This thesis by the name To create oneself: Carl Peter Thunberg’s persona constructed by means of his travel account draws inspiration from recent studies within the history of science regarding the concept of persona. It seeks to expand the notion of persona to examine how it could be constructed and refined by individuals. In doing so, it offers an alternative approach to persona. Not as intellectual standard types but as a joining together of qualities that through the joining creates unique personae to each individual. Furthermore, the essay looks at change, and how it could function as an aspect of a persona. In order to examine this, I will look at how the persona of Carl Peter Thunberg was constructed in his travel account which was published in four parts and covered his travels in Europe, Africa and Asia in the 1770s. Thunberg was one of Carl von Linné’s students and a natural historian and physician in his own right. His travel account was widely anticipated and offered an opportunity for him to introduce himself to a wider audience. This source is exemplary for this kind of analysis as all four parts of the travel account existed within the same genre and was written for the same public, yet changes occurred in how Thunberg was portrayed. Rather than explaining these changes in how Thunberg was portrayed by changes in his personal circumstances, I will argue that they are best understood by considering the aspect of change as a central strategy in constructing Thunberg’s persona as a evolving scientist and natural historian.

The presented master thesis compares the effectiveness of geology teaching at primary school using a frontal and "alternative" teaching methods. For the research pupils were firstly tested in the form a didactic pre-test, which was focused on the basic knowledge of geology. Then two geological topics were selected and worked out following a frontal and interactive teaching methods (i.e., using Inquiry Based Science Education and multimedia). The topics were alternately taught in two groups (classes) of respondents at the primary schools. The difference in the effectiveness of the selected teaching methods was evaluated on the basis of the results of the post-test. According to the obtained results the teaching of geology at the primary school is definitely more efficient using "alternative" teaching methods in the comparison with frontal methods of teaching.

This thesis deals with teaching about inanimate nature of the local region. The main theme of the thesis is to create own suggestions for project teaching on the 2nd grade of elementary school using the example of inanimate nature of Novohradské mountains. The project includes various activities focused on teaching about inanimate nature. The theoretical part deals with basic principles of interdisciplinary relations, project-based teaching and field exercise. It also includes an assessment of the significance of the interdisciplinary relitonships of the topic inanimate nature within the FEP. One of these chapters is devoted to the physical-geographic characteristics of the Novohradské mountains. The practical part is the final suggestion of the project.

This diploma thesis is focused on