This study aimed to investigate parent-child verbal interactions in Spanish in a group of Latino preschoolers growing up in the United States through a parent-mediated program at home, and the effects of the program on their receptive vocabulary in Spanish. A single subject multiple baseline across participants design was used in the study. The participants were 3 Latino mothers and their sons, with low family income, living in the United States. The intervention taught the mothers strategies to enhance their children’s language through a sharing-book activity. The study lasted for 6 weeks during which baseline and intervention conditions data were collected through videotapes of the Dyads’ mealtimes. The results of the study showed that their verbal interactions were functional, brief, and typically not extended to children’s activities. The number of verbal interactions increased for 2 of the 3 Dyads from baseline to intervention condition and decreased for 1 of them. The children’s receptive vocabulary and school readiness skills increased after the intervention as showed by pre and post intervention assessments. The social validity survey suggested that Latina mothers found the project beneficial since, it not only increased their children’s interest in books, but also their own motivation to share books with them. Research and practical implications were discussed.

(in English): Diploma thesis Genius loci as an aesthetic problem is addressed by defining the concept of genius loci and exploring its aesthetic implications and parallels. After clarification of the ontological nature of this phenomenon its commonalities will be monitored with selected concepts of environmental philosophy and aesthetics, especially the aesthetic dimension of the environmental experience. Publications of Christian Norberg-Schulz and David E. Cooper are used as a starting material.

Introdução: Assentamentos rurais são recorrentes arranjos sociais em expansão na Região Amazônica, que geram perturbações no ambiente natural e na respectiva ecologia de mosquitos vetores envolvidos na transmissão de malária. Objetivos: Elaborar revisão das espécies do gênero Anopheles que foram registradas na Região Amazônica. Para a pesquisa quantitativa, estabelecer potenciais fatores dos ambientes e das características das águas de diversos habitats larvais que possam estar associadas com a presença de espécies de anofelíneos, através de coletas em criadouros de diferentes graus de perturbação ambiental. Métodos: para a revisão das espécies que foram registradas na Amazônia, foram empregados termos de busca, utilizando sete bases bibliográficas de referência. Para os estudos em campo, foram realizadas capturas de larvas juntamente com estimação e mensuração de algumas condições dos habitats larvais, para comparação dos parâmetros analisados entre ambientes naturais e artificiais. Resultados: a revisão mostrou maior quantidade de artigos que notificaram a ocorrência do subgênero Nyssorhynchus, seguido pelos subgêneros: Anopheles, Stethomyia, Kerteszia e Lophopodomyia. O Anopheles darlingi se mostrou a espécie com maior ocorrência nos artigos levantados, muito pelo seu caráter epidemiológico. Importantes vetores auxiliares pertencentes ao subgênero 6 Nyssorhynchus também foram registrados em grande quantidade. Os resultados das análises conduzidas com os dados das capturas em campo demonstraram que as forças de transformação do ambiente natural favorecem o desenvolvimento de habitats larvais de espécies do subgênero Nyssorhynchus, incluindo o An. darlingi, além de um importante vetor secundário, o An. triannulatus. Discussão e Conclusão: projetos de assentamentos na Amazônia brasileira registram índices significativos de casos de malária, devido à ocupação de áreas naturais pelo homem. Este estudo mostrou que o subgênero Nyssorhynchus possui amplo registro na literatura de inquéritos entomológicos do gênero na floresta tropical equatorial, indicando que o agrupamento pode ser considerado endêmico às fronteiras de transformação na região, tendo assim importante papel na manutenção da transmissão da malária. Os estudos de campo apresentaram evidências de que formação de habitats artificiais favorecem formas iniciais de vida dos mosquitos com histórico vetorial para a região. Esses habitats larvais podem ser respostas ao uso do solo e das consequentes alterações provocadas no ambiente natural pelas atividades humanas. As modificações do ambiente natural selecionam e propiciam a formação de habitats para as espécies do Nyssorhynchus. Este agrupamento taxonômico engloba espécies que são consideradas vetores para a malária na região Neotropical. / Introduction: Rural settlements are recurrent social arrangements expanding in the Amazon region, which generate disturbances in the natural environment, affecting the mosquitoes ecology involved in malaria transmission. Objective: A systematic review of Anopheles species were recorded in the Amazon region. For the qualitative research, were establish potential factors of the environment and the characteristics of the waters of several larval habitats that may be associated with the presence of species of Anopheles mosquitoes, by surveys of the samples presents in larval habitats within environmental disturbance gradient. Methods: for the review of the species, were used search terms, in seven bibliographic databases of reference. For studies in the field, larvae were trapped along estimation and measurement of some conditions of the larval habitats, to compare the parameters analyzed between natural and artificial environments. Results: The review showed greater amount of articles that reported the occurrence of Nyssorhynchus subgenre, followed by: Anopheles, Stethomyia, Kerteszia and Lophopodomyia. The Anopheles darlingi proved the species with the highest occurrence in the papers showed, due to its epidemiological importance. Important auxiliary vectors belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus were also recorded in large scale. The results of the qualitative shown that the natural 8 environment transformation forces favor the development of larval habitats of the species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, including An. darlingi and an important secondary vector, An. Triannulatus. Discussion and Conclusion: settlement projects in the Brazilian Amazon recorded significant rates of malaria cases. This study showed that, the Amazon basin an important determinant of this phenomenon is the formation of artificial habitats that are occupied by early forms of life of mosquito vectors. These larval habitats may be answers to land use and consequent changes in the natural environment caused by human activities. Modifications to the natural environment select and provide the formation of habitats for species in Nyssorhynchus. This taxonomic group includes species that are considered vectors for malaria in the Neotropics. Discussion and Conclusion: settlement projects in the brazilian Amazon recorded significant rates of malaria cases. This study showed that the review of the literature shows Nyssorhynchus subgenre ample record in entomological surveys in the equatorial rainforest, indicating that the group may be considered endemic to the borders of transformation in the region, and thus important role in the maintenance of malaria transmission. Field studies showed evidence that formation of artificial habitats favor early forms of the mosquito vector, with history for malaria in the region. These larval habitats may be answers to land use and consequent changes in the natural environment caused by human activities. Modifications to the natural environment select and provide the formation of habitats for species in Nyssorhynchus.

