<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to study the diversity in Swedish Public Service Radio channel P4. We study the diversity both among the editorial news staff and in the news-broadcasts. We also study the opinions of two news directors of the Swedish Public Service Radio channel P4. The organisation has a national diversity policy that they should follow. We investigate if it is really followed or if it is just a document.</p><p>We use Social Responsibility Theory to explain why media images should represent the actual society and Media Logic to explain the result of our study. We think it is important that media represent the same population as the region which it covers.</p><p>We used a quantitative method to explore the diversity in the news-broadcasts for two weeks (288 broadcasts) listening for people with a foreign background and qualitative interviews to find the opinions of the news directors in Kalmar and Malmö. To study the diversity in the editorial staff we used e-mail and telephone contact with the management on each of the 25 stations nationwide. We define foreign background as someone who the audience might assume as coming from a different country based on accent, pronunciation or name.</p><p>Our results show that nine percent of the editorial news staff on Swedish Public Service Channel P4 has a foreign background by our definition. 53 percent of them are women and 47 percent are men. 60 percent of these journalists are between 26 and 45 years of age. In Kalmar, 8,4 percent of the people who were heard in the news had a foreign background. This is a little higher than the percentage of the population who was born in another country in the region that these news are supposed to cover. In Malmö, 11,1 percent of the people who were heard in the news had a foreign background. This is lower than the percentage in this station’s region. Both news directors agree that the representation of people with foreign background could be better in their news.</p><p>Our conclusions are that the percentage of people with foreign background in the local area that the news is supposed to cover seems to matter very little when it comes to their representation in the news-broadcasts. We discuss different possible reasons for this in the paper.</p></p>

Collage students’ news consumption has been a very popular research topic in media in pastfew years. But students’ involvement in news dissemination remained unnoticed andunexplored, especially in relation to democratic engagement. This study provides an overviewin this respect along with news consumption. The research reports the outcome of a surveyconducted among 124 Swedish college students, aged between 18 and 24, in spring 2012. Thestudy investigates college students’ news consumption and news dissemination of in terms ofmotives. The analysis suggests that motivations behind collage students’ news consumptionare independent of channels/media. Consumption motives appear to be similar betweentraditional and contemporary news media. Furthermore, news consumption and newsdissemination seem to be driven by completely different motives.

The purpose of this paper is to study the diversity in Swedish Public Service Radio channel P4. We study the diversity both among the editorial news staff and in the news-broadcasts. We also study the opinions of two news directors of the Swedish Public Service Radio channel P4. The organisation has a national diversity policy that they should follow. We investigate if it is really followed or if it is just a document. We use Social Responsibility Theory to explain why media images should represent the actual society and Media Logic to explain the result of our study. We think it is important that media represent the same population as the region which it covers. We used a quantitative method to explore the diversity in the news-broadcasts for two weeks (288 broadcasts) listening for people with a foreign background and qualitative interviews to find the opinions of the news directors in Kalmar and Malmö. To study the diversity in the editorial staff we used e-mail and telephone contact with the management on each of the 25 stations nationwide. We define foreign background as someone who the audience might assume as coming from a different country based on accent, pronunciation or name. Our results show that nine percent of the editorial news staff on Swedish Public Service Channel P4 has a foreign background by our definition. 53 percent of them are women and 47 percent are men. 60 percent of these journalists are between 26 and 45 years of age. In Kalmar, 8,4 percent of the people who were heard in the news had a foreign background. This is a little higher than the percentage of the population who was born in another country in the region that these news are supposed to cover. In Malmö, 11,1 percent of the people who were heard in the news had a foreign background. This is lower than the percentage in this station’s region. Both news directors agree that the representation of people with foreign background could be better in their news. Our conclusions are that the percentage of people with foreign background in the local area that the news is supposed to cover seems to matter very little when it comes to their representation in the news-broadcasts. We discuss different possible reasons for this in the paper.

