abstract: Protectors who do harm are often punished more severely because their crime is perceived as a betrayal of trust. Two experiments test whether this will generalize to protectors who incur harm while serving in their protective role, and if not, whether collective guilt for the harm they suffered provides an explanation. Study 1 tested competing hypotheses that a veteran (versus civilian) with PTSD would be punished either more harshly because of the trust betrayal, or more leniently because of increased guilt about the harm the veteran suffered during war. Men and women were both more lenient toward a veteran (versus civilian) but this effect was mediated by collective guilt only among men. In Study 2, guilt inductions increased leniency among participants less likely to classify the veteran as an in-group member (women, low national identifiers), but not in those who are more likely to classify the veteran as an in-group member (men, high national identifiers), who were lenient without any guilt inductions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2015

Worldviews can shape the way in which we perceive the world. They can also shape the way in which we identify with our ingroup. Conceptualizing national identification as national attachment and glorification, four studies (total N = 1795) tested the association between endorsement of a harmonious or a dangerous worldview and national identification. Study 1 established the harmonious worldview and refined the dangerous worldview scale. Study 2 examined these relationships correlationally, and highlighted the prejudicial ideologies of right wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) as mediators to this association. Study 3 examined this relationship longitudinally, across the span of two months. Study 4 successfully manipulated dangerous but not harmonious worldviews, partially establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between worldviews and national identification. A dangerous worldview predicted increased attachment and glorification via increased RWA and SDO. Contrary to our expectation, a harmonious worldview predicted decreased attachment and glorification via increased RWA and SDO. These effects remained significant two months later, and when controlling for other key worldviews such as belief in a competitive world. Crucially, for liberals, but not moderates or conservatives, a harmonious worldview predicted increased attachment as well as decreased glorification.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar a representação das identidades da comunidade indo-portuguesa nos romances Skin (2001), de Margaret Mascarenhas, e A casa-comboio (2010), de Raquel Uchoa, por meio de uma análise comparativa que focaliza os vínculos estabelecidos entre as personagens e o universo colonial indo-português, bem como de que maneira os narradores enunciam sua ideologia por intermédio dessas conexões. Buscaremos averiguar de que forma esses romances contribuem para fundamentar identidades coloniais distintas, tendo por referência a colonização portuguesa na Índia. / This dissertation aims to discuss the representation of identity of Indo-Portuguese communities depicted in the novels Skin (2001), written by Margaret Mascarenhas, and A casa-comboio (2010), written by Raquel Ochoa. The comparative analysis of these novels will focus on the connections established between the characters and the Indo-Portuguese colonial universe as well as on how the narrators enunciate their ideology. We also intend to investigate how these novels contribute to found distinct colonial identities, taking as reference the Portuguese colonization in India.

State identification has been a more and more important issue in Taiwan since 1990.¡@This study applies focus group interview for the analysis of state identification.¡@Interviewers will progressive interpret the state identification of themselves through interaction in a small group by focus group interview. Accordingly, the facts on affecting Taiwanese in state identification can be exposed, and outwards of state identification of Taiwanese can be further explored. ¡@¡@According to the findings of the study, party identification can drive state identification for Taiwanese, especially for those who have strong emotion in party identification. And their position of state identification is usually consistent with that of their identified party. Meanwhile, as for a Taiwanese who has weak emotion in party identification, age, provincial, background, and growing experience are the main factors that affect state identification. Moreover, concerning the symbol of the state, Taiwanese have different preferences and selections in parties and the name of the state. However, once the symbol of the state appears in an international occasion, national identification can drive a Taiwanese to generate a certain degree of emotion that connects with the symbol of the state. ¡@¡@Finally, this study further discovers that Taiwanese confuse the concept of national identification with that of state identification. The concept of national identification has always been used to discuss issues about Taiwan, and therefore Taiwanese are unaware of using national identification to discuss state identification.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar a representação das identidades da comunidade indo-portuguesa nos romances Skin (2001), de Margaret Mascarenhas, e A casa-comboio (2010), de Raquel Uchoa, por meio de uma análise comparativa que focaliza os vínculos estabelecidos entre as personagens e o universo colonial indo-português, bem como de que maneira os narradores enunciam sua ideologia por intermédio dessas conexões. Buscaremos averiguar de que forma esses romances contribuem para fundamentar identidades coloniais distintas, tendo por referência a colonização portuguesa na Índia. / This dissertation aims to discuss the representation of identity of Indo-Portuguese communities depicted in the novels Skin (2001), written by Margaret Mascarenhas, and A casa-comboio (2010), written by Raquel Ochoa. The comparative analysis of these novels will focus on the connections established between the characters and the Indo-Portuguese colonial universe as well as on how the narrators enunciate their ideology. We also intend to investigate how these novels contribute to found distinct colonial identities, taking as reference the Portuguese colonization in India.

