Dieser Beitrag untersucht die These über die Existenz von Digital Natives. Die Vertreter dieser These postulieren, dass Studenten und Schüler durch den frühen Kontakt mit Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien hinsichtlich ihres Lern-, Arbeits- und Kommunikationsverhaltens wesentlich verändert wurden. Um diese Aussage zu bewerten, werden Erfahrungen mit Virtual Collaborative Learning Veranstaltungen herangezogen. Die aktuellste durchgeführte Veranstaltung wird als Fallstudie vorgestellt und analysiert.

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die These über die Existenz von Digital Natives. Die Vertreter dieser These postulieren, dass Studenten und Schüler durch den frühen Kontakt mit Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien hinsichtlich ihres Lern-, Arbeits- und Kommunikationsverhaltens wesentlich verändert wurden. Um diese Aussage zu bewerten, werden Erfahrungen mit Virtual Collaborative Learning Veranstaltungen herangezogen. Die aktuellste durchgeführte Veranstaltung wird als Fallstudie vorgestellt und analysiert.

This thesis examines young people's thoughts about their presence on social media. With a social constructive approach the study focused on how young people think and act on social media in relation to constructions of gender and normality. The analysis is based on four group interviews with 13-year old boys and girls. The theoretical approach is based partly on social constructionism where discourses and ideas of normality are identified and analyzed. Erving Goffman's theory of social interaction was central to illustrate how young people presents themselves based on the prevailing discourses. It is clear that they adjust their representations of themselves depending on the context. Theories of new media and young people as digital natives were relevant for the study to understand how and why young people act as they do in their use of social media. The study also highlights the ignorance of adults perceptions about young peoples presence on social media. This is related to Stanley Cohen's theory of moral panic. In conclusion, one can say that the interviewees are well established in the digital media landscape and social media is a natural part of their everyday lives. They see risks but also opportunities where they can share across social networks and be a part of an interactive platform in constant change. The young people relate to norms and gender constructions that are historically and culturally imprinted. On social media they perceive themselves according to ruling discourses that makes them fit in, in the situation. / Denna uppsats undersöker ungdomars tankar om deras varande på sociala medier. Med utgångspunkt från en socialkonstruktionistiskt teoriansats inriktades uppsatsen till att undersöka hur ungdomarna förhåller sig till genuskonstruktioner och olika normsystem. Genom fyra gruppintervjuer med både tjejer och killar i sjunde klass insamlades materialet som ligger till grund för den genomförda analysen. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna bygger dels på socialkonstruktionism där diskurser och normer identifierats och undersökts. Erving Goffmans teori om social interaktion var central för att belysa hur ungdomarna presenterar sig själva utifrån rådande diskurser. För förståelse för hur och varför ungdomarna agerar som de gör vid deras användande av sociala medier var teorier om nya medier och de unga som den digitala generationen relevanta. Uppsatsen belyser också vuxnas okunskap om ungas varande på sociala medier vilket relateras till Stanley Cohens teori om moralpanik. Avslutningsvis går att konstatera att ungdomarna är väl etablerade i det digitala medielandskapet och sociala medier är en stor och naturlig del av deras vardag. De ser risker men också möjligheter med att kunna dela med sig över sociala medier och vara en del av en interaktiv plattform i ständig förändring. Ungdomarna förhåller sig till normer och genuskonstruktioner som bygger på socialt konstruerade föreställningar som upplevs vara starkt historiskt och kulturellt präglade. Den manliga blicken identifieras som en social konstruktion vilken alla de intervjuade agerar utifrån.

De longs délais temporels peuvent exister entre les perturbations survenant à un site et les réponses des espèces de la communauté occupant ce site. Ces changements écosystémiques transitoires lents en comparaison d’une vie humaine peuvent être difficiles à détecter ou à comprendre sans la prise en compte du contexte temporel par l’utilisation de données historiques. C’est souvent le cas pour les processus d’invasion de plantes ou d’animaux non-indigènes dans les communautés forestières. Bien que les perturbations anthropiques soient reconnues pour faciliter les invasions dans ce type de communauté, des temps de latence importants peuvent tout de même survenir à chaque étape du processus. On peut donc penser que les patrons d’invasion d’un site représenteraient davantage les legs écologiques des perturbations plus anciennes que ceux des perturbations plus récentes. Ce mémoire vise à évaluer si l’on gagne à tenir compte de l’âge des perturbations pour expliquer les invasions biologiques établies dans les sites environnants. Pour vérifier cela, nous avons inventorié l’abondance et la composition des communautés de plantes et de vers de terre non-indigènes dans 85 parcelles dispersées dans l’ensemble de la Réserve Naturelle Gault. Suite à une reconstitution fouillée de l’historique des perturbations anthropiques, nous avons comparé le pouvoir explicatif des perturbations initiées avant 1910 avec celui des perturbations survenues après 1910. Nous avons aussi pris en compte les variables environnementales reconnues comme importantes. Les résultats suggèrent que dans les forêts de la Réserve Naturelle Gault, la présence et l’intensité des invasions de plantes et de vers de terre non-indigènes sont en premier lieu expliquées par la proximité aux perturbations anthropiques initiées il y a plus d’un siècle. Les conclusions de ce mémoire soulignent l’importance de l’utilisation d’une approche historique pour comprendre pleinement la durée des impacts écologiques des perturbations anthropiques quant à la facilitation des processus d’invasion biologique.