Estudos em genética de paisagem, das espécies zootécnicas, podem impulsionar o entendimento dos processos adaptativos, bem como, a maneira que o ambiente afeta o sucesso destas populações. O objetivo principal do projeto foi identificar assinaturas de seleção no genoma populações de suínos naturalizados brasileiros. Procurando obter a maior representatividade da variabilidade genética e ambiental dos suínos dentro do território brasileiros, amostras de DNA de pelo menos um animal e de pelo menos um grupo genético foram obtidas dentro do Banco de Germopalsma da EMBRAPA, totalizando 191 animais de 18 grupos genéticos suínos brasileiras que foram genotipadas, e classificadas de acordo com sua origem dentro de raça ou grupo genético, estado bioma, bacia hidrográfica, tipo de solo, ecoregião e tipo de vegetação. Após um controle de qualidade os genótipos resultantes foram utilizados no calculo das estatísticas F de Wright, equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Análise de componentes principais, coeficiente de endogamia, analise da variância molecular, testes de Mantel, e a determinação do número ideal de populações. Os dados ambientais foram convertidos em layers através do Qgis e utilizados na detecção de assinaturas de seleção através do BayeScan v2.1 (Foll & Gaggiotti 2008) e do Samβada (Stucki et al. 2014) Os resultados obtidos mostram que as populações estudadas têm uma estrutura variada entre e dentre si. A maior parte da variabilidade genética esta presente nos indivíduos dentro de grupos genéticos, e indivíduos dentro de estados. Existe diferenciação genética dos suínos dentro das variáveis ambientais classificatórias. As raças Monteiro e Marajó foram as que mostraram maiores níveis de estruturação. Os componentes principais mostram proximidade entre as raças comerciais, assim como o elevado grau de variação na composição genéticas das demais raças, com marcante separação dos animais Monteiro e Marajó. Níveis elevados de endogamia foram encontrados. Foram encontrados pelo menos 8 assinaturas de seleção no genoma das raças suínas localmente adaptadas. A freqüência dos genótipos destes marcadores divide o território brasileiro em duas regiões latitudinais distintas. Os níveis de estruturação das populações demonstram uma grande variabilidade genética entre e dentre as raças. As marcas de seleção encontradas demonstram a influência do meio ambiente no sucesso adaptativo destes animais ao território brasileiro. / Study of landscape genetics in livestock species can help understand the adaptive processes and the way that the environment affects the success of these populations. The main objective was the identification of genetic signatures of selection in the Brazilian autochthone swine breeds. We aim the higher representation of genetic and environmental variability from Brazilian territory sampling at least one animal from one genetic group per sampling point. The samples were obtained on CENARGEN-EMBRAPA Germplasm Bank in a total of 191 DNA samples from 19 Brazilian locally adapted swine genetic groups, classified into state, region, biome, hydrological basins, soil type, ecoregion and vegetation type. These samples were genotyped and after a quality control, we calculated Wright’ F-statistics, individual inbreeding coefficient, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Principal components, IBD, Mantel test, an ideal number of subpopulations and an analysis of molecular variance. Environmental data was converted in layers through Qgis and used to detect signatures of selection by BayeScan v2.1 (Foll & Gaggiotti 2008) and Samβada ((Stucki et al. 2014) Population studied had genetic structure among different subpopulations, in a same category. The biggest part of genetic variability is the individual within breed and in individual within state. We found different intensity of population structure in the categories studied, been the he Monteiro and Marajó breeds that ones with highest values from population genetic structure. Principal component analyses showed proximity between commercial breeds, as well as the high degree of genetic variation among other breeds, with great detachment of Monteiro and Marajó animals from others. High inbreeding levels were found. Signatures of selection were found on the genome of Brazilian locally adapted swine pig. The genotypic frequency of these signatures of selection divides the Brazilian territory into two distinct latitudinal regions. The population structure levels demonstrate a wide genetic variability inside and among races. The signatures of natural selection found demonstrate the influence of the environment to successful adaptation of swine in Brazil.

