ABSTRACT Doubravová L.: Research of the Natural History Knowledge of 9th Grade Elementary School and 4th Grade High School Pupils Diploma Thesis, 2011 This thesis presents the level of natural history latent knowledge of pupils who have completed compulsory education. The creation of a didactic test and giving it to pupils who finish attending the 9th grade of elementary school and 4th grade at high school are parts of this work. The thesis deals with the comparison of these two groups of respondents. Results evaluation is presented in words and also illustrated by tables and graphs. Supervisor: PaedDr. Radka Závodská, Ph.D. Department of Biology PF JU, Czech Republic

O presente estudo propôs uma análise comparativa de narrativas em museus de história natural com o intuito de identificar e quantificar o uso de informações sobre comportamento animal em contexto evolutivo. Uma etapa inicial foi de levantamento de caracteres para a elaboração de uma matriz de dados onde eles foram codificados. As informações textuais foram obtidas por meio de imagens (fotografias e vídeos) dos painéis e demais elementos narrativos ou de arquivos de texto cedidos pelas instituições estudadas. As fotos foram montadas de acordo com o trajeto da exposição e organizadas em arquivo word. Os textos foram transcritos e organizados em arquivo word para serem analisados. O presente estudo contribui com uma nova área de pesquisa fornecendo novo conjunto de caracteres (etológicos, expográficos e temáticos) para estabelecer os padrões de abordagem dos caracteres em suas diferentes formas. A metodologia cladística filogenética foi utilizada para estabelecer relações entre as narrativas das exposições estudadas usando caracteres comportamentais. A metodologia foi escolhida por apresentar resultados relevantes para sistemas não organísmicos. Para que esta se torne aplicável é necessário apenas que o sistema esteja sujeito ao algorítimo darwiniano onde um sistema de informação (genética ou simbólica) que apresente variabilidade hereditária (transmissível), dado tempo suficiente, estará sujeito ao processo de seleção que resulta em adaptação do sistema (narrativas) às novas pressões ambientais (culturais). Os resultados encontrados a partir da análise filogenética mostraram baixa frequência de informação quanto à abordagem do tema comportamento em exposições de museus de história natural. Por outro lado, observamos um aumento na complexidade dos recursos utilizados para a abordagem dos temas comportamentais ao longo da árvore encontrada. Esta complexidade, deve-se tanto ao escopo e tema das exposições quanto aos recursos empregados em suas execuções. Desta forma, não surpreende que as exposições Darwin do AMNH (com sua riqueza de recursos) e Etologia do SDM (com sua riqueza de informação comportamental) apareçam neste estudo como grupo-irmão dentro do clado mais derivado da árvore. / The present study was a comparative analysis of narratives in natural history museums in order to identify and quantify the use of information on animal behavior in evolutionary context. An initial step was to gather character to prepare a data matrix where they were coded. The textual information was obtained through images (photos and videos) of the panels and other narrative elements or text files transferred by the researched institutions. The photos were assembled according to the order suggested in the exhibition and organized in word file. The texts were transcribed and organized into word file to be analyzed. The current study contributes to a new area of research providing new set of characters (ethological, expographic and thematic) to establish standards of approach for the characters in their different forms. Phylogenetic cladistic methodology was used to establish relations between the narratives of exhibition using behavioral characters. The methodology was chosen to present relevant results for non-organismic systems. In order to become applicable, the system only needs to be subject to the Darwinian algorithm where an information system (genetic or symbolic) which shows hereditary variability (transmitted), given enough time, will be subject to the selection process that results in the adaptation of the system (narratives) to new environmental pressures (cultural). The results from the phylogenetic analysis showed low frequency of information in the approach to the subject of behavior in exhibitions in the natural history museums. On the other hand, an increase in the complexity of the resourses used in the approach to behavioral issues was observed along the branches of the tree found. This complexity is due both to the scope and theme of the exhibition about the resources applied in their executions. Thus, not surprisingly, the AMNH Darwin exhibition (with its wealth of resources) and Ethology of SDM (with its wealth of behavioral information) appear in this study as sister group within the more derived branch of the tree.

