A guide for the training of presenters of the NatureScope series -- Correlations between California's Science Framework..., NatureScope, Project WILD, Project WILD Aquatic, & Project Learning Tree.

Le contingent de personnes issues de la génération du baby‐boom conjugué à une expansionde la morbidité de plus en plus observée dans certaines couches des populations âgées etvieillissantes constitue un défi majeur pour la société. L’objectif de cette thèse étaitd’étudier l’histoire naturelle et les déterminants de la dépendance dans le vieillissement.Dans une première partie nous avons montré que la longévité était un phénomènemultifactoriel avec des similitudes et des spécificités selon le sexe. Dans une deuxièmepartie, l’étude des tendances séculaires a montré un gain d’espérance de vie en 10 ans avecun recul de l’âge d’entrée en dépendance chez les plus de 75 ans attestant d’unecompression de la morbidité pour les hommes et les hauts niveaux d’études, mais d’uneexpansion de la morbidité pour les sujets de bas niveau d’études. Les modèles IRT nous ontpermis de décrire plus finement le processus de dépendance. Nos travaux ont confirmé quela capacité à effectuer les activités quotidiennes était hiérarchiquement affectée et que laporte d’entrée dans le processus était la limitation pour les courses, alors que la dernièreétape était la limitation au transfert. Les trajectoires d’évolution fonctionnelle avant le décèssont plus favorables aux hommes et aux hauts niveaux d’études. Par ailleurs, les séquenceshiérarchiques sont spécifiques à la démence, notamment pour les IADL. Les démentsconnaissent un déclin fonctionnel plus marqué et des niveaux de dépendance supérieurs.Des analyses ultérieures devront s’attacher à explorer plus largement les différents profilsd’évolution en population âgée et identifier les déterminants sous‐jacents à ces profils. / The contingent of baby‐boomers combined with an expansion of morbidity increasinglyobserved in some layers of older and aging populations are a major challenge for society.The aim of this thesis was to study the natural history and determinants of dependency inaging. In the first part, we showed that longevity was a multifactorial phenomenon withsimilarities and discrepancies by gender. In the second part, the study of secular trendsshowed a 10‐year gain in life expectancy and a postponement of dependency in over 75‐year‐old demonstrating a compression of morbidity for men and high levels of education,but an expansion of morbidity for the subjects of low educational level. IRT models haveallowed us to more accurately describe the process of dependency. Our work confirmed thatthe ability to perform daily activities was hierarchically affected and the front door of theprocess was limitation for shopping, while the last step was for transfer limitation. Thetrajectories of functional evolution before death are more favorable to men and high levelsof education. Furthermore, the sequences are hierarchical specific to dementia, especiallyfor IADL. Demented people experienced sharper functional declines and greater levels ofdependency. Further analyzes will have to focus on exploring more widely different patternsof change in elderly population and identify the determinants underlying these profiles.Keywords:

Orientador: Célio F.B. Haddad / Resumo: Na última década houve um grande desenvolvimento nos Modelos de Distribuição de Espécies (MDE), com diversas aplicações na conservação da biodiversidade. No entanto, apesar dos avanços recentes, a seleção de variáveis preditoras tem sido relativamente negligenciada na construção dos MDE. Este procedimento deveria ser um dos passos cruciais do processo de modelagem, já que as variáveis preditoras estão relacionadas diretamente à capacidade dos modelos de capturar os requisitos ambientais das espécies. Neste contexto, os anfíbios são excelentes organismos modelo para avaliar a importância da seleção de variáveis preditoras ecologicamente significativas no MDE. Isto pode trazer avanços para a biogeografia e biologia da conservação, uma vez que os anfíbios são usados como bioindicadores da qualidade ambiental e da integridade de hábitat. A presente tese de doutorado teve como objetivo principal verificar o efeito da utilização de variáveis preditoras ecologicamente significativas no processo de modelagem dos anfíbios e posteriormente aplicar parte deste conhecimento na comunidade de anfíbios do Estado de São Paulo, visando verificar o potencial desta metodologia para identificar áreas de alto valor de riqueza de anfíbios e verificar também o potencial de invasão de Eleutherodactylus jonhstonei, uma espécie de anfíbio invasora registrada para o Estado de São Paulo. No primeiro capítulo avaliamos a importância da seleção de variáveis essenciais ao MDE usando os anfíbios como estudo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the last decade there has been a great development in the Species Distribution Models (SDM), with several applications in conservation planning. However, despite recent advances, the selection of predictor variables has been relatively neglected in the construction of SDM. This methodological approach should be one of the critical steps of the modeling process, as the predictor variables are directly related to the ability of models to capture the environmental requirements of the species. In this context, amphibians are excellent model for assessing the importance of selecting ecologically meaningful variables in the SDM. This methodology may lead to advances in biogeography and conservation biology, since amphibians are used as bioindicators of environmental quality and habitat integrity. The aim of the work was to verify the effect of the use of ecologically meaningful variables in the amphibian modeling process and to apply part of this knowledge to the amphibian community of São Paulo state, checking the potential of this methodology to identify areas of high amphibian richness value and to verify the potential invasion of Eleutherodactylus jonhstonei, an invasive amphibian species registered in São Paulo state. In the first chapter we evaluated the importance of selecting essential variables in SDM using amphibians as a case study. The second chapter deals specifically with the amphibian modeling protocol of São Paulo state. The central focus of this chapter has been... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

