With the fear of decline of the Cape Breton fiddling tradition after the airing of The Vanishing Cape Breton Fiddler by the CBC in 1971, both the Cape Breton community and ethnographers clamored to preserve and maintain the extant practices and discourse. While this allowed for performance contexts and practices to burgeon, it also solidified certain perspectives about the “diasporic preservation” and resultant “authenticity.” This work aims to trace the seeds and developments of the beliefs surrounding the Cape Breton fiddling tradition, from the idealizations of Enlightenment Scotland to the manipulation and commercialization of the folklore and Celticism of twentieth-century Nova Scotia. These contexts romanticized older practices as “authentic,” a construct that deeply impacted the narrative about the Cape Breton fiddling tradition. One of the most rooted and complex concepts in this narrative is that of “old style,” a term that came to represent the idealized performance practice in post-1971 Cape Breton fiddling. As models were sought for younger players to emulate, pre-1971 “master” fiddlers with innovative stylistic approaches began to be identified as “old style” players. The interstices of the tradition allowed more extreme stylistic experimentation to be accepted as “traditional,” while the symbiotic social practice of dancing necessitated relative conservatism. Analysis will show that “listening” tunes fell into the interstices of allowable innovation, while dance (particularly step-dance) tunes demanded certain “old style” techniques. A more holistic view of the complexities of the Cape Breton fiddling tradition follows from a perspective not only of the socio-musical elements that shaped the historical narrative, but also of the musical elements of this dance-oriented “old style.”

The existence of racism in Canada is well documented (Johnson and Enomoto 2007; Henry and Tator 2006; Lopes and Thomas 2006), yet little is known about the employment experiences of those marginalized by race. In a study looking at African Canadians’ experiences of racism related stress, James, Este, Bernard, Benjamin, Lloyd and Turner (2010), found that racism in the employment sector was one of the most significant areas of stress faced by the study participants. Given these findings, this qualitative study sought to further explore the everyday employment experience of adults in Nova Scotia, who are marginalized by race. In addition, it sought to foster deeper understandings of the influence of employment equity policy on organizational change.

Urban highway infrastructure in North America has been singularly designed for the automobile, severing parts of the urban fabric, blighting our once-thriving city centres and resulting in spaces that are void of the human scale. The Cogswell Interchange in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada is such an infrastructure, cutting through the downtown core and heritage district. This thesis investigates the Cogswell Interchange in an attempt to animate and enliven a dead urban space, reducing traffic and bringing new activity and life to the street. Reappropriating parts of vehicular infrastructure for cyclist and pedestrian use and creating a variety of activities and programs (gallery, gym, restaurant, park) enables an increased connectivity for pedestrians and cyclists and brings a more human-scale urbanity to the site. The infrastructure itself becomes a framework upon which to build, revisioned as an active, vibrant place which people can experience with a renewed sense of wonder and appreciation.

The main objective of this thesis is to show that the thirty melodies ascribed to the ashoogh Sayat Nova are melodically and rhythmically homogeneous, and that they bear similarity to both Armenian folk and sacred melodies. Since very little has been written on this topic in Occidental languages, it has been necessary to provide (1) a descriptive account of the ancient Armenian music; namely, vibassan, koosan, folk and sacred traditions; (2) a presentation of ashoogh poetic forms, rhyming schemes, and accentuation patterns, which are summarized for the first time in a chart with corresponding sources; (3) a chapter on Armenian tzayns as a background to the melodic analysis and codifications of Sayat Nova's melodies, which is contrary to the accepted practice of codifying these melodies with Greek modal names. / Professor Nigoghos Tahmizian's analysis of Sayat Nova melodies was used as a starting point. Furthermore, through analysis based primarily on available secondary sources, certain conclusions have been obtained: such as, the unity of rhythm/meter with language conventions, presence of specific melodic patterns, cadential endings, intervallic patterns and ranges in Sayat Nova melodies, as characterised by individual tzayn codifications. Further research is suggested to clarify codification of poetic forms, tzayn designations, and specifically, to solidify accentuation conventions of the Armenian language and of its dialects.