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Márcia Helena Alvim / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa De Pós-Graduação em Ensino, História, Filosofia das Ciências e Matemática, 2017. / Este trabalho visa compreender a constituição da História Natural do Novo Mundo através da análise da crônica Viagem à Terra do Brasil, escrita por Jean de Léry e publicada em 1578. A presente dissertação pretende fazer uma leitura da observação e catalogação dos saberes do mundo natural do além-mar empreendido por nosso cronista por meio de uma análise qualitativa de fonte documental. Buscamos mapear saberes referentes ao Mundo Natural para: verificar como Léry compreendeu o Mundo Natural e o consolidou como História Natural; averiguar a perspectiva de um letrado do século XVI; e analisar como os discursos construídos a partir das narrativas da França Antártica atuaram nas perspectivas políticas da formação dos Impérios Coloniais quinhentistas, observando a função da escrita nesses processos. Acreditamos que o relato contido nas crônicas de viagens reflete concepções estruturadas no panorama epistemológico europeu que é modificado a partir da ampliação do arcabouço compreendido no escopo da História Natural por meio da cultura escrita, cremos também que essas narrativas atendiam a objetivos previamente estabelecidos por seus autores e pátrias. Desta forma, procuramos estabelecer ligações entre esse representar a natureza e a epistemologia do período, entendendo-os como processos inerentes na compreensão das imagens da natureza do Novo Mundo consolidadas em meio às construções políticas de seus contextos. / This research aims to comprehend the constitution of the New world's Natural History though the analyses of the History of the Voyage to the Land of Brazil, written by Jean De Léry and published in 1578. The present dissertation intends to make a reading of the observation and cataloguing of the Natural World overseas knowledges done by our chronist per qualitative analyses of the documental source. We seek to map the knowledges to: verify how Léry comprehended the Natural World and consolidated it as Natural History; ascertain the perspective of a XVI century literate; and verify how the speeches built from the Antarctic France narratives acted in the political perspectives of the colonial sixth-century empires formation, observing the written functions in these processes. We believe the travel chronicles reflect the conceptions based on the European epistemological panorama, which is modified from the enlargement of the framework, contained in the Natural History scope through the written culture. We also believe that those narratives complied objectives previously established by their authors and homelands. Thus, we seek to establish connections between these representations of nature and the period epistemology understanding them as inherent processes in the comprehension of the American images set among the political constructions and their context.

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2015-11-25T16:53:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) tese Sabrina Damasceno versão aprovada.pdf: 3144271 bytes, checksum: 8d12bd0ab2aa844530f44a204bd72510 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T16:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) tese Sabrina Damasceno versão aprovada.pdf: 3144271 bytes, checksum: 8d12bd0ab2aa844530f44a204bd72510 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Abordagem às singularidades curatoriais nos museus de história natural, a partir da consideração de que o conceito de curadoria possui significados variáveis em diferentes áreas do conhecimento e espaços de preservação da memória. Há, contudo, um ponto de convergência, especificamente nas instituições museológicas, que se encontraria presente em meio a essa diversidade: uma figura decisória (o especialista), possuidora de expertise. Os espaços museológicos de história natural possuem sua origem nos denominados “gabinetes de curiosidades” relacionados à tradição enciclopedista que delineou uma de suas principais singularidades: a busca por uma representação da totalidade por meio de sua materialidade. Uma das especificidades dos museus de história natural repousa no papel essencial de ensejar a compreensão das “formações discursivas” advindas de interpretações da ciência moderna acerca da natureza e dos artefatos oriundos dos diversos grupos sociais humanos através do tempo. A curadoria no interior dos museus de história natural determina a formação, gestão e comunicação pública da ciência por meio das evidências materiais do mundo sensível. Considera-se como aporte teórico desta tese que os processos curatoriais podem ser entendidos à luz das conceituações foucaultianas acerca do “dispositivo”, percebido como uma rede de relações que podem ser estabelecidas entre elementos heterogêneos: discursos, instituições, arquitetura, regimentos, leis, medidas administrativas, enunciados científicos, proposições filosóficas, morais, filantrópicas, o dito e o não dito. Perspectiva que permite a reflexão acerca dos fluxos informacionais presentes no cotidiano desses museus de história natural. / The present study discusses the curatorial singularities in natural history museums. We consider the concept of curatorship has heterogenic meanings in different areas of knowledge and space of memory preservation. There is, although, a point of convergence in this diversity: a decision-making specialist, a researcher owner of expertise. The museolgical spaces of natural history was originated in the denominated “cabinets of curiosities” related to an encyclopedic tradition that delineate one of the main singularities of natural history museums: the search for a totality representation through its materiality. One of the specificities of the museological spaces of natural history lies on the essential paper to provide the comprehension of “discursive formations” that becomes of modern science interpretation about nature and artefacts from different social human groups through time. The curatorship in natural history museums determinates the development, management and science public communication. Our propose is consider the curatorial processes in view of concepts of Michel Foucault, specially the “dispositive”, that is structured for a heterogenic ensemble of discourses, institutions, architecture forms, laws administrative measure, scientific enunciations, moral and philanthropic proposition, what is sad and the unsaid. That perspective allows reflection about informational flow that integrates part of daily of these museums of natural history.