El proyecto de tesis presentado consiste en el diseño de un colegio público situado en el distrito limeño de San Juan de Miraflores, en el cual se busca estudiar el espacio pedagógico e identificar de qué manera las cualidades arquitectónicas y composiciones espaciales influencian en el aprendizaje del alumno. Asimismo, se busca analizar cómo el enfatizar el ámbito deportivo de un colegio puede beneficiar distintos aspectos del mismo y de qué modo se puede integrar el proyecto a la comunidad. En este sentido, se toma como referencia otros proyectos en los que, el emplear, por ejemplo, los métodos Montessori o Reggio Emilia, implica una configuración espacial particular y una relación con el entorno natural diseñada para el alumno. Para ello, se busca desplegar un ámbito lúdico-experimental en ambientes educativos constituidos en espacios “experimentales”, cuya versatilidad espacial, proximidad a la naturaleza y, por tanto, interacción con el exterior, faciliten que el alumno experimente y aprenda más independiente y creativamente. Por otro lado, para imponer espacios deportivos que beneficien directamente al colegio, el ámbito deportivo pretende manifestarse en una arquitectura representativa e infraestructura de dicha índole, las cuales, además de posibilitar la realización de distintos deportes y actividades, establezcan espacios donde se generen actividades pedagógicas. Por último, para lograr integrar el proyecto a la comunidad, se busca extender, selectivamente, el uso de espacios comunes o deportivos hacia los usuarios ajenos al proyecto sin perjudicar su funcionamiento. / The presented thesis project consists in the design of a public school located in the district of San Juan de Miraflores, in Lima, which seeks to study the pedagogical space and identify how architectural qualities and spatial compositions can influence in the learning of the student. Furthermore, the aim is to analyze in which way emphasizing sports environment of a school can benefit different aspects of it and how the project can be integrated into the community. In this sense, other projects are taken as reference in which, the engaging of, for example, the Montessori or Reggio Emilia methods, implie a particular spatial configuration and interconnection with the natural environment designed for the student. In order to achieve this, the intend is to deploy ludic-experimental aspects in educational environments composed in "experimental" spaces, in which the spatial versatility, the proximity to nature and, therefore, the interaction with the outside, encourages the student to experiment and learn more independently and creatively. On the other hand, as a means to impose sports facilities that directly benefit the school, the sport component aims to manifest itself as a representative architecture and infrastructure of this kind, which, in addition to enable the realization of different sports and activities, it establishes spaces where pedagogical activities are developed. Finally, in order to integrate the project into the community, it is sought to broaden, selectively, the use of common and/or sport areas towards potential users outside the project without altering its operation. / Tesis

Nova Scotia is one of the least active provinces in Canada and is experiencing rising levels of obesity and related diseases. Women in Canada have low rates of participation in physical activity, despite the many benefits. The purpose of this research was to develop an understanding of how the built, natural and social environments act as enablers and barriers to the use of active transportation for midlife women. A qualitative, grounded theory approach was used in conjunction with a feminist perspective to explore the research topic. Findings suggest that the characteristics of the route and region, the presence or lack of support, and the perceived value and benefits of active transportation affect the type of transportation mode that is selected for commuting. Findings also reveal the ways that women respond to and overcome barriers. Implications for health promotion and future research are discussed.

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No description available.

I have organized this paper into four chapters: "The Environmental Situation," "Space and Place," "Art and the Natural Environment," and "Creating Work of My Own." Chapter 1 explains human beings' intrinsic interconnection to the natural environment, outlining why humans should be concerned about the current degraded state of the natural world. Chapter 2 discusses the concepts of space and place. It analyzes how human beings interact with and experience spaces, developing their sense of place - within physical, theoretical, and spiritual realms. It finally illustrates the importance that spaces and places have in humans' lives. Chapter 3 describes the Land Art phenomenon: its development, the different forms within it, and artists producing Land Artworks. The forms and artists included are those that have been inspirational for the development of my own work. It also emphasizes Land Art as a fundamental form for improving humans' relationship with the natural environment and the new realm of eco-feminism that resonates with Land Art ideals. Chapter 4 recounts the development of my art throughout my college career. It describes my work as site-specific, sculptural installations that use natural materials. It also states why this format is the most effective for my senior art thesis project. Focusing mainly on "Ecological Reawakening: organic DNA," it explains the mentality in designing, creating, installing, and completing the work. Overall, Chapter 4 emphasizes the work's two main goals: to demonstrate a new avenue for comprehending humankind's place within earth's environmental spaces, and to advocate for an environmental paradigm shift during the twenty-first century. Finally, Chapter 5 describes the transformation of "Ecological Reawakening: organic DNA" as it developed over time during the spring honors senior thesis course. It details my mentalities in adding living plant matter to the structure, incorporating a stool into the piece, and creating "Evolution," the digital photography composition that documents "Ecological Reawakening" and was included in the Scripps Senior Art Exhibition in the Ruth Chandler Williamson Gallery from May 1 – May 17, 2009.