This dissertation presents a study on velocity modeling using ocean-bottom seismometer data (OBS) collected in 2004 and 2006 on the western Scotian slope. Gas hydrate and free gas concentrations and their distribution along the Scotian margin were derived based on the velocity results modeled with two different OBS data sets. A strong velocity increase (140-300 m/s) associated with gas hydrate was modeled for a depth of 220 m below seafloor (bsf). At the base of that high velocity zone (330 mbsf) the velocity decreases with 50-130 m/s. This depth is associated with the depth of the bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) observed in previous 2-D seismic reflection data. The gas hydrate concentrations (2-18 %) based on these velocities were calculated with an effective medium model. The velocity modeling shows that a sparser OBS spacing (~ 1 km) reveals more velocity uncertainties and smaller velocity contrasts than a denser (100 m) spaced OBS array. The results of the travel-time inverse modeling are applied in a waveform inverse modeling with OBS data in the second part of the thesis. The modeling tests were performed to obtain information on OBS instrument spacings necessary to detect low-concentration gas hydrate occurrences. The model runs show that an increase in instrument spacing leads to an increasing loss of model smoothness. However, large instrument spacings (>500 m) are beneficial for covering a wide target region with only using a few instruments, but decreasing the lateral resolution limits of the subsurface targets. In general half of the instrument spacing defines the lower boundary for the lateral width of the target structure. Waveform modeling with the 2006 OBS data has shown that low frequencies (<8 Hz) in the source spectrum are necessary to recover the background velocity of the model. The starting model derived from travel-time inversion of the 2006 data is not close enough to the true model. Thus the first-arrival waveforms do not match within half a cycle. Modeling with a starting frequency of 8 Hz and and applying data with a low signal-to-noise ratio (1.25) introduces artifacts into the final model result without updating the velocity. / Graduate

With the fear of decline of the Cape Breton fiddling tradition after the airing of The Vanishing Cape Breton Fiddler by the CBC in 1971, both the Cape Breton community and ethnographers clamored to preserve and maintain the extant practices and discourse. While this allowed for performance contexts and practices to burgeon, it also solidified certain perspectives about the “diasporic preservation” and resultant “authenticity.” This work aims to trace the seeds and developments of the beliefs surrounding the Cape Breton fiddling tradition, from the idealizations of Enlightenment Scotland to the manipulation and commercialization of the folklore and Celticism of twentieth-century Nova Scotia. These contexts romanticized older practices as “authentic,” a construct that deeply impacted the narrative about the Cape Breton fiddling tradition. One of the most rooted and complex concepts in this narrative is that of “old style,” a term that came to represent the idealized performance practice in post-1971 Cape Breton fiddling. As models were sought for younger players to emulate, pre-1971 “master” fiddlers with innovative stylistic approaches began to be identified as “old style” players. The interstices of the tradition allowed more extreme stylistic experimentation to be accepted as “traditional,” while the symbiotic social practice of dancing necessitated relative conservatism. Analysis will show that “listening” tunes fell into the interstices of allowable innovation, while dance (particularly step-dance) tunes demanded certain “old style” techniques. A more holistic view of the complexities of the Cape Breton fiddling tradition follows from a perspective not only of the socio-musical elements that shaped the historical narrative, but also of the musical elements of this dance-oriented “old style.”

Cloud Computing is the next step in the evolution of the Internet. It provides seemingly unlimited computation and storage resources by abstracting the networking, hardware, and software components underneath. However, individual cloud service providers do not have unlimited resources to offer. Some of the tasks demand computational resources that these individual cloud service providers can not fulfill themselves. In such cases, it would be optimal for these providers to borrow resources from each other. The process where different cloud service providers pool their resources is called Cloud Federation. There are many aspects to Cloud Federation such as access control and interoperability. Access control ensures that only the permitted users can access these federated resources. Interoperability enables the end-user to have a seamless experience when accessing resources on federated clouds. In this thesis, we detail our project named GENI-SAVI Federation, in which we federated the GENI and SAVI cloud systems. We focus on the access control portion of the project while also discussing the interoperability aspect of it. / Graduate / 0984 / panjwani.riz@gmail.com

