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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

O impacto e as estratégias de coping de indivíduos em comunidades afetadas por desastres naturais / The impact and the coping strategies in individuals on the communities affected by natural disasters

Krum, Fernanda Menna Barreto January 2007 (has links)
O impacto sofrido por indivíduos e por comunidades atingidas por desastres naturais gera inúmeras respostas emocionais, bem como esforços para lidar com o evento. Esses esforços são as estratégias de coping utilizadas no enfrentamento de uma situação estressora. Para investigar essas estratégias pela perspectiva do coletivo, foram selecionados representantes de famílias, residentes de um município atingido por um tornado. Foi aplicada a técnica do grupo focal através de um encontro com 5 participantes afetados por esse evento. As perguntas norteadoras foram: Como foi para vocês ter passado pela situação do desastre? O que vocês fizeram para enfrentá-lo? O levantamento dos dados foi feito através da análise de conteúdo e os resultados apontaram categorias de coping que incluíram busca por suporte social, resolução de problemas, evitação, apoio na religião e busca por significado. Categorias acerca das reações ao desastre também foram identificadas como físicas, emocionais e do contexto social propriamente dito. / The impact on the community and its individuals affected by natural disasters are responsible for a variety of emotional responses, creating an urgent need for efforts to deal with such event. These efforts are the coping strategies used for the adaptation to a stressful situation. To investigate these strategies on the collective perspective, householders within families living in the regions affected by the natural disasters were selected. The focus group technique was used in one meeting, including 5 participants who had been victims of such event. The guiding questions were: How was to have been through the disaster situation? What did you do to cope with it? The final data were analyzed through the content analysis and the results appointed coping categories which included seeking for social support, problem solving, avoidance, religion support and searching for meaning. Moreover, categories concerning the reactions towards the disaster were also identified as physical, emotional and the social context itself.
162

Dinâmica de des-re-territorialização na comunidade do mutirão em Campina Grande/PB: reflexões a partir dos desastres "naturais"

FREIRE, Zenis Bezerra 22 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-06T13:10:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Zenis Bezerra Freire pdf pra CD-ROM.pdf: 5713560 bytes, checksum: 533e9bec19fb2ef84dbbbf499992360c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T13:10:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Zenis Bezerra Freire pdf pra CD-ROM.pdf: 5713560 bytes, checksum: 533e9bec19fb2ef84dbbbf499992360c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / CAPEs / Os problemas decorrentes dos desastres “naturais” têm se intensificado no Brasil e no mundo. É diante desse contexto que a abordagem sobre a alteração nas dinâmicas territoriais dos sujeitos afetados por eventos dessa natureza é discutida neste trabalho. Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo é analisar a dinâmica de des-territorialização e re-territorialização na comunidade do Mutirão em Campina Grande, cidade do interior do Estado da Paraíba, a partir da ocorrência de um desastre “natural” proveniente de extremo de chuva que resultou em rompimento de reservatórios de água. Esta pesquisa também busca refletir acerca do processo de ocupação da área onde está localizado o Mutirão com base na ideia de territorialização; Discutir a possibilidade de pensar os desastres como agentes propositores do processo de des-territorialização; Analisar como se configuram os “territórios de espera” em meio ao processo de des-re-territorialização; Discutir os impactos pós-evento no Mutirão bem como a dinâmica de re-territorialização nessa comunidade. Dentre as questões formuladas, destacam-se as seguintes: como é possível pensar a aplicabilidade das discussões de des-re-territorialização em casos de desastres naturais? Como se deu o processo de ocupação da área estudada? Quais elementos podem ser considerados para pensar a des-territorialização a partir dos desastres “naturais”? Como se configuram as relações territoriais existentes nos abrigos onde permaneceram as pessoas do Mutirão que perderam suas casas durante o desastre “natural”? Como se deu o processo de re-territorialização desses sujeitos na comunidade ou em outras áreas da cidade? A partir das questões acima referenciadas e dos objetivos elencados, direcionamos a pesquisa a partir de uma análise da revisão de literatura e pesquisa bibliográfica, além de trabalho de campo, por intermédio do qual relatamos a experiência da pesquisa com diários de campo.Contamos ainda com coleta documental em órgãos públicos, entrevistas concedidas por moradores do Mutirão e fotografias de locais atingidos pelo desastre. Por fim, observou-se que as dinâmicas de des-re-territorialização presentes no Mutirão foram intensas não só no período da enchente/inundação, mas desde seu processo de constituição. Nesses entremeios, os moradores afetados por desastre perpassam por “territórios de espera” enquanto buscam continuadamente a re-construção de seus territórios. / The problems resulting from “natural” disasters have intensified in Brazil and worldwide. In this context, this study discuss the approach on the changes on territorial dynamics of the subjects affected by such events. In this sense, our aim is to analyze the dynamics of des-territorialization and re-territorialization in the “Mutirão” community, in Campina Grande, a city in the state of Paraiba, from the occurrence of a “natural” disaster occasioned by extreme rain that resulted in rupture of water supply reservoirs. This research also seeks to reflect on the occupation process of the area where is located the “Mutirão”community based on the idea of territorialization; Discuss the possibility of thinking about disasters like proponents agents of the des-territorialization process; Analyze how is configured the “waiting areas” amid the process of de-re-territorialization; Discuss the post-event impacts on “Mutirão” as well as the dynamics of re-territorialization in this community. Among the formulated questions the following was highlighted: how is it possible to think the applicability of the discussions of de-re-territorialization in cases of natural disasters? How did the process of occupation of the study area? Which elements can be considered to think the de-territorialization from the ocurrence of natural disasters? How is configured the existing territorial relations in the shelters where the people of “Mutirão” who lost their homes during the occurred natural disaster remained? How did the process of re-territorialization of these individuals in the community and in other areas of town? From these questions and listed objectives, we direct the research from a analysis of review literature and bibliographic research, and also field work, through which we report the experience of research with field diaries. We also have documentary collection in public agencies, interviews by residents of “Mutirão” and photographs of places affected by the disaster. Finally, it was observed that the dynamics of de-re-territorialization presented in “Mutirão” were intense not only in the period of the flood, but since the beginning of its establishment. During this process, the resident saffected by disaster went through “waitingareas” while continually seeking the re-buildof their territories.
163