TITLE: Content analyses of the textbooks of biology (natural history) for pupils with hearing impairment as a starting point for creating workbooks AUTHOR: RNDr. Jana Skýbová DEPARTMENT: Biology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague TUTOR: doc. RNDr. Vasilis Teodoridis, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The main aim of the dissertation thesis was to perform content analyses textbooks of biology (natural history) for elementary schools dedicated for pupils with hearing impairment as a base for the special workbooks creation in accordance with curricular and legislative documents. The next aim of thesis was the realization of educational research in all elementary schools for pupils with hearing impairment in the Czech Republic that focusing on teaching process of natural sciences and work with existing (author's) special textbooks for these pupils with accent on analysis of requirements of teachers and pupils for newly created workbooks. Methods of the mentioned pedagogic research was qualitative and quantitative, i.e. questionnaire complemented by interviews. The results of empirical research using textbooks of biology (natural history) in elementary schools dedicated for pupils with hearing impairment in the Czech Republic derived from the current requirements of the teacher-...

Introduction: Les évidences scientifiques actuelles sur l’apnée du sommeil pédiatrique considérant le développement crâniofacial sont limitées, et l’identification des enfants vulnérables est difficile, car un manque d’évidence existe quant aux facteurs de risque et aux symptômes de cette population. Objectifs: Évaluer l’histoire naturelle de l’apnée du sommeil, de l’enfance à la fin de l’adolescence, afin de récolter de l’information supplémentaire quant à la persistance, la rémission et l’incidence de la maladie, tout en considérant l’impact de la croissance et du développement crâniofacial. Les objectifs secondaires de cette étude sont également d’évaluer la trajectoire des comorbidités associées à l’apnée du sommeil (comportementales et neurocognitives). Matériel et Méthode : La cohorte d’enfants initialement recrutés au CHUSJ, pour qui des troubles de sommeil étaient suspectés, ont été recontactés pour un suivi 5 ans suivant leur date initiale d’évaluation. Dix-neuf enfants ont été réévalués en complétant des examens dentaires et orthodontiques, des questionnaires (Epworth, PSQI, CPRS-R) ainsi qu’une polysomnographie à domicile. Résultats: L’âge moyen des participants adolescents à V2 étaient 12.79 ± 2.74 à. À V2, les garçons (IAH=3.28 ± 2.43) étaient atteints plus sévèrement que les filles (IAH=2.81 ± 2.02), mais de façon non significative (p=0.589). Au suivi 5 ans plus tard (V2), aucun enfant était atteint sévèrement alors que 42% étaient légèrement atteints et 22% souffraient d’une AOS modérée comparativement à V1, où 36% des enfants étaient atteints légèrement, 18% atteints de façon modérée et 18% souffraient d’apnée sévère. La prévalence à V2 est de 63.2% alors que l’incidence est de 54.5%. Un taux de de rémission de 25% a été noté. Aucune caractéristique dentaire ni squelettique a été associée à la présence et à la persistance de l’apnée du sommeil. Conclusion: Les troubles respiratoires ne sont pas nécessairement résolus à l’adolescence, et de nouveaux facteurs de risque, similaires à ceux retrouvés chez l’adulte, font émergence. La connaissance des caractéristiques crâniofaciales associées à l’AOS est essentielle pour optimiser les traitements et maximiser les récurrences. / Introduction: Current scientific studies of the history of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea that consider craniofacial development impacts remain somewhat limited, while there is incomplete global evidence for establishing risk factor and symptom algorithm that adequately identify vulnerable children. Objective: To evaluate the natural history of sleep apnea, from childhood to the end of adolescence, and gather additional information regarding the persistence, remission, and incidence of the disease while considering the impact of growth and craniofacial development. As secondary goals, the study will assess the trajectory of associated sleep apnea comorbidities (behavioral and neurocognitive). Methods: The cohort of children who were initially recruited at the CHUSJ, for whom obstructive sleep apnea was suspected, were recalled for a 5-year follow-up, according to the date of their first evaluation. A total of 19 children were seen to complete dental and orthodontic evaluations, three questionnaires (Epworth, PSQI, CPRS-R) and a home-based polysomnography. Results: The mean age of the adolescent participants at follow-up was 12.79 ± 2.74. At V2, boys (AHI=3.28 ± 2.43) were more severely affected than girls (2.81 ± 2.02) but the difference was not significant (p=0.589). At the 5-year follow-up (V2), none of the children were severely ill but 42% had mild sleep apnea while 22% had moderate apnea comparatively to V1 where 36% had mild apnea, while 18% suffered from moderate apnea and 18% were severely ill. Prevalence at V2 was 63.2% and incidence was 54.5%. Remission rate was 25%. No skeletal or dental features were associated with the presence and persistence of obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusion: Obstructive sleep disordered breathing are not necessarily resolved at adolescence. On the other hand, with the onset of adolescence, new risk factors similar to those we find in adults emerge. In order to maximize treatments outcome and minimize recurrences, knowledge of craniofacial features is essential.