Estudos em genética de paisagem, das espécies zootécnicas, podem impulsionar o entendimento dos processos adaptativos, bem como, a maneira que o ambiente afeta o sucesso destas populações. O objetivo principal do projeto foi identificar assinaturas de seleção no genoma populações de suínos naturalizados brasileiros. Procurando obter a maior representatividade da variabilidade genética e ambiental dos suínos dentro do território brasileiros, amostras de DNA de pelo menos um animal e de pelo menos um grupo genético foram obtidas dentro do Banco de Germopalsma da EMBRAPA, totalizando 191 animais de 18 grupos genéticos suínos brasileiras que foram genotipadas, e classificadas de acordo com sua origem dentro de raça ou grupo genético, estado bioma, bacia hidrográfica, tipo de solo, ecoregião e tipo de vegetação. Após um controle de qualidade os genótipos resultantes foram utilizados no calculo das estatísticas F de Wright, equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. Análise de componentes principais, coeficiente de endogamia, analise da variância molecular, testes de Mantel, e a determinação do número ideal de populações. Os dados ambientais foram convertidos em layers através do Qgis e utilizados na detecção de assinaturas de seleção através do BayeScan v2.1 (Foll & Gaggiotti 2008) e do Samβada (Stucki et al. 2014) Os resultados obtidos mostram que as populações estudadas têm uma estrutura variada entre e dentre si. A maior parte da variabilidade genética esta presente nos indivíduos dentro de grupos genéticos, e indivíduos dentro de estados. Existe diferenciação genética dos suínos dentro das variáveis ambientais classificatórias. As raças Monteiro e Marajó foram as que mostraram maiores níveis de estruturação. Os componentes principais mostram proximidade entre as raças comerciais, assim como o elevado grau de variação na composição genéticas das demais raças, com marcante separação dos animais Monteiro e Marajó. Níveis elevados de endogamia foram encontrados. Foram encontrados pelo menos 8 assinaturas de seleção no genoma das raças suínas localmente adaptadas. A freqüência dos genótipos destes marcadores divide o território brasileiro em duas regiões latitudinais distintas. Os níveis de estruturação das populações demonstram uma grande variabilidade genética entre e dentre as raças. As marcas de seleção encontradas demonstram a influência do meio ambiente no sucesso adaptativo destes animais ao território brasileiro. / Study of landscape genetics in livestock species can help understand the adaptive processes and the way that the environment affects the success of these populations. The main objective was the identification of genetic signatures of selection in the Brazilian autochthone swine breeds. We aim the higher representation of genetic and environmental variability from Brazilian territory sampling at least one animal from one genetic group per sampling point. The samples were obtained on CENARGEN-EMBRAPA Germplasm Bank in a total of 191 DNA samples from 19 Brazilian locally adapted swine genetic groups, classified into state, region, biome, hydrological basins, soil type, ecoregion and vegetation type. These samples were genotyped and after a quality control, we calculated Wright’ F-statistics, individual inbreeding coefficient, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Principal components, IBD, Mantel test, an ideal number of subpopulations and an analysis of molecular variance. Environmental data was converted in layers through Qgis and used to detect signatures of selection by BayeScan v2.1 (Foll & Gaggiotti 2008) and Samβada ((Stucki et al. 2014) Population studied had genetic structure among different subpopulations, in a same category. The biggest part of genetic variability is the individual within breed and in individual within state. We found different intensity of population structure in the categories studied, been the he Monteiro and Marajó breeds that ones with highest values from population genetic structure. Principal component analyses showed proximity between commercial breeds, as well as the high degree of genetic variation among other breeds, with great detachment of Monteiro and Marajó animals from others. High inbreeding levels were found. Signatures of selection were found on the genome of Brazilian locally adapted swine pig. The genotypic frequency of these signatures of selection divides the Brazilian territory into two distinct latitudinal regions. The population structure levels demonstrate a wide genetic variability inside and among races. The signatures of natural selection found demonstrate the influence of the environment to successful adaptation of swine in Brazil.