Fenômenos de precipitação pluvial intensa: análise da espacialidade e variabilidade na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piracicaba - SP / Intense rainfall phenomena : analysis of spatiality and variability in the Piracicaba-SP river basin

Adriano de Souza Antunes 11 September 2015 (has links)
A presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise da dinâmica espacial e temporal dos eventos intensos de precipitação na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piracicaba, no período de 1981 a 2010, com dados de 51 postos pluviométricos mantidos na região pelo Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica (DAEE) e pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA) e a Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ). A partir do limiar de 94 mm em 24 horas, obtido por meio da adaptação do método box plot, foi possível estabelecer áreas de maior ocorrência de eventos e buscar possíveis relações com outros elementos climáticos e geomorfológicos. Verificou-se que o setor centro-leste da bacia hidrográfica recebeu a maior quantidade de chuvas intensas no período estudado. Através do mapa de ocorrência desses fenômenos pode-se perceber a influência do relevo nessa dinâmica já que se trata do início do planalto Atlântico com altitudes de aproximadamente 1800 metros. Suscetíveis a grande quantidade de sistemas frontais e ZCAS, podemos atribuir a variabilidade desses eventos, em sua maioria, a esses sistemas já que predominaram no verão e primavera, justamente o maior período de ocorrência desses fenômenos. Posteriormente buscou-se verificar possíveis associações entre as características pluviométricas do local e a metodologia dos anos padrão. Após a análise desses elementos, pode-se perceber que existe uma boa relação entre os períodos considerados chuvosos e habituais e os eventos de chuva intensa, já que nesses anos obtivemos grande quantidade de precipitações intensas. Por fim, foi realizado o estudo de caso de dois eventos de precipitação que tiveram grande magnitude horária. As consequências em superfície, ficaram evidentes como por exemplo, inundações e alagamentos, representadas por meio de recortes de notícias de jornal de dias posteriores ao evento. / This research presents an analysis of the dynamics of intense precipitation events in the basin of Piracicaba river in the period from 1981 to 2010 with data from 50 rain gauges in the region maintained by the Department of Water and Power (DAEE), the National Water Agency (ANA) and Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ) . Through the method of integrated analysis, it was the spatiality and variability of events in the study area, looking for possible explanations for the occurrence of these phenomena. From the threshold of 94 mm in 24 hours, obtained by adapting the box plot method, it was possible to establish areas of higher incidence of events and seek possible relationships with other climatic and geomorphological elements. It was found that the central-eastern sector of the basin received the highest amount of heavy rains during the study period. Through the occurrence of these phenomena map one can see the influence of relief in this dynamic since it is the beginning of the Atlantic plateau with altitudes of about 1800 meters. Susceptible to large amount of frontal systems and ZCAS, we can attribute the variability of these events, for the most part, these systems since prevailed in the summer and spring, just the greatest period of occurrence of these systems. Later he sought to investigate possible associations with rainfall characteristics of the site with the methodology of standard years. After analyzing these elements, one can see that there is a good relationship between rainy periods considered and intense rainfall events, since in those years got lots of heavy rainfall. Finally, the study was conducted in the case of two intense precipitation events that had great hourly magnitude. The consequences surface, were evident such as floods and flooding, represented through newspaper news clippings of days after the event.
164