Estudando uma comunidade de serpentes da Serra da Mantiqueira, foram encontradas 11 espécies de serpentes, e constatada a superioridade numérica de indivíduos da família Viperidae. As áreas abertas foram as mais freqüentadas, além de mostrar maior riqueza de espécies. A maioria das espécies encontradas apresenta a viviparidade como modo reprodutivo. A altitude mostrou influenciar a distribuição e abundância das espécies. As três espécies mais abundantes foram B. neuwiedi, B. jararaca e C. durissus, e são apresentadas informações de sua história natural. As fêmeas são maiores e mais robustas do que os machos. Entre filhotes, o dimorfismo sexual não ocorre ou é restrito. Fêmeas são mais ativas na primavera e no verão, e machos no outono. As fêmeas parecem ser mais agressivas. As três espécies alimentam-se preferencialmente de pequenos mamíferos. A espermatogênese e a vitelogênese são sazonais, e machos e fêmeas estocam espermatozóides no trato genital a fim de harmonizarem seus ciclos. O nascimento dos filhotes ocorre no verão. / This study was conducted in the Serra da Mantiqueira, and show biological and ecological aspects within a community of snakes. Eleven species were found. The snakes was mostly found in open areas, and open areas also showed a greater richness of species. A significant percentage of the species reproduced by viviparity. Altitude influenced the abundance and distribution of the species. The three dominant species of snakes was B. neuwiedi, B jararaca and C. durissus. Females are bigger and stronger then the males. Among the young, sexual dimorphism does not happen or it is restricted. Females also showed increased activity during the spring and summer, whiles males had increased activity levels during the autumn months. Females were more aggressive. These three species feed primarily on small mammals. Spermatogenesis and vitellogenesis are seasonal, and males and females show sperm storage in the genital tract so their cycles are harmonized. B. jararaca is bigger and stronger than B. neuwiedi, and female B. jararaca have larger and heavier litters.