Background: Health care is a strange place for the patient. To make this enviroment as good as possible, would the patient be well informed. The patient has right to know if it is a bad mews and often he/she needs caring after the information. Nurse´s basic responsibility is caring, for her/him it´s important to prevent the shock for the patient that can appear.  Aim: Describe the nursing staff responses to the patient, using the patient´s perspective in relation to bad news.  Method: A litterture review has been made with nine articles. Current research materials that meet the study´s purpose has been applied in databases and analyzed. Four themes and nine subthemes was emerged.  Results: Nurse should allow patient to talk, when bad news had been given. Conversation is important for the patient, because they want information to be able to participate in care. Good communication skills are important for the nurse in connection with bad news. Patient wants information in an honest, peaceful and transparent manner. Time is often in short supply in this conversation. To have the family in care is a good support for the patient, but not all patients want the family to participate.  Conclusion: Patients desire individually aids at handover of bad news. It gives them a safety. The most common mould of aids according to patients where that the nurse shows that she/he has time for them.

In recent 10 years, the operation environment of newspaper in Taiwan had become more and more difficult. China Times Express announced to cease publication on November 1, 2005. Grea News, Central Daily News, Taiwan Daily News, Star News, Min Sheng Daily also became history since March 2006. In addition to the trend of newspaper closures, Apple Daily from Hong Kong entered the market officially on May 2, 2003. It not only dropped a bomb in Taiwan newspaper market, but also posed a threat to the original ¡§Big 3¡¨ United Daily News, China Times and Liberty Times. External newspaper snatched the advertisement and publishing markets of internal newspapers, and forced the ¡§Big 3¡¨ to change the contents and manners of news production, even to imitate the strategy from Apple Daily in order to acquire the attraction of Taiwan newspaper readers. This study proceeded from the environment of Taiwan newspaper market and personal career expierence, focused on the producing and changing course of newspaper consumption news, and chose the Liberty Times Weekender as a study case. I attempted to figure out the effects brought about in the production of Taiwan newspaper consumption news by Apple Daily. What is changed during the course? How do the worker of the newspaper consumption news treat about the course and the result? How about the production of newspaper consumption news after the change? What¡¦s the difference between the past? Furthermore, this study paid close attention to the prodution of local consumption news, probed into the role changes of local comsumption reporters, the characteristic of local consumption news, and the gap between local comsumption reporters and headquarters of newspaper office. This Study was based on the market-driven journalism on American savant J. H. McManus, the hierarchy of influences model on P. J. Shoemaker and S. D. Reese, and the news factory model on C. R. Bantz, S. McCorkle & R. C. Baade, applying deep interview of qualitative research approaches to inquire the consumption news workers of Liberty Times Weekender. The Finding revealed that the changes of the consumption news were one of the competiton strategies in newspaper market. Liberty Times chose to follow the steps of Apple Daily Supplement, and released the whole new ¡§Apple-lization¡¨ supplement: Weekender, in order to snatch young readers group with Apple Daily and avoid being eliminated by market. Moreover, there was another finding that when the newspaper office adjusted the strategies of editting and interviewing and transformed the layout, it would be impeded by the other un-transformed layouts and influenced by the former burdens. If we interpreted this phenomenon on the market-driven journalism on J. H. McManus, we could say that news are just like goods, readers are consumers, and the newspapers are combo meals. This study also analyzed the consumption news production mode of the Liberty Times Weekender. On the whole, the Weekender preferred to employ young, college graduated, relenvance experienced consumption reporters, and carried out the power of newspaper office through the examination of proposals, beats, photos and manuscripts. On the production policy, the major function of the Weekender was to approach readers¡¦ needs, it differed from the past consumption news in gaining advertisement profits. On organizational structure, the Weekender transited the combination of editing and interviewing from chief editor to integration, and made a huge difference between past consumption news and Apple Daily in arrangement. Former studies of consumption news mostly emphasized the influences from sources and advertisers at extra-media level, but the consumption news workers of the Weekender concerned about the involvements from advertisement profits and government regulations more. Reporters of the Weekender were also affected by social and capitalistic ideology, they believed that a good consumption news is to make readers desire to consume and do consume. It was also the sources of consumption news reporters¡¦ feelings about indenfication and achievement that readers dipped into their pocket. Finally, on the production of local consumption news, threr was a finding that Apple Daily pushed the specialization of local consumption reporters, and leaded Liberty Times to dispose professional consumption reporters in middle and southern Taiwan. Besides, the Liberty Times Weekender adopted the ¡§step-by-step¡¨ planning strategies to produce local consumption news. But because of the less experiences in touch with media of the local interviewees, there were usually refusing cases and increased the time cost for local consumption reporters to produce news. While local consumption reporters of the Weekender produced news, they frequently faced the innate limits, and the most common problems were bad allocation of resources and lack of communication. This study considered that Liberty Times indeed improved the retail rate on weekend market after the release of Weekender, which contributed to the survival of newspaper office. But it might be insufficient to win from the battle lines on news marker if only to reform specific layouts on specific dates, it would be a lasting good order to have comprehensive review and innovation. Furthermore, the situations that interfere with the production of consumption news, such as notifications of supportable interview, the list of friendly and unfriendly clients, and informercials, became better than past. We also hoped that the operator of newspaper office could proceed to keep principles and make the production of consumption news get rid of advertisement profits. On the production of local consumption news, we suggested that Liberty Times should give educational training to local consumption reporters, and establish local Weekender editiorial office to embody the spirit of local editing. This Study also remided those who want to be or have been a newspaper consumption reporters, it was not just like the past. You have to rush around the streets, gather materials approaching readers¡¦ needs, interview and take photos personally at the scene, even face the ruthless refusal from interviewees, instead of dressing fashionably, lineing up to receive a gift, being fed by PR practitioner. As to the superintendents of government institution, we suggested them to distinguish the standards and differences between news and advertisements and to invite editiorial chiefs from all kinds of media, experts and savants in journalism and mass communication, consumer protection groups and general public making reasonable regulations of consumption news together. In this way, there would be a best balance among enactments, freedom of information, and readers¡¦ right to know.