Habitação emergencial e temporária, estudo de determinantes para o projeto de abrigos / Emergency and temporary housing, study of guidelines for designing shelters

Feres, Giovana Savietto, 1985- 25 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Leandro Silva Medrano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T22:50:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Feres_GiovanaSavietto_M.pdf: 5975964 bytes, checksum: 8d015d8abc61ee734a45d465fe684ffa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O planeta tem enfrentado atualmente fenômenos naturais diversos e de consequências catastróficas os quais afetaram cerca de 250 milhões de pessoas por ano segundo o Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster (CRED) da Universidade de Louvain, Bélgica. Conforme balanço desse mesmo centro em fevereiro de 2010, o Brasil foi o 6º país no mundo em 2009 a enfrentar o maior número de desastres naturais. Apesar disso, o mapeamento das áreas de risco e a elaboração de planos preventivos e mitigadores aos desastres, tais como o planejamento prévio de ações e provisão adequada de moradias emergenciais e temporárias, não são frequentes em todo o país. Nesse sentido, os acampamentos emergenciais resultantes bem como as unidades de abrigo utilizadas ainda mostram-se precários frente às reais necessidades dos desabrigados, os quais podem permanecer até alguns anos em alojamentos inadequados e sub-humanos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as contribuições teóricas e metodológicas existentes no campo das habitações emergenciais e temporárias e identificar determinantes fundamentais que possam orientar inicialmente o desenvolvimento de novos e adequados projetos no Brasil e no mundo. De forma geral, o objetivo é o aporte teórico no campo da arquitetura e urbanismo para a habitação durante o pós-desastre. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na análise de publicações especializadas para obtenção de um conjunto de orientações a partir do qual se avaliará alguns exemplos contemporâneos de abrigos e sua adequabilidade perante os variados contextos / Abstract: The planet is currently facing many natural phenomena and their catastrophic consequences which have affected about 250 million people per year according to the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disaster (CRED) at the University of Louvain, Belgium. According to an evaluation of the same center in February 2010, Brazil was the 6th country in the world to face the greater number of natural disasters in 2009. Nevertheless, the mapping of risk areas and the development of preventive and mitigating plans on disasters, such as planning of actions in advance and adequate provision of emergency and temporary housing, are not frequent throughout the country. Likewise, the resulting emergency camps and the shelter used still seem precarious regarding the real needs of the refugees, who can stay up to a few years in inadequate and sub-human shelters. The objective of this paper is to analyze the existing theoretical and methodological contributions to the field of emergency and temporary housing, and to identify key determinants that may initially guide the development of new and appropriate design in Brazil and worldwide. In a general manner, the goal is the theoretical contribution in the field of architecture and urban planning for post-disaster housing. The methodology is based on the analysis of specialized publications to obtain a set of guidelines from which will be evaluated few contemporary examples of shelters and their suitability on varied contexts / Mestrado / Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade / Mestra em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
165