This research aims to understand the extent to which integration among Indian highskilled labor migrants in the Swedish society has occurred. The study takes it stance from the following research field: Social integration, interpersonal communication and national identification. These three research fields are assembled into a model used to analyze the empirical data. As a method, nine semi-structured interviews are used with ten Indian national interviewees in total. The Interviews are conducted in the southern part of Sweden in three different cities, Malmö, Lund and Helsingborg. Core findings show proof of employment as a central part in integration. Other findings show lack of Swedish language as an issue for better social integration; low levels of interpersonal communication between the interviewees and other social groups in Sweden which leads to low levels of Swedish national identification. In the discussion, the study stresses the importance of: communication between social groups in order to have better integration; time as an important factor for integration and the need of mutual accommodation between social groups in a pluralistic society like Sweden, to improve levels of integration.

Notre sujet de recherche est l'étude du phénomène citationnel dans les titres d'articles de la presse russe contemporaine. Les citations présentes dans les titres renvoient à différentes références culturelles textuelles : des citations d'oeuvres littéraires, d'écrits politiques, de textes de chansons, de titres ou de répliques de films, etc. La présente étude est réalisée sur 25 journaux et magazines des années 2002-2004 touchant un lectorat très large, du fait de leur tirage allant de 50000 à 3 millions d'exemplaires. Nous démontrons dans notre étude que ces citations appartiennent au phénomène appelé dans la langue russe "krylatye slova" (paroles ailées) qui désigne le phénomène des citations courantes. Ce phénomène, qui existe dans d'autres langues, n'a jamais été jusqu'à présent l'objet d'étude en tant que phénomène linguistique et culturel en France. L'utilisation de ces citations courantes, connues d'un large public à une époque donnée, dans un pays donné, est un marqueur d'identification nationale pour les locuteurs, qui n'ont pu avoir accès à la majorité de ces références que par l'exposition à une éducation commune et à une vie dans un champ culturel commun. Notre étude de l'utilisation de ces citations dans les titres d'article de la presse russe contemporaine donne donc un aperçu sur les références qui constituent le fonds culturel commun des Russes d'aujourd'hui. Notre étude propose également un instrument accessible à tous permettant de découvrir et recenser ces références, actualisées à une époque donnée. / The subject of our research work is the study of the quotations phenomena that appear in the articles titles of the contemporary russian press. These quotations refer to source texts belonging to different categories of the culture : literary works, political works, songs, movies,... Our research work is based on the analysis of articles published in 25 russian newspapers and magazines, mainly on the period 2002-2004. These newspapers and magazines address a wide public, with prints up to 3 millions. We demonstrate in our work that the quotations that may be found in the article titles are "krylatye slova" (winged words, that is to say usual quotations). This phenomena exist as such in russian and german linguistics but has not been studied until now as a specific phenomena in french linguistics. The usage of winged words, quotations widely known by the general public at a given period of time in a specific country, is a sign of national identification for the speakers, as these quotations refer to cultural knowledge they could acquire only through a common education and exposure to life in the same country. Our work gives an overview of the common cultural references of the contemporary russian people, and proposes a tool, accessible to everybody, to discover these references, actualized at a specific period of time.