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaes_sm_me_mar.pdf: 602801 bytes, checksum: 83c83b4d66ce66ce7efd4fa80d2aa14b (MD5) / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a reflexão empreendida por Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) acerca dos fenômenos do poder e da violência, bem como sua crítica à Nova Esquerda , crítica essa que se apresenta de forma sistematizada em seu ensaio Sobre a violência, de 1969. A distinção entre poder e violência constitui-se, pois, em tema central do pensamento político da autora, que teve como motivação para sua reflexão a Rebelião Estudantil de 1968, a guerra do Vietnã e o papel da violência no âmbito da Nova Esquerda. Com efeito, o poder, para Arendt, é inerente a toda comunidade política e resulta da capacidade de agir conjuntamente. Por outro lado, a violência, que é instrumental, se funda na categoria meio-fim, e quando recobrada no âmbito do político é responsável por fazer desaparecer o poder. Portanto, poder e violência são assuntos opostos: quando um se afirma absoluto, o outro desaparece. Do contato com o pensamento de Arendt, percebemos que seu conceito de poder foi forjado tendo como referência a tradição da polis grega, a qual, no entendimento de Arendt, lança luzes sobre a derrocada dos valores da política moderna, bem como sobre a necessidade de resgatar a diferença entre as esferas pública e privada para fazer emergir o fenômeno originariamente político. Confrontando suas idéias com as de outros autores, consideramos que a análise de Arendt sobre o poder transcende completamente as relações conflituosas constitutivas da vida política e suas instituições tradicionais. Além disso, a rejeição da ação radical da Nova Esquerda, por esta autora, em grande medida parece engrossar o coro que recusa e rechaça a utopia, que significa, no contexto do “fim da ideologia”, a negação da perspectiva socialista em favor, mais uma vez, da “democracia” e do “pluralismo” norte-americanos. / The aim of this paper is to analyze the reflexion undertaken by Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) on the phenomena of power and violence as well as her critique of the New Left, which is presented systematically in her essay On Violence (1969). The distinction between power and violence thus comprises a central theme in her political thought, which has had as a motivation for her reflexion the Student Rebellion of 1968, the Vietnam war and the role of violence within the New Left. Indeed, the power, on Arendt's account, is inherent to every political community and it is a result of the ability to act jointly. Furthermore, the violence, that is instrumental, is based upon the means-end category and whenever stablished within the political sphere becomes responsible for causing the power to vanish. Therefore, power and violence are opposite subjects: as one becomes absolute, the other vanishes. By being in touch with Arendt's thinking we come to realize that her innovative concept of power has been forged having as reference the tradition of Greek polis, which, from Arendt's understanding, casts light on the defeat of the values of the modern Politics, as well as on the need of restoring the difference between public and private spheres to cause the originally political phenomenom to emerge. By putting her thoughts with those of other authors, we consider that Arednt's analysis of power goes completely beyond the conflicting constituents of political life and its traditional institutions. Moreover, the rejection of the extreme action of the New Left, by the author, largely seems to reinforce the chorus that refuses and rejects the utopia, which means, in the end of ideology context, the negation of the socialist perspective in behalf, once again, of the American democracy and pluralism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camargo_vo_me_mar.pdf: 256181 bytes, checksum: adeaa2b0e35ab0a13bd2880f0ed72aab (MD5) / Esta dissertação teve o propósito de analisar uma modalidade comportamental particular, construída durante as três últimas décadas do século XX e, que pode ser apreendida através do movimento Nova Era. A essa modalidade pode-se observar a construção subjetiva de mecanismos de respostas e de interpretação da realidade que resultam em atitudes e/ou numa ética comportamental capaz de traduzir os novos desafios que a realidade atual - denominada por alguns teóricos como sendo uma realidade pós-moderna - coloca para o indivíduo. Todavia, pode-se constatar que tais mecanismos de respostas, quando confrontados com o processo de alienação humana, tornam-se uma modalidade de resposta individual cujo potencial crítico fica ao nível superficial, reforçando um processo de privatização do indivíduo. / This dissertation had as the purpose of analyzing a modality peculiar comportamental, built during the last three decades of the century XX and that it can be apprehended through the movement New Era. For this modality it could be observed the subjective construction of mechanisms of answers and of interpretation of the reality that resulted in attitudes and or in an ethics comportamental capable to translate the new challenges that the current reality - denominated by some theoreticals as being a post-modern reality - it puts for the individual. Though, it can be verified that such mechanisms of answers, when confronted with the process of human alienation, they become a modality of individual answer which the critical potential is at the superficial level, reinforcing a process of the individualþs privatizations.