Variabilidade da precipitação pluviométrica da região Sudeste do Brasil no período chuvoso e suas consequências ambientais / Rainfall variability of southeast region of Brazil in rainy season and environmental consequences

Malvestio, Leônidas Mantovani, 1985- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Jonas Teixeira Nery / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:48:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Malvestio_LeonidasMantovani_M.pdf: 15784697 bytes, checksum: 2397ce503ed0a4e7d0ec6d91f3a7692f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: As precipitações pluviais incidentes sobre o sudeste brasileiro são marcadas pela influência de dois tipos de sistemas atmosféricos: os tropicais e os frontais, especialmente durante os meses de primavera e de verão no Hemisfério Sul. Estes sistemas, quando associados, contribuem para a configuração da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS). Definida como uma persistente faixa de nebulosidade orientada no sentido noroeste-sudeste do continente sul americano, a ZCAS demonstra ser um dos principais fenômenos atmosféricos responsáveis pelo transporte de energia e vapor de água do oeste amazônico para o sudeste do Brasil. Por permanecer semiestacionária durante vários dias, intensifica o processo de convecção e acentua a precipitação pluviométrica sobre determinadas áreas do território nacional, principalmente aquelas localizadas sobre a banda de nebulosidade. Os grandes volumes precipitados combinados à existência de elevados percentuais de urbanização e de população que vive em assentamentos precários e loteamentos irregulares distribuídos pelas encostas, planícies aluviais e setores periféricos de grandes e médias cidades torna o sudeste do país suscetível à manifestação de desastres naturais de origem hidrometeorológica, como inundações e deslizamentos de terra, os quais geram diversos prejuízos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a variabilidade da precipitação pluvial no sudeste do Brasil durante o período chuvoso e relacioná-la com a ocorrência de desastres naturais. Assim, foram utilizados dados de 177 postos pluviométricos, com séries de 35 anos (1976-2010). Com o emprego do software R foi realizada a homogeneização dos dados pluviométricos. Informações de radiação de onda longa emergente (ROLE) e imagens de satélite, disponíveis para alguns episódios de ZCAS, permitiram identificar e localizar a atividade convectiva sobre a América do Sul e a região Sudeste. A partir dos dados pluviométricos e de ROLE elaboraram-se mapas de isolinhas através do software ArcGIS 10. Reportagens dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e O Estado de São Paulo, correspondentes ao período de atuação das ZCAS, contribuíram para diferenciar a magnitude dos desastres e a localização das áreas afetadas. O regime pluviométrico dessa região brasileira apresenta grande complexidade devido a fatores como localização latitudinal, variação topográfica e proximidade com o oceano Atlântico. Através da comparação entre mapas, dados e reportagens pode-se evidenciar que o período de verão é o mais propicio para a ocorrência de deslizamentos de terra e inundações nesta área de estudo, principalmente nas regiões metropolitanas de Belo Horizonte, de São Paulo, do Rio de Janeiro e municípios densamente povoados / Abstract: The rainfall incidents on Southeast of Brazil are marked by the influence of two kinds of atmospheric systems: Tropical and the frontal, especially during the months of spring and summer in the Southern Hemisphere. These systems, when combined, contribute to shaping the Convergence Zone of the South Atlantic (SACZ). Defined as a persistent band of cloudiness oriented northwest-southeast towards the South American continent, the SACZ proves to be major atmospheric phenomena responsible for the transport of energy and water vapor from the westerly the Amazonian to southeast of Brazil. To remain semi-stationary for several days, intensifies the process of convection and enhances rainfall in some areas of the national territory, especially those located on the bands cloudiness. The large volumes precipitates combined with the existence of high rates of urbanization and population living in slums and irregular settlements spread down the slopes, floodplains and peripheral sectors of large and medium cities makes the southeast of the country prone to natural disasters manifestation of origin hydro-meteorological such as floods and landslides, which generate many losses. The aim of this study was to analyze the variability of rainfall in southeastern Brazil in the rainy period and relate it to the occurrence of natural disasters. Thus, were used data from 177 rain gauges, with series of 35 years (1976-2010). With the use of software R was performed the homogenization of rainfall data. Longwave radiation (OLR) data and satellite images, available for some episodes SACZ enabled to identify and locate the convective activity over South America and southeast region. From the data of rainfall and OLR were prepared contour maps through ArcGIS 10 software. Newspaper reports from Folha de Sao Paulo and O Estado de Sao Paulo, corresponding to the period of activity of SACZ have contributed to differentiate the magnitude of the disasters and location of affected areas. The rainfall in this region of Brazil exhibit great complexity due to factors such as latitudinal location, topographic variation and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. Through the comparison of maps, data and newspaper reports one can demonstrate that the summer period is the most conducive to the occurrence of landslides and floods in the study area, mostly in metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and the densely populated towns / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia
166

ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DOS DESASTRES NATURAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ERECHIM - RS, NO PERÍODO DE 1986 A 2011 / SPACE-TIME ANALYSIS OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ERECHIM - RS, FROM 1986 TO 2011

Peretti, Vanessa Aline 29 November 2013 (has links)
This research concerns in a survey of natural disasters that happened in the municipality of Erechim / RS between the years 1986 to 2011.The main objectives are: to identify and quantify the disasters happened in the city over the past 25 years; to identify the seasonal year in which they occurred and the type of event that caused the largest number of disasters; to identify and map the neighborhoods that were most affected; to investigate events according to the triggering source: meteorological, hydrological and climatologically. As well as to update the existing data on the subject matter. The literature survey was the first stage of this work. After the collection of data on episodes of natural disasters in the municipality of Erechim during the timescale of this research was conducted. It was done using the following sources: the files of the county Civil Defense, which comprise the decrees of Emergency and Public Calamity, the collection of records of the Fire Department of the municipality and the local newspaper circulation. Softwares were used for mapping and field work as well. They were essential to assess the situation locus of affected sites. At the end of this research it can be concluded that in the period from 1996 to 2011 sixty-five events causing disaster happened in Erechim-RS. The majority of them are of meteorological origin as gales and hail gales or climatological as droughts. Most of these events occurred in the spring and summer. / A presente pesquisa baseia-se no levantamento dos desastres naturais que aconteceram no município de Erechim/RS entre os anos de 1986 a 2011, tendo como objetivos principais: identificar e quantificar os desastres ocorridos no município nos últimos 25 anos; identificar a época sazonal do ano em que ocorreram e tipo de evento que causou o maior número de desastres; identificar e cartografar os bairros que foram mais afetados; analisar os eventos de acordo com a sua origem desencadeadora: meteorológicos, climatológicos ou hidrológicos. Bem como, atualizar os dados já existentes sobre o assunto abordado. O levantamento bibliográfico consistiu na primeira etapa deste trabalho. Após, foi realizado o levantamento dos dados sobre os episódios de desastres naturais ocorridos no município de Erechim durante a escala temporal da presente pesquisa, utilizando as seguintes fontes de consulta: os arquivos da Defesa Civil do município, que compreendem os decretos de Situação de Emergência e de Calamidade Pública, o acervo de registros do Corpo de Bombeiros do município e os jornais de circulação local. Utilizaram-se softwares para elaboração de mapas, bem como trabalho de campo, que foi indispensável para se avaliar em lócus a situação dos locais mais afetados. Ao final dessa pesquisa pode-se concluir que no período de 1996 a 2011 ocorreram 65 eventos causadores de desastres em Erechim - RS sendo que a maioria deles são de origem meteorológica como vendavais e vendavais com granizo e climatológicos como estiagens. Grande parte destes eventos ocorreram na primavera e no verão.
167

Živelné pohromy na Rychnovsku očima lidových kronikářů 1700-1800 / Natural disasters in the region of Rychnov in sight of folk chroniclers 1700-1800

