosntruction of of the kelpie (kelpy) myth. The analysis is based on the semiotic method created and developed by Lithuanian born scholar Algirdas Julius Greimas (1917 - 1992), in western scholarly environment also known as Algirdas Julien Greimas. The firts chapter of the thesis describes the semiotic model of the construction of meaning. It explains the concept of the generative pathway which includes three stages of meaning articulation: the deep, narrative and discursive levels. The second chapter exlpores the mythical figure of the kelpie. It discusses the subordinate concepts of the horse, water, death (and its aspects) and the ancient projection of the Afterlife and depicts their significance in the structure of the Celtic-Gaelic kelpie myth.

This thesis examines the advisory function of the tales of three prophets (Joseph, David and Solomon) in al-Ṭabarī’s (d. 923/310 AH) History and al-Thaʿlabī’s (d. 1025/416) Tales of the Prophets within their religio-political contexts in Baghdād and Nīshāpūr respectively. The hypothesis is that by reading the tales through the prism of Islamic advice literature, in particular the works of Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ (d. 757 / 139) and Kay Kāʾūs (d. 1084 /476), one sees how these stories convey important ideas about just leadership, friendship and enmity. The thesis, which is based on both a close textual and contextual reading of the tales, contrasts the perspective of the centre (Baghdād), where al-Ṭabarī lived and where caliphal power was situated in the late ninth century, with the view from the edge of the empire (Nīshāpūr), where al-Thaʿlabī lived in a religiously vibrant society. This dissertation, which comprises five chapters, begins by describing the genre of the Tales of the Prophets (Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ) as adab (cultivated literature), because such works recapture pre-Islamic values and adapt them to Muslim contexts. Al-Ṭabarī’s view from the centre with respect to leadership is characterized by its deliberate distance from non-Islamic monarchical images and its suspicion of Ṣūfīsm. Al-Thaʿlabī’s position on the edge, on the other hand, weds royal images with Ṣūfī ideas, while cautioning against the excessive asceticism of the mystical tradition in Nīshāpūr. For leaders at the centre friendship relies on receiving good counsel which has the positive effect of creating stability in the Empire, whereas for leaders on the edge friendship promotes social harmony. Lastly, the centre and the edge both view enmity as emerging from the leaders’ family circle, but they advise leaders to practise diplomacy as jihād in order to win genuine converts. The centre promotes ṣabr (patient endurance) when confronting enmity, while the edge recommends prayer in coping with grief over calamities. Overall, the tales of the prophets are more than stories; they are lessons in leadership.

This study examines imagined boundaries between Swedes and non-Swedes. Rather than using pre-determined definitions as a starting point, the attempt is to examine the discursive construction of difference. The purpose is not to study the portrayal of immigrants per se but to examine how the “immigrant-ness” is constructed. The result shows the perception of “immigrant-ness” is linked more to a person’s origin than to the act of immigration itself.  The selected newspapers are Dagens Nyheter (DN) and Svenska Dagbladet (SvD) for the period of 15th November – 21st November, 1999. The theoretical frame is based on discourse analysis, myths, representation and construction of whiteness and blackness (e.g. Hall, Foucault, Barthes, Fanon, Dyer, Ristilammi). News coverage of ethnic minorities is also discussed (e.g. Dijk, Campbell).  The methodological approach is based on semiotics and critical linguistics.  The result shows mainly that people of non-Western origin are presented as Others (immigrants). Eastern Europeans fall into a more ambiguous category, being both different and similar. However, both groups are linked to “suburbs”, a racialized sign connoting non-Swedish populations and socio-economic problems, thus closely linking those problems and segregation to “immigrant-ness”. On the other hand, white, well-educated non-Swedes are described as cosmopolitan, i.e. persons whose “non-Swedishness” is a positive feature.