Orientadores: João Vasconcellos Neto, Marcelo de Oliveira Gonzaga / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Messas_YuriFanchini_M.pdf: 5292618 bytes, checksum: e9d4cb4630aa094506b01fcaa93c218a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Aranhas vivem em ambientes estreitamente definidos, limitados por condições físicas, como temperatura, umidade, ventos e intensidade luminosa; e também por fatores biológicos, como o tipo de vegetação, disponibilidade de presas, competidores e inimigos naturais. A família Araneidae é a principal família de aranhas construtoras de teias orbiculares. A aranha Eustala perfida ocorre preferencialmente no interior da mata, construindo a teia próxima a uma concavidade em troncos de árvores. Possui coloração críptica semelhante a musgos e liquens, adaptação que confere à espécie dupla vantagem, pois dificilmente são percebidas por suas presas e seus predadores. A falta de estudos sobre este gênero de aranhas e sua história de vida, bem como o papel ecológico que desempenha, motivou a elaboração do presente estudo, que foi realizado na Serra do Japi ¿ Jundiaí (SP) e tem como objetivo elucidar aspectos da história natural de Eustala perfida, tais como distribuição espacial, especificidade por substrato, fenologia, flutuação da população, caracterização da teia, diversidade de presas e seus inimigos naturais. A espécie Eustala perfida ocorre em altitudes que vão desde 850 até 1294 m, sendo mais abundante em altitudes intermediárias. Todos os indivíduos foram encontrados no interior da mata, com maior ocorrência em troncos contendo musgos, líquens e concavidades, que servem como pontos de fixação para a construção das teias. A espécie foi encontrada com maior frequência em árvores com diâmetros maiores do que 30 cm e construindo suas teias em alturas de até 1,5 m. Observou-se que a população de Eustala perfida apresenta picos de frequência sucessivos dos diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, com início nos meses quentes do ano (janeiro), quando os indivíduos começam a emergir. A população parece ter apenas um ciclo reprodutivo ao longo do ano, com picos fenológicos em todas as fases de desenvolvimento. Observou-se maior frequência de presas potenciais com até 1 mm de comprimento, sendo que os grupos mais amostrados foram Diptera e Hymenoptera. Houve diferença nas frequências de tamanho das presas potenciais e predadas por Eustala sendo que presas com mais de 1 mm de comprimento foram mais predadas do que o esperado ao acaso. Eustala perfida apresentou dinâmica e fenologia semelhante à de Misumenops argenteus (Thomisidae). Nestas duas espécies o ciclo de vida e a fenologia parecem ajustados às estações climáticas e à disponibilidade de presas. Foram encontrados sete indivíduos de E. perfida parasitados por larvas de Acrotaphus sp. (Pimplinae: Icheneumonidae). Trata-se do terceiro caso de manipulação comportamental de aranhas em sua construção de teia envolvendo parasitoides deste gênero / Abstract: Spiders live in narrowly defined environments, limited by physical conditions such as temperature, humidity, winds and light intensity; and also by biological factors such as vegetation type, prey availability, competitors and natural enemies. Araneidae is the principal family of orb-weaver spiders. The spider of the present study, Eustala perfida, occurs preferentially within the forest, along tree trunks, building its web in regions where there are concavities on the trunk. It has cryptic coloration similar to mosses and lichens, adaptation that presents a dual advantage, because the spiders are hardly perceived by their prey and also their predators. The lack of studies of this genus and its natural histories, as well as the ecological role that it plays, motivated the development of this project, which was conducted at Serra do Japi ¿ Jundiaí (SP) and aims to elucidate aspects of the natural history of Eustala perfida, such as spatial distribution, substrate specificity, phenology, population fluctuation, characterization of the web, prey diversity and natural enemies. Eustala perfida occurred at altitudes ranging from 850 to 1294 m, being significantly more abundant in intermediate altitudes. All individuals were found within the forest, with the highest occurrence in trunks containing mosses, lichens and concavities, which serve as attachment points for the construction of the web. The species was found more frequently on trees with diameters larger than 30 cm and building their webs in heights up to 1.5 m. The population dynamics of Eustala perfida is well defined, showing successive peaks of different developmental stages starting in the warm months of the year (January), when individuals begin to hatch. The population seems to have only one reproductive cycle throughout the year, with peaks in all phases of phenological development. There was a higher frequency of potential prey up to 1 mm in length, and the most sampled groups were Diptera and Hymenoptera. There were differences in the size frequencies of potential and predated prey of E. perfida, and prey with more than 1 mm in length were predated more than expected. Eustala perfida presented dynamic and phenology similar to Misumenops argenteus (Thomisidae). In these two species, the life cycle and phenology seem to set seasons and prey availability. Seven individuals of E. perfida were found parasited by Acrotaphus sp. (Pimplinae: Icheneumonidae) larvae. This is the third case of behavioral manipulation of spiders on your web construction involving this genus of wasp / Mestrado / Biodiversidade Animal / Mestre em Biologia Animal