Věchet, Jan January 2017 (has links)
v anglickém jazyce The study of sources related to the folk provenance is often in terms of the Czech historiography a neglected issue. Especially the research of folk chronicles has reached the utmost boom in the middle of the nineteenth century and then also in the interwar years. Nowadays, the study does not attract much attention. Therefore, the aim of this work is to capture and systematize the existing knowledge on this subject. Moreover, it is necessary to emphasize and show some other possibilities of dealing with these particular sources because they are valuable work for contemporary historiographical studies such as microhistorical and cultural anthropological research. Although one might think that these annals have rather a small informative value for the traditional political historical events, they offer an interesting insight into everyday life of ordinary people living in the countryside those days. This fact can definitely help one understand traditions as it also represents tendencies and trends in attitudes and behaviour of the rural society those days. The main purpose of the thesis is to consider what motivated folk authors to note down their stories and experience in chronicles. The alarming fact is that the post-war historiography has caused a lot of confusion over the true...
168

Živelní katastrofy a možnosti krytí jejich důsledků prostřednictvím komerčního pojištění se zaměřením na pojištění majetku občanů / Natural disasters and coverage of their damages by commercial insurance with a focus on property insurance of individuals

Šteidlová, Alena January 2009 (has links)
The thesis deals with coverage of natural disaster damages by commercial insurance. A description of natural disasters and their possible occurrence mainly in our territory in association with climate changes as the factor causing increase in their number serve as an introduction. Starting from the impact on the world and the Czech insurance sector, where the thesis deals especially with floods in 1997 and 2002, it is getting on to the analysis of the offers presented by three largest Czech insurance companies. The analysis studies the floods in 1997 and 2002 in perspective with different high-risk flood areas specified in our country. The conclusion of the thesis proposes the ways describing how to deal with risks differently, without using the insurance. The proposal advises an insurer to use such methods as reinsurance or alternative risk transfer instruments.
169

Živelní události a jejich řešení prostřednictvím komerčního pojištění / Natural disasters and their solutions through commercial insurance

Makešová, Veronika January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals by natural disasters and solutions through commercial insurance. The introduction explains the concept of natural disaster and subsequently there are closer specified individual natural hazards. Then, the work focuses on the development of catastrophic events in the world in recent years, the consequences of their formation, their effects and the impact on these events on the world and Czech insurance. Due to the high frequency of floods in the Czech Republic in recent years, the work also addresses the issue of floods, their insurability and changes on the Czech insurance market reacting to the increased occurrence of floods. The thesis focuses on commercial property insurance products of individuals given to individual areas of different risk in terms of flooding. The analysis shows that insurers evaluate the individual risk zones in different ways and the most risk area of insurance excluded. At the end, there are evaluate the scope of insurance risk transfer to other entities, its importance and possibilities of alternative risk transfer.
170

Natural Disasters and Comparative State-Formation and Nation-Building: Earthquakes in Argentina and Chile (1822-1939)

Dauer, Quinn 28 September 2012 (has links)
Natural disasters in Argentina and Chile played a significant role in the state-formation and nation-building process (1822-1939). This dissertation explores state and society responses to earthquakes by studying public and private relief efforts reconstruction plans, crime and disorder, religious interpretations of catastrophes, national and transnational cultures of disaster, science and technology, and popular politics. Although Argentina and Chile share a political border and geological boundary, the two countries provide contrasting examples of state formation. Most disaster relief and reconstruction efforts emanated from the centralized Chilean state in Santiago. In Argentina, provincial officials made the majority of decisions in a catastrophe’s aftermath. Patriotic citizens raised money and collected clothing for survivors that helped to weave divergent regions together into a nation. The shared experience of earthquakes in all regions of Chile created a national disaster culture. Similarly, common disaster experiences, reciprocal relief efforts, and aid commissions linked Chileans with Western Argentine societies and generated a transnational disaster culture. Political leaders viewed reconstruction as opportunities to implement their visions for the nation on the urban landscape. These rebuilding projects threatened existing social hierarchies and often failed to come to fruition. Rebuilding brought new technologies from Europe to the Southern Cone. New building materials and systems, however, had to be adapted to the South American economic and natural environment. In a catastrophe’s aftermath, newspapers projected images of disorder and the authorities feared lawlessness and social unrest. Judicial and criminal records, however, show that crime often decreased after a disaster. Finally, nineteenth-century earthquakes heightened antagonism and conflict between the Catholic Church and the state. Conservative clergy asserted that disasters were divine punishments for the state’s anti-clerical measures and later railed against scientific explanations of earthquakes.

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