The social meaning of television news has been under transformation since the successes of cable news in the final years of the previous century. In their attempts to preserve viewership and to remain relevant, traditional broadcast news outlets increasingly emulate the conventions of cable news. Instead of retaining audiences, the result has been declining news content and a continued loss of viewers. Amid these industry transformations, the concept of “journalist” continues to undergo change. This evolution of the news allows for a decidedly unique response to news programming in The Daily Show With Jon Stewart. Though advertised as a half-hour comedy show, it has established itself as a consistent re-teller and producer of news, only possible in a postmodern era of journalism after objectivity. Amid the industry’s shift in priorities from objectivity and reporting to influencing, framing and re-telling the news, The Daily Show is considered as much an example of journalism as many of the shows currently in the news sphere. Although our society is currently saturated with information, this information often fails to penetrate the surface of the issues covered. Too much information is as paralytic as ignorance. Recently, attention has shifted towards a re-evaluation of television news into something that will both help the public find the information they are searching for and give them the tools to make sense of and utilize that information. This concept of journalism as tool is present in every episode of The Daily Show. The show encourages viewers to peel away the layers of mediation of traditional newscasts, to recognize substance and the lack thereof, and become active consumers of information rather than passive receptacles submersed in irrelevant information. The Daily Show proves that a news show can inform, entertain and teach audiences how to critically process television as an informational medium.