TITLE: Distance Teaching of Natural History During Emergency Measures in the 2nd Half of the School Year 2019/2020 AUTHOR: Martin Panský DEPARTMENT: Department of Biology and Environmental Studies SUPERVISOR: Ing. Jan Andreska, PhD. ABSTRACT: The topic of the diploma thesis is a distance teaching of natural history at primary schools during emergency measures in the second half of the school year 2019/2020, when, in response to a pandemic situation, the physical presence of pupils in schools was banned, both in the Czech Republic and in the most of the countries in the world. This was a completely new situation, to which it was necessary to respond flexibly and systemically in order for teaching to continue to work, at least to a limited extent. The aim of the work was to summarize the experience of science and biology teachers at primary schools in the Czech Republic coming from distance education in the second half of the school year 2019/2020. Moreover this thesis is focuing on naming critical points in distance education of given subjects, defining distance learning opportunities and examining whether such a situation will have further implications for the future form of our education. To meet these goals, I decided to conduct an extensive questionnaire survey, in which I managed to get over 700...

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This dissertation explores the intellectual and cultural history of natural knowledge at the eighteenth-century court of Tipu Sultan of Mysore (r.1782-1799), and the ways in which this knowledge was both a product of Mysore’s local context and its wider global connections. It argues that more attention to Mysore’s sources and perspective is needed in the history of science given the power and productivity of the court before it was conquered by the British East India Company (BEIC) in 1799. After 1799, the BEIC dispersed the Mysore’s court’s library and artifacts, and obscured the court’s contributions to knowledge-making. This dissertation demonstrates that Mysore’s library and gardens were sites of natural science collection, experimentation, and production worthy of study. The extant collection of Tipu Sultan’s manuscripts remains understudied, especially those related to science. This dissertation outlines the surviving library texts related to natural knowledge and provides case studies of particular manuscripts that showcase Tipu Sultan’s interest in collecting, organizing, and producing encyclopedic knowledge of nature and natural processes. It further emphasizes that many (often unnamed) hands and labors enabled the natural sciences to be produced and disseminated in the eighteenth century, through close readings of Persian, French, and English texts and diplomatic records related to Tipu Sultan’s court. It thus seeks to recover both the elite contributions of Tipu Sultan and his courtiers engaged in natural knowledge production as well as the more obscure, but no less vital contributions of unnamed actors.

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<p>Sir Isaac Newton’s famous discovery of gravity marks the rapid advancement of science in the English seventeenth century, and a permanent shift away from the scientific methods of antiquity. Natural philosophers were beginning to look at the physical world in new and dynamic ways. However, much of this new theory conflicted with traditional theology, which was problematic for Christian followers of this ‘new science’. To negotiate this conflict, a group of natural philosophers developed a new branch of science entitled physico-theology. This stream aims to prove that science does not dismiss religion, but is able to reinforce the existence of God and the truth of Biblical texts. John Woodward is a largely overlooked participant in physico-theology, but his literary works<em> </em>supply key information to modern readers in the understanding of this field. This study critically examines Woodward’s <em>Natural History of the Earth</em> for its significant contributions to early modern science and literary techniques of this discipline. This work is indicative of an emerging scientific method that aims to accommodate both physical observation and creative thinking. I argue that Woodward’s reliance on theology, while scientifically problematic, does not hinder his research, but is perversely productive by challenging him to pursue innovative hypotheses. This prominent, understudied text is remarkable for its fusion of science and theology, and for what it can illuminate about the interdependence of faith and reason in early modern science.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)