The aim of this thesis is to present persistent identification systems and analysis of the use of persistent identifiers for digital objects on a sample of national digital libraries. The first part is a brief introduction to digital libraries. The second part describes selected permanent identification systems. The third part explains elements of selected national digital libraries. The last section is an analysis of the use of persistent identifiers in various national digital libraries. Keywords: persistent identifier, persistent identification system, URI, URN, PURL, Handle, DOI, ARK, digital library, national library, digital object

Am Anfang stand der Wunsch nach mehr Platz. Dieser musste mit dem jüngsten Leipziger Erweiterungsbau geschaffen werden, um den wachsenden Medienbestand der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek – inzwischen rund 26 Millionen Objekte – fachgerecht zu lagern und für die Nutzung bereitzuhalten.

Thesis (M.A. (Information Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Digitisation of library materials offers Library and Information Services (LIS) organisations, national libraries in particular, opportunities to preserve and manage fragile and unique materials, by protecting their physical, saving them from deteriorating and facilitating unmediated access to such collection. The aim of the study was to examine processes involved in the digitisation of the South African National Documentary and Cultural Heritage for the purpose of preservation and access at the national library of South Africa (NLSA). The study was guided by the systems theory by looking into the selection, processing and disseminating of digital records at the NLSA. The study examined adherence to the policies and national legislative frameworks, the technologies used for digitization and access to digitized collections, tools used for accessing digital collections, as well the challenges experienced in the NLSA digitization project. Qualitative research methodology was adopted, through a case-study research whereby, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations were triangulated as data collection methods for the study. The key findings showed that the digitisation project at the NLSA adheres to pieces of national legislation and international guidelines such as International Standards Organization (ISO), the and draft digitisation policy developed by the Department of Sports, Arts and Culture which takes into consideration the national legislative framework such as the RSA Constitution, the NLSA Act, the Legal Deposit Act, Copyright legislation, and the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA). However, the content analysis of these legislation did not mention anything about the handling and management of digital collections. Technologies and equipment used in the digitisation process included high quality scanners, servers and hard drives with software such as Optical Character Recognition, Content document management software and the NLSA website. The challenges uncovered in the study in relation included duplication of digitisation efforts and lack of expertise in digitisation. This study recommends that given the evolution of technology, the NLSA should migrate to a more convenient cloud storage that has a large advantage in case of unlimited storage, and keep up to date with the trends of digitisation technology. Legislation governing the LIS in South Africa also needs amendment to cater for the handling and management of digital collections. v

Text in Afrikaans / Summary in Afrikaans and English / Die Nasionale Biblioteek van Suid-Afrika ervaar 'n behoefte aan 'n metode van menslikehulpbronontwikkeling waarvolgens die vaardighede van werknemers ontwikkel kan word sodat die organisasie kan aanpas by plaaslike en globale veranderinge. Gestruktureerde mentorskap is vervolgens geidentifiseer as 'n geskikte metode om in die bestaande behoefte te voorsien, aangesien mentorskap se loopbaan- en psigo-sosiale funksies die ontwikkeling van die professionele en persoonlike vaardighede van die werknemer moontlik maak. Daarby is mentorskap nie net voordelig vir die betrokkenes nie, maar dit hou ook besliste voordele in vir die organisasie en die sektor waarbinne die organisasie werksaam is. Die suksesvolle toepassing van gestruktureerde mentorskap is egter daaraan onderhewig dat die kontekstuele omgewing waarbinne dit toegepas gaan word, geskik moet wees, en werknemers moet bereid wees om betrokke te raak by so 'n program. 'n Konseptuele raamwerk vir die bestudering van mentorskap soos opgestel deur David Marshall Hunt en Carol Michael is derhalwe aangepas om die verskynsel "mentorskap" deur middel van 'n verkennende literatuuroorsig te bestudeer. Die bevindinge van die literatuuroorsig word ondersteun deur 'n empiriese ondersoek van die geskiktheid van die Nasionale Biblioteek van Suid-Afrika as kontekstuele omgewing vir die toepassing van mentorskap en die bereidwilligheid van die werknemers van hierdie biblioteekorganisasie om betrokke te raak by die mentorskapproses. Die data wat ingesamel is, word ontleed en die gevolgtrekkings wat gemaak word oor bogenoemde twee vereistes vir die suksesvolle toepassing van mentorskap word uiteengesit. Die studie word afgesluit deur aanbevelings wat gemaak word oor aspekte van die toepassing van mentorskap wat verdere navorsing regverdig, maar wat nie binne die bestek van hierdie studie na behore aangespreek kon word nie. / Structured mentoring was identified as a method to develop the professional and personal skills of the employees of the National Library of South Africa in order to adjust to local and global changes. A conceptual framework for the study of mentoring, as developed by Hunt and Michael, was therefore critically adapted in order to investigate fully the phenomenon of "mentoring" by means of an exploratory literature review. The findings of the literature review are supported by an empirical survey to test the suitability of the National Library of South Africa as contextual environment for the application of mentoring, as well as the willingness of its employees to participate in mentoring. This culminated in an analysis and interpretation of the findings and formulation of conclusions regarding the two abovementioned requirements for the successful application of mentoring. The study ends with recommendations for further investigation into aspects of mentoring which could not be covered in this study. / Information Science / M. Inf.