The social meaning of television news has been under transformation since the successes of cable news in the final years of the previous century. In their attempts to preserve viewership and to remain relevant, traditional broadcast news outlets increasingly emulate the conventions of cable news. Instead of retaining audiences, the result has been declining news content and a continued loss of viewers. Amid these industry transformations, the concept of "journalist" continues to undergo change. This evolution of the news allows for a decidedly unique response to news programming in The Daily Show With Jon Stewart. Though advertised as a half-hour comedy show, it has established itself as a consistent re-teller and producer of news, only possible in a post-modern era of journalism after objectivity. Amid the industry's shift in priorities from objectivity and reporting to influencing, framing and re-telling the news, The Daily Show is considered as much an example of journalism as many of the shows currently in the news sphere. Although our society is currently saturated with information, this information often fails to penetrate the surface of the issues covered. Too much information is as paralytic as ignorance. Recently, attention has shifted towards a re-evaluation of television news into something that will both help the public find the information they are searching for and give them the tools to make sense of and utilize that information. This concept of journalism as tool is present in every episode of The Daily Show. The show encourages viewers to peel away the layers of mediation of traditional newscasts, to recognize substance and the lack thereof, and become active consumers of information rather than passive receptacles submersed in irrelevant information. The Daily Show proves that a news show can inform, entertain and teach audiences how to critically process television as an informational medium.

Analyses of war coverage address its relation to historical fact, propaganda, and bias, but I see a great need to position war coverage within the context of the industry that produces and distributes news content. To divorce televised war coverage from the entertainment industry is to decontextualize it in the most fundamental way. This dissertation investigates the way in which Cable News Network (CNN) and Fox News Channel (FNC) positioned and packaged the U.S. military’s invasion of Iraq in March 2003 for a domestic audience. I place those two networks and the 2003 invasion of Iraq within the context of post-classical Hollywood filmmaking, one offshoot of which is high concept. I argue that high concept—a filmmaking practice inextricably linked to conglomeration, new technologies, and an incessant, self-preserving drive to market— can be applied productively to the study of television news. When infused with critical theory, high concept is a valuable way to understand the politics and construction of entertainment-driven war coverage. The industrial development of television news has yielded a media artifact that mimics the practice of high concept filmmaking narratively, stylistically, ideologically, and commercially. By using high concept as an alternative approach to television news, I propose that studies that disregard or marginalize visuals, sound, narrative, and the industry that profits from the spectacular packaging of those elements cannot fully capture the thrust of television news. By stripping television news of its stature as somehow divorced from and above the rest of television programming, I aim to re-insert it into the entertainment industry. My intent is to bring together theoretical and practical insights from different disciplines so that I can contextualize contemporary television news in a unique and compelling way. In doing so, this dissertation aims to contribute to the pursuit of democratic media. / text

In this essay a pilot study on the memory of Swedish Public Service radio news is presented. 30 subjects participated in the study, which was performed during three days, 18 to 20 of November 2013. The material which formed the basis for the study consisted three newscasts of Sweden's most popular radio newscast ”Dagens eko”, which is broadcasted live at 16.45 every day in the Public Service channels SR P1 and SR P4. The subjects listened to the broadcasts each day, and their memory of them was tested the day after each broadcast. The aim of the thesis is to find out which properties of the audience that affect how much – and what parts – of a newscast that the audience remember. The properties the study has examined are gender, age, domicile and which other news media the study participants used during each day of the study. The aim of this paper is also to show which properties of the newscasts, and the news stories which they contain, that affect how much and what parts of the newscast the audience remember. No general conclusions can be drawn from the results presented in this paper as it is a pilot study with a limited material. The results presented apply only to the selected subjects in the selected three days. In this pilot study women remembered more news stories from the newscasts than men, listeners older than 50 years remembered more news stories from the newscasts than listeners younger than 50 years and listeners who consumed many other traditional news media during the pilot study remembered more from the newscasts than listeners who did not. Domicile does, according to the results of this pilot studie, not affect the remembrance of a newscast. It was also found that there were large differences regarding how well the different news stories were remembered. Some of the news stories were remembered by almost all subjects, while others were forgotten by the same number. The pilot study suggests that characteristics that increase the remembrance of a novelty are that the news story is a national news story, that it is mentioned in the introductory presentation of the broadcast, that it is presented as one of the three or four first news or at the very end of the broadcast, that it contain at least one interview or a speaker and that it is considered to be sensational. The pilot study also suggests that information about the actors and locations in a news story gets better remembered than information about what the news event actually was, why the news event occurred or what affect it will get.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81).