Background: Integration of immigrants is an interactive process of learning a new culture, an obtaining of rights, access to a position and status and building of personal relations between migrants and the receiving society.  Their ability to reciprocally adjust to intercultural encounters is one of the most important factors of successful integration. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate Swedish young adults perception and attitudes towards immigrants and immigrants’ integration into the Swedish society. Furthermore the aim is to study their perception of social interaction of immigrants and the Swedish host society. How Swedish young adults perceive their country’s immigration policy. Method:  A qualitative research, using an online open-ended questionnaire and in-depth telephone interviews were applied to collect the data about Swedish young adults perceptions and attitudes. The transcribed data were subjected to thematic analysis. Result:  The results of the qualitative research helped to understand Swedish young adults perceptions and attitudes. The findings showed that two of the biggest reasons that Swedish young adults support immigration are: humanitarism and labor force. Swedish young adults are very aware of immigrants’ integration in Sweden. They socialize with immigrants and have contact with them in daily basis. Swedish young adults, have a negative opinion regarding Sweden’s immigration policy Conclusion: Swedish young adults define immigrants as a people born in one country but move to another (particularly in Sweden) with an intention to reside there permanently. Regarding their acculturation expectations, they support integration as the best acculturation strategy. They think that immigrants in Sweden are “half way” integrated, geographically segregated, discriminated, prejudiced in different degrees and immigrant woman are the most excluded category.

L'objectif de la thèse était de développer un système de phytoépuration par marais artificiels permettant le traitement simultané de micropolluants organiques (MPO) et d'éléments traces métalliques et métalloïdes (ETMM) en milieu méditerranéen, en vue de traiter les rejets émis par un bassin versant industrialisé, et favoriser la résilience d'une zone humide protégée. Une étude en microcosmes a été conduite sur cinq hélophytes (Alisma lanceolatum, Carex cuprina, Epilobium hirsutum, Iris pseudacorus, et Juncus inflexus) natives du marais des Paluns (Marignane, 13). La croissance et le développement des plantes ont été suivis pendant 113 jours d'exposition à des mélanges de MPO et/ou d'ETMM, à des concentrations maximales dix fois plus élevées que les seuils de rejets réglementaires. Les concentrations en ETMM dans les parties souterraines et aériennes des plantes ainsi que les communautés bactériennes de la rhizosphère ont été analysées à la fin de l'étude. Les résultats ont confirmé l'efficacité épuratoire du système et ont permis de mieux comprendre les interactions entre plantes, substrat, polluants et microorganismes. Les résultats encouragent l'utilisation de C. cuprina pour la phytoaccumulation et la phytostimulation, et d'E. hirsutum pour la bioindication. Afin de faciliter l'intégration du marais artificiel au sein du territoire industrialisé, un outil de bioindication a été développé, en complément d'une approche sociologique. La thèse a abouti à la mise en place de trois éco-filtres expérimentaux, en amont du marais des Paluns, permettant de tester en conditions réelles les outils développés et de constituer un site pilote pour le bassin méditerranéen. / The thesis aimed at developing a constructed wetland for simultaneous phytoremediation of organic micropollutants (OPM) and trace metals and metalloids (MM) in Mediterranean environment, for treating chronical and accidental releases from an industrialized catchment, and enhancing the resilience of a protected wetland. A greenhouse study was conducted in microcosms with pozzolan substrate, with five native helophytes (Alisma lanceolatum, Carex cuprina, Epilobium hirsutum, Iris pseudacorus, and Juncus inflexus) from the "Les Paluns" wetland (Marignane, 13). Plant growth and development parameters were monitored during 113 days of exposure to mixtures of OPM and/or MM, with the maximum concentrations ten times over the limits of European quality standards. MM concentrations in belowground and aboveground plant parts and rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed at the end of the study. Results confirmed the system depurative efficiency and provided an insight into the interactions between plants, substrate, pollutants and microorganisms, and an assessment of their effects on phytoremediation processes. Results encourage the use of C. cuprina for MM phytoaccumulation and for phytostimulation, and of E. hirsutum as a bioindicator in constructed wetlands. Finally, a bioindication tool was created to assist the constructed wetland integration in the industrialized territory, as a complement of a sociological approach. The thesis led to the implementation of three experimental eco-filters upstream from the Les Paluns wetland, in order to test in naturae the tools developed and to have a pilote site for the Mediterranean basin.