Text in Afrikaans / Summary in Afrikaans and English / Die Nasionale Biblioteek van Suid-Afrika ervaar 'n behoefte aan 'n metode van menslikehulpbronontwikkeling waarvolgens die vaardighede van werknemers ontwikkel kan word sodat die organisasie kan aanpas by plaaslike en globale veranderinge. Gestruktureerde mentorskap is vervolgens geidentifiseer as 'n geskikte metode om in die bestaande behoefte te voorsien, aangesien mentorskap se loopbaan- en psigo-sosiale funksies die ontwikkeling van die professionele en persoonlike vaardighede van die werknemer moontlik maak. Daarby is mentorskap nie net voordelig vir die betrokkenes nie, maar dit hou ook besliste voordele in vir die organisasie en die sektor waarbinne die organisasie werksaam is. Die suksesvolle toepassing van gestruktureerde mentorskap is egter daaraan onderhewig dat die kontekstuele omgewing waarbinne dit toegepas gaan word, geskik moet wees, en werknemers moet bereid wees om betrokke te raak by so 'n program. 'n Konseptuele raamwerk vir die bestudering van mentorskap soos opgestel deur David Marshall Hunt en Carol Michael is derhalwe aangepas om die verskynsel "mentorskap" deur middel van 'n verkennende literatuuroorsig te bestudeer. Die bevindinge van die literatuuroorsig word ondersteun deur 'n empiriese ondersoek van die geskiktheid van die Nasionale Biblioteek van Suid-Afrika as kontekstuele omgewing vir die toepassing van mentorskap en die bereidwilligheid van die werknemers van hierdie biblioteekorganisasie om betrokke te raak by die mentorskapproses. Die data wat ingesamel is, word ontleed en die gevolgtrekkings wat gemaak word oor bogenoemde twee vereistes vir die suksesvolle toepassing van mentorskap word uiteengesit. Die studie word afgesluit deur aanbevelings wat gemaak word oor aspekte van die toepassing van mentorskap wat verdere navorsing regverdig, maar wat nie binne die bestek van hierdie studie na behore aangespreek kon word nie. / Structured mentoring was identified as a method to develop the professional and personal skills of the employees of the National Library of South Africa in order to adjust to local and global changes. A conceptual framework for the study of mentoring, as developed by Hunt and Michael, was therefore critically adapted in order to investigate fully the phenomenon of "mentoring" by means of an exploratory literature review. The findings of the literature review are supported by an empirical survey to test the suitability of the National Library of South Africa as contextual environment for the application of mentoring, as well as the willingness of its employees to participate in mentoring. This culminated in an analysis and interpretation of the findings and formulation of conclusions regarding the two abovementioned requirements for the successful application of mentoring. The study ends with recommendations for further investigation into aspects of mentoring which could not be covered in this study. / Information Science / M. Inf.