This thesis explores the relationship between Creation and the saints Cuthbert and Guthlac in their Anglo-Latin and Old English vitae. It argues that this relationship is best understood through received theological exegesis concerning Creation's present state in the postlapsarian world. The exegesis has its foundation in Augustine's interpretations of the Genesis narrative, though it enters the textual tradition of the vitae via an adapted portion of De Genesi contra Manichaeos in Bede's metrical Vita Sancti Cuthberti (VCM). Both Augustine and Bede argue, with slight differences, that fallen Creation can be restored into prelapsarian harmony with humanity by way of sanctity. Each individual vita engages with this understanding of the Fall in distinct, though ultimately interrelated, ways, and the chapters of this thesis will therefore explore each text individually. Chapter 1 argues that the anonymous Vita Sancti Cuthberti (VCA) unites Cuthbert's ability to restore Creation with the theme of monastic obedience, linking the ordering of a monastery to the restoration of prelapsarian harmony. The VCA also seeks to create sites for potential lay pilgrimage in the landscapes of Farne and Lindisfarne by highlighting the present efficacy of Cuthbert's miracles. Chapter 2 argues that Bede's VCM not only reveals his early attempt to fashion Cuthbert into the primary saint for Britain, via a focus on Cuthbert's obedience to the Divine Office, but also that the restoration of Creation functions as a ruminative tool. Chapter 3 argues that Bede transforms the nature of Cuthbert's sanctity in his prose Vita Sancti Cuthberti (VCP) from static to developmental, influenced by the Evagrian Vita Antonii, and that Creation is adapted to function as the impetus for, and evidence of, Cuthbert's progression. Chapter 4 argues that Felix's Vita Sancti Guthlaci (VSG) unites the development of Guthlac with a physically delineated Creation, and that the restoration of Creation is elevated to an even greater degree here than in Bede's hagiography. Chapter 5 argues that the author of the Old English Prose Guthlac (OEPG) grounds his vita by utilizing a landscape lexis shared with contemporary boundary clauses, so that here the relationship between the saint and Creation has greater force; it further argues that Guthlac A uniquely connects Guthlac with the doctrine of replacement, consolidating links between his arrival to the eremitic space and the restoration of prelapsarian Eden.

This master thesis deals with the issue of inquiry based learning in sciences at primary school level. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the development, realization and pros and cons of inquiry based learning. Additionally there is an overview of inquiry based activities in the commonly used textbooks for first level of primary schools and the list of extended literature intended to inspire the teachers to practise inquiry based learning. The practical part of the thesis is based on information gained from interviews with primary school teachers. The aim was to find out how inquiry based learning is perceived by teachers. Their opinions, advanatages and disadvantages of inquiry based learning and its practical use in education is discussed. Consequently, overlaps and influence of such education methods on the integration of pupils to a society is presented here. The thesis provides a complete overview on the issue of application of inquiry based learning to traditional education methods. This research informs readers about possible problems related to the implementation of inquiry based learning to practice. Based on the described situations, the realization can be easier due to the identification of possible difficulties and their solution. Keywords inquiry based education, primary...

Excursions are an organizational form of teaching that is relatively often neglected in today's schools. Excursions are very important in education of pupils on grammer and secondary schools, because it allows to combine the knowledge of pupils gained during theoretical lessons in school with practical demonstrations of items, processes and relationships among objects in the terrain. Pupils are better acquainted with the required curriculum and more effectively fulfill the predetermined educational target. This diploma thesis introduces an example of such an excursion into the Krčský les area. In the theoretical part of this diploma thesis are summarized basic didactic aspects related to organizational forms of teaching, excursions, teaching methods and Framework Education Programmes. There are also chracteristics of the Krčský les area focused mainly on the natural conditions, specifically on geological, hydrological, botanical and zoological aspects. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the protection of the nature the into Krčský les area. The practical part of the diploma thesis is focused on the preparation of specific excursion into Krčský les area and the creation of worksheets for the excursion. The excursion was realized and subsequently evaluated in the last chapter of...

Masters of Art / This project suggested that HIV people in Region A (Nelson Mandela Metropole, formerly Port Elizabeth) health district of the Eastern Cape, seek HIV testing when they are already in stages three (late disease) and four (AIDS) of HIV infection. Data had been obtained from the AIDS Training Information and Counselling Centre in the Nelson Mandela Metropole in 2000. The consequences of diagnoses only in the advanced stages of HIV infection will have a devastating impact on case management. Therefore, this paper yielded important data for South African policy makers to write health and welfare policies that might improve the quality of life of those terminally infected with HIV. / South Africa