Des études récentes ont relevés que les CSMn pouvaient être in vivo des cellules périvasculaires avec des caractéristiques des péricytes. Pour évaluer cette hypothèse, nous avons cultiver des CSMn issues de MO dans des conditions spécifiques pour l'expansion des péricytes puis nous avons testé leur potentiel de souchitude. De plus, nous les avons comparées avec des CSMs cultivées dans des conditions standards en maintenant les même donneurs. Des échantillons de MO ont été cultivés dans un milieu pro-Pericytaires (milieu EGM2) ou dans un milieu standard. Après culture, les cellules ont été caractérisées. Les cellules de caractère péricytaire avaient exprimé une upregulation des marqueurs de souchitude d’OCT4, NANOG et SOX2 pour un potentiel neuronal. Ces cellules ont démontré un grand potentiel in vivo. / Native mesenchymal stem cells were found tore perivascular cells with pericyte features. This suggests that pericyte phenotype is crucial for the stenness of MSC. We cultured MSC from bone marrow upon in vitro conditions (EGM2 versus standard mediums). They all express MSC, markers and character. Cells cultivated into ECM2 were found to be more immature than cells obtained from standard conditions (expressed OCT4, NANOG and SOX2), with high neuronal and engraftment potential

Oggetto dell'opera è lo studio dei contesti cultuali indigeni della Sicilia, tra l'VIII e il IV sec. a.C., al fine di ricostruire le modalità in cui si configura la sfera del sacro nel suo complesso, dall'organizzazione dello spazio sacro alle pratiche di culto. Contemporaneamente, si sono analizzati gli effetti del contatto con il mondo greco, fuggendo dalla tradizionale visione ellenocentrica, ed evidenziando, piuttosto, le forme di acquisizione e rielaborazione delle sollecitazioni esterne messe in atto dalle popolazioni locali. Un attento esame dell'evidenza archeologica, mediante una schedatura sistematica dei luoghi di culto, ha permesso di individuare sessantatre contesti, diversi per caratteristiche intrinseche e loro grado di conoscenza. L'esame complessivo della documentazione è stato sviluppato attraverso tre successive fasi cronologiche : a) VIII - prima metà del VI sec. a.C., b) seconda metà del VI - prima metà del V sec. a.C., c) seconda metà del V - prima metà del IV sec. a.C., distinguendo tre unità topografiche, corrispondenti alla Sicilia Orientale, a quella centro-meridionale e alla Sicilia Occidentale. Infine si sono tracciate alcune considerazioni conclusive sull'argomento attraverso quattro livelli, a nostro parere essenziali per la comprensione dei fenomeni cultuali: la collocazione topografica dei luoghi di culto - sia in rapporto alla realtà geomorfologica ambientale che a quella umana insediativa -, l'organizzazione dello spazio sacro e le caratteristiche planimetriche e architettoniche delle strutture cultuali, le attività rituali - dalle libagioni e dai pasti sacri alle deposizioni votive -, le divinità venerate. / The subject of this work is the study of the sacred indigenous contexts of Sicily, between 8th and 4th century BC, to reconstruct the religious sphere on the whole, from the sacred space to the cult practices. At the same time the effects of the contact with the Greek world were analysed, evading traditional ellenocentric vision, and showing, on the contrary, the forms of acquisition and elaboration of the outside spurs, that were carried out by the local populations. A careful examination of the archaeological evidence, through a systematic catalogue of the sacred places, has allowed locating sixty-three contexts, different for distinctive features and degree of knowledge. The total inspection of documentation was developed through three following periods : a) 8th first half of 6th century BC, b) second half of 6th first half of 5th century BC, c) second half of 5th first half of 4th century BC, dividing three topographic units, corresponding with eastern Sicily, with centre-southern and with western Sicily. In the end some conclusive considerations about the subject were traced, through four levels, according to us of capital importance to understand religious phenomena: the location of the sacred places - whether as regard the geographic environment or as regard the human landscape -, the organization of the sacred space and the planimetric and architectural peculiarities of the structures, the ritual practices from the libations and the sacred meals to the votive depositions -, the divinities worshipped.

I focused on the general view of the manor in my thesis. Chroustovice wasn't an important manor. Due to this fact, it has never been written the work of a similar character. This thesis is personal to me because I have spent my life in Chroustovice. In the thesis I described historical, artistic, economical, social and ecclesial development of the manor. I described the changing of the owners of the manor. I tried to map trade with the surrounding villages and their belonging with the manor. I focused on the building of Chroustovice manorhouse, which was the centre of the manor, and it still dominates the village. I tried to collected the fate of the most prominent local natives. I tried to synthesize sources and literature. I enriched my thesis with rumors and stories that are still circulating in the region until today.

The “always on” culture of constant connectivity afforded by the ubiquity of smartphones and social media has profoundly influenced society, reorienting our sense of self and connection to others. This thesis particularly investigates the impact of these technologies on present-day college students, who are among the first to incorporate these tools into their ongoing identity development processes from adolescence into emerging adulthood. Specifically, it explores how the absence of everyday devices during a “digital detox” alters their experiences of self, socialization, and ways of being in the world. Phenomenological analysis through participant observation and interview methods reveals how the digital detox provides an opportunity for these emerging adults, who have grown up predominately using these technologies of virtual extension—values espoused in a culture of constant connection— to recognize the value of embodied experiences. The digital detox experience can encourage the cultivation of more digitally mindful media and technology use.