本研究旨在探討國家圖書館數位保存計畫之促成因素與相關問題，藉由比較研究之描述、解釋、併排與比較四步驟，研究美國與澳洲國家圖書館數位保存計畫之內涵，瞭解美國國會圖書館與澳洲國家圖書館在數位保存活動中扮演的角色、任務、法定寄存制度、數位保存計畫背景與促成因素等，歸納數位保存策略與典範，以提出我國發展數位保存計畫之建議與參考。 研究結果歸納促成美國與澳洲國家圖書館數位保存計畫發展的15項共同因素與3項不同因素。共同因素為：1.兩國皆因著作權法促成國家圖書館擔負法定寄存的責任；2.重視數位保存問題；3.重視數位資源法定寄存；4.數位資源採自願寄存協議；5.落實國家數位保存計畫；6.落實網站典藏保存計畫；7.採合作蒐集數位資源的策略；8.研訂所需描述性後設資料標準；9.採用多種Metadata架構；10.研訂保存性後設資料標準；11.數位保存技術策略；12.採用唯一的數位保存官方標準OAIS參考模式；13.採用HTTrack網站擷取工具；14.重視數位資源的永久取用；15.合宜的數位資源取用策略。不同因素為：1.國家數位保存計畫發展方式不同；2.網路資源典藏計畫不同；3.數位資源選擇決策不同。 本論文結論歸納發展國家數位保存應考量下列議題：1.國家圖書館數位保存的重要性；2.法定寄存制度與數位資源寄存問題；3.數位保存計畫推動；4.數位資源館藏政策與選擇指南；5.網路資源編目標準；6.Metadata標準；7.描述性後設資料；8.保存性後設資料；9.數位典藏庫；10.數位保存策略；11.數位保存取用與服務；12.數位保存成功因素與策略。 最後建議：1.加強原生數位資料研究；2.國家圖書館推動我國數位保存計畫；3. 建置我國網站典藏先導計畫；4.訂定數位館藏發展政策；5.訂定數位保存政策。 / The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors that helped to materialize the national library digital preservation projects. Through description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison, this study research the concepts of the digital preservation projects from Library of Congress and National Library of Australia, which include the role, the mission, the legal deposit policy, the background, and the relevant factors of the digital preservation standards and strategy. Finally come up with the suggestion of the digital preservation projects of our own. The results of this study include 15 common factors and 3 different factors. The common factors are: 1.The national libraries are responsible for the legal deposit policy due to the copyright act；2.Emphasize on the digital preservation；3. Emphasize on the legal deposit policy；4.There is no common agreement on digital resources deposit policy；5.Carry out national digital preservation projects；6.Execute the web capture projects；7.Adopt the strategy of collecting digital resources together； 8.Construct the descriptive metadata standards；9.Adopt several metadata schemas； 10.Construct preservation metadata standards；11.Digital preservation strategy；12. Adopt official digital preservation standard OAIS；13.Adopt HTTrack web capture tool；14.Emphasize on the permanent access of the digital resources；15.Appropriate digital resources access strategy. The different factors are: 1.The development of the national digital preservation projects；2.The collection of the web-based resources projects；3.The selection decision of the digital resources. The conclusions of the study are: 1.The importance on digital preservation of a national library；2.The issues of legal deposit policy and the deposition of the digital resources；3.Successfully promote the development of a digital preservation project；4.Digital resources collection policy and selection guidelines；5.Web resources cataloging standards；6.Metadata standards；7.Descriptive metadata；8.Preservation metadata；9.Digital repository；10.Digital preservation strategy；11.Access and services of digital preservation；12.Succesful factors of promoting digital preservation projects. The study makes final suggestions as follows: 1.Emphasis on the research of born digital materials. 2. Promote national central library to develop our national digital preservation projects. 3. Construct the web-archiving pilot project. 4. Establish the digital collection development policy. 5. Establish the digital preservation policy.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-10-05T17:54:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Rafaela Giordano - Doutorado - 2016.pdf: 12845440 bytes, checksum: 310d041706923fd4428d221162a2cbac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T17:54:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Rafaela Giordano - Doutorado - 2016.pdf: 12845440 bytes, checksum: 310d041706923fd4428d221162a2cbac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-20 / Hemerotecas digitais foram criadas pelas Bibliotecas Nacionais nos últimos 15 anos a partir da digitalização de jornais e revistas antigos. A iniciativa propicia a preservação dos acervos e o acesso facilitado à coleção, via “Web”, a qualquer hora e de qualquer lugar. A informação, objeto de estudo da Ciência da Informação e matéria-prima do Jornalismo, fica mais acessível à medida que mais e mais publicações periódicas são digitalizadas por diferentes Bibliotecas Nacionais. Neste estudo, buscou-se analisar as características de hemerotecas digitais criadas por Bibliotecas Nacionais, apresentando assim o estado da arte do desenvolvimento dessas coleções. A partir das questões de pós-graduandos da área de História da Saúde foram realizadas buscas na Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira da Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil, que permitiram avaliar a hemeroteca como fonte de informação científica. A oferta on-line de coleções de jornais e revistas pelas Bibliotecas Nacionais facilitou e solidificou o uso de notícias como matéria-prima em investigações científicas, seja como elemento-base da pesquisa, como um complemento ou para gerar insights. A partir do exame de treze hemerotecas digitais, observou-se ainda que cada uma adota critérios próprios de seleção do material a ser digitalizado e de difusão dessa informação, mas a representação tem como base tradicionais fundamentos da Organização do Conhecimento. A grande inovação tem sido a adoção do uso de reconhecimento óptico de caracteres (OCR), que permite aos usuários buscar e recuperar informações nos conteúdos das publicações. / Digital newspaper libraries have been created by National Libraries for the past 15 years from the digitization of old newspapers and magazines. The initiative promotes the preservation of collections and the access through the “Web” anytime from anywhere. Information, the object of study of Information Science and the main element of Journalism, becomes more accessible as more and more journals are scanned by different National Libraries. This study aimed to analyze the features of digital newspaper libraries created by National Libraries, presenting the state of the art of these collections. From the research themes of graduate students of Health History searches were carried out in the Brazilian Digital Newspaper Library of Brazilian National Library, which made possible to evaluate the newspaper library as a source of scientific information. The offer of online newspapers and magazines by National Libraries facilitated the use of news as an important element in scientific research, or as the base of a research, or still as an insight. From the examination of thirteen digital national newspaper libraries, it was observed that each one adopts its own criteria for selection of material to be scanned and to disseminate, but the information representation has traditional foundations in Knowledge Organization. The major innovation detected was the adoption of optical character recognition (OCR), which allows users to search and retrieve information in the publications content.

