Braunschweig, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2002.

This thesis examines the practice of normative contestation in the African Union (AU) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Dissatisfied with existing liberal, realist, and rationalist accounts of normative change, the thesis develops a new theoretical approach involving competing 'norm circles,' actors committed to endorsing or enforcing a norm, whose perceived utility of a norm determines their stance. The model suggests that under conditions of contestation involving at least two norm circles, actors compete according to the terms of their domain, the regional organization. The differences involve actors' competencies in controlling the initiative, their mastery of other shared norms, and their ability to seek other opportunities of influence, termed 'metis.' Empirically, the thesis examines six case studies, three each from the AU and ASEAN, in which significant new norms testing member state sovereignty were proposed, after which the norms were either accepted, rejected, or qualified, according to how the contest unfolded. Each case reviews the historical origins of the norm and the proposal, followed by analysing how each norm circle used the factors mentioned above to seek approval for their proposals. It then assesses the relative importance of the factors, alternative explanations, and future implications for the norms in each case. In the AU, the three cases were the proposals for the United States of Africa, the Conference on Security, Stability, Development and Cooperation in Africa, and the Pan-African Parliament. In ASEAN, the thesis examines the question of human rights in the ASEAN Charter, the attempt to formalize the 'ASEAN minus X' principle, also during the charter drafting, and the contestation over the creation of a regional human rights mechanism, which eventually became the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights.

Det här är en kandidatuppsats vars syfte är att undersöka gymnasieungdomars attityder till och åsikter om vad som är normen i sexuella sammanhang samt hur deras syn på olika sexuella läggningar ser ut. Ämnet som har valts för undersökning beror på författarnas egna intressen samt att vi anser att det är relevant för socialt arbete att ha kunskap om de sexuella normer som finns bland ungdomar idag. Detta för att man ska kunna bemöta dem på ett korrekt och kompetent vis. Sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med gymnasieungdomar har genomförts. Sedan har en kvalitativ innehållsanalys gjorts där materialet har analyserats med hjälp av tre teorier: socialkonstruktionism, queerteori och sexuella script. De viktigaste slutsatserna som har dragits av studien är att den sexuella normen handlar mycket om ett heteronormativt samliv och att stora skillnader finns mellan vad som är norm för respektive kön.

Arbetet berör frågeställningen om en gradvis ökning av dissonanta intervall i tre kompositioner påverkar uppfattningen av en cutscene. Med hjälp av tidigare forskning kring människans relation till musikaliska intervall och med ytterligare research, skapades en artefakt. Undersökningen genomfördes med 27 personer i olika åldrar där varje deltagare fick se och lyssna på en cutscene tillsammans med musik och sedan svara på ett antal frågor i en intervju. Det fanns tre testgrupper där skillnaden var att musikstyckena hade olika grad av dissonanta intervall. Resultatet visade att alla musikstyckena upplevdes sorgliga men att de gradvis ökade dissonanserna skapade en ångestfylld känsla, medan kompositionen med minst dissonanser upplevdes vara mer hoppfull än de andra två. Majoriteten upplevde dock inte att dissonanserna uppgav en obehaglig känsla. I en vidarutveckling av studien hade fler testpersoner i olika åldrar som deltog och en utveckling av artefakten varit önskvärt.

Tong Kwok-Kit. / "August 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Choinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-116). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

In Nuclear family as status Dennis Wijk examines if and how the nuclear family ideals and norms permeates family law secretaries work with families. The aim of the study is to investigate if the nuclear family has the status of ideals and norms in the family law secretaries practice. In order to achieve the aim of conducted four interviews with family law secretaries in Stockholm city. The interviews have been the main data collection. Theoretical concepts which are central in the study are: the nuclear family, institution, ideals, standards, and established and outsiders. By the results of the study demonstrated that family law secretaries do not meet nuclear family in its practice and it detected no direct efforts to promote such ideals. Nuclear family's status as an ideal and norm turns out to be low in the three themes of four, where the fourth indicates a high status. In the fourth theme raised by that it is first in the family law secretaries own starting points that the nuclear family is becoming a reality and generates a higher status as ideal and norm. / I kärnfamiljens status undersöker Dennis Wijk om och hur kärnfamiljen som ideal och norm genomsyrar familjerättssekreterares arbete med familjer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad kärnfamiljen har för status som ideal och norm i familjerättssekreterarnas praktik. För att uppnå syftet utfördes fyra intervjuer med familjerättssekreterare inom Stockholm stad. Intervjuerna har varit den huvudsakliga datainsamlingen. Teoretiska begrepp som är centrala i studien är kärnfamiljen, institution, ideal, normer samt etablerade och outsiders. Av studiens resultat visas att familjerättssekreterarna inte möter kärnfamiljen i sin praktik och det upptäcks heller inga direkta strävanden efter att arbeta för ett sådant ideal. Kärnfamiljens status som ideal och norm visar sig vara låg i tre teman av fyra, där det fjärde visar på en hög status. I det fjärde temat lyfts det fram att det är först i familjerättssekreterarnas egna utgångspunkter som kärnfamiljer blir ett faktum och genererar en högre status som ideal och norm.

This is a qualitative study that has investigated four people's experiences of making a physical change of life. With narrative depth interviews, the study was characterized by the informants own experience of their experiences and thoughts. With questions surrounding their experiences of alienation, belonging to the standard, people's attitude and prejudices against their appearance. The investigation revealed that the informants experienced shared experiences and things that separated them. The conclusion based on the people in this study was that people with low self-esteem are at greater risk for experiencing alienation. Despite the fact that a person belongs to the norm, the person can experience a dissatisfaction with themselves and still feel that they does not fit. The perception of self and self-esteem is improved not only by belonging to the norm. However, a person who belongs to the norm experience the benefits by including a friendly reception from their surroundings. The perception of others' prejudices and treatment does not always match the reality. It may be due to their own uncertainty in the person that makes misjudgments of their surroundings.

A carnival can not be stopped! A design pedagogical study of children and norms   In Basel, the only Protestant carnival in Europe takes place. The carnival is called Fasnacht. For three days, there is a wild and uninhibited play with tradition, crossing borders and social criticism. The aim of this thesis is to expand the understanding of the concept of the carnival, and how to use it for an educational purpose. Three children from Basel have been involved in an workshop where they designed and talked about norms and power structures through the carnivalesque principle. The study is based on the questions: How can you use the carnival as a starting point for designing and talking about norms and power structures together with children? And; How can the design process support such a project? To spot this, I made arrangements for a design educational project. Based on the carnival and through the design educational project, the three children got the opportunity to let Barbie dolls go on their own carnival. The methods underlying the project is transforming design and a concept the pedagogue Paulo Friere called a Visual Voice. The workshop with the Barbie dolls became the children's visual voice - a designed figure that the children could talk about, and reflect about how they for example create their gender identity, and why the colour pink is a girl colour. During the project, the empirical material was collected in the form of field notes, log books, photographs and the children's self-designed Barbie dolls. The empirical data were then analysed and interpreted through a queer theory and by Mikhail Bakhtin's carnivalesque concepts. The study also opinions that children's play is an important factor for children's learning, and the children's play is later discussed through the carnevalesque principle. The study is portrayed at Konstfack, in the room Biblioteksgången, between 2014-01-13 and 2014 - 01-17. The artistic representation tries to highlight the children's experience of the carnival, my experience of Switzerland, and show something I found in the study, namely that the colour pink is loaded with various notions that can be linked to girls' identity..

Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Universiẗat, Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Torklus, A. von: Rückstellungen nach IFRS.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Augsburg.