The changes in the species composition, phytosociological structure and the growth dynamics (recruitment, mortality and dbh increment) have been studied in five permanent plots in a Mixed Araucaria Forest with different degrees of human intervention. The area located in Nova Prata county, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, has been measured during the 1995 2003 period, considering trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) over 30 cm. The floristic composition analysis shoes no significant changes during the studied period. Nevertheless, the trends to a lower number of strata indicate changes in the vertical structure, in the sense of a more stable one. The mortality rate has been higher than the recruitment rate and therefore, the dynamics cure not progressive but occurs in periods in which death is greater than inflows, creating gaps in the canopy than can allow the emergence of new individuals. The basal area annual increment can be estimated by an equation developed for the measured forest. Nevertheless, a specific equation had to be developed for Unit 5, that has showed a very different growth pattern, due to the consequences on it of a storm. The result of applying canonic correspondence analysis to the forest is the division in two phytosociological structures, according to the presence, or no, of Araucaria angustifolia. However, no significative changes in the internal phytosociological changes have been observed in these two structures. As observed before, mortality rates have been higher than recruitment rates, noting that this has been higher in the areas with out Araucaria, indicating a higher alteration in theses structures. The annual basal area increments can be estimated through regression equations developed for the two structures. The forest be managed according to the mosaic distribution pattern of the two structures (with and without Araucaria) observed. / As mudanças na composição florística, estrutura fitossociológica e os processos dinâmicos do crescimento: ingresso, mortalidade e incremento em área basal, foram estudados em cinco unidades de medição permanente de uma Floresta Ombrófila Mista com distintos graus de intervenção antrópica. A área, localizada no município de Nova Prata, RS, foi amostrada durante o período de 1995 a 2003, considerando os indivíduos arbóreos com circunferência à altura do peito maior ou igual a 30 cm. A análise de composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica mostram não haver mudanças significativas durante o período estudado. Foi observada uma mudança na composição vertical da floresta para estruturas com menor número de estratos significando uma maior estabilidade. As taxas de mortalidade foram superiores as taxas de ingresso, de modo que a dinâmica não se produz em forma gradativa mas sim por períodos onde a mortalidade é superior ao ingresso, gerando espaços no dossel, o que permite o surgimento de novos indivíduos. O incremento periódico anual em área basal pode ser estimado por uma equação própria desenvolvida para a floresta amostrada. Foi necessário desenvolver uma equação particular para a estimativa do incremento em área basal para a unidade amostral permanente Parcela 5 , pois esta mostrou um comportamento totalmente diferenciado do resto em conseqüência de um ciclone. A análise de correspondência canônica dividiu a floresta em duas estruturas diferenciadas pela presença dominante, ou não, de Araucaria angustifolia, fazendo necessário o trabalho em duas comunidades fitossociológicas. Analisando estas duas estruturas, também, não foram observadas mudanças significativas na estrutura fitossociológica no período estudado. As taxas de mortalidade também se apresentaram maiores que as de ingresso, registrando-se uma maior mortalidade na floresta sem presença dominante de araucária, o que indica uma maior alteração da estrutura. Os incrementos periódicos anuais em área basal podem ser estimados através de equações de regressão desenvolvidas para cada caso. Pelo observado é recomendável manejar a floresta fazendo uma divisão pelas diferença de vegetação em dois grupos com presença dominante de araucária e sem presença dominante desta espécie.