Im Dezember 2010 zieht das Deutsche Musikarchiv (DMA) von Berlin an den Standort der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Leipzig. Mit dem DMA wird sich in Leipzig die zentrale nationale Sammlung von Musikalien und Tonträgern und das musikbibliografische Informationszentrum Deutschlands ansiedeln.

This work describes the long term preservation of digital documents, particularly websites. The aim of this work is to give an explanation of the long term preservation, to define the differences between various approaches and to describe long term preservation of web content possibilities such as migration or emulation. It also explains risks and challenges of these strategies. It discusses new problems which the long term preservation aim leads to. It also describes possible solutions as well as it describes the situation in selected significant foreign institutions. The main aim of this work is detailed analysis of long term preservation strategy in theNational Library of the Czech Republic, which is the only institution engaged in the preservation of Czech web. The process of data preparation, metadata creation and data storing in the long term repository of the Czech National Library is thoroughly described, including examples and their explanation. Future actions of long term preservation in the Czech Web Archive are articulated in the conclusion. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The thesis focuses on a chosen public policy issue, as a part of cultural policy, namely on an implementation of a project of new building of National library of Czech Republic in Prague, arisen from an international architecture competition. This thesis has a form of a case study paper and investigates all relevant events and circumstances of the case, as well as interested stakeholders. They were characterised to disclose their possible role in implementation deficit, which occurred in the case. The aim of this thesis is to provide complex insight into the case, to find the point of implementation deficit in the process and to identify the values and hidden motivations of stakeholders. The thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, there is a summary of theoretical knowledge about public policy and implementation process and its analysis. The author describes three possible approaches to implementation analysis. Second chapter focuses on culture and its specifics, in the forming of culture policy. The third chapter is a complete analysis of the case, including event analysis and stakeholder analysis. In the conclusion, the author sums up the identified causes of implementation deficit and gives recommendations for possible future implementation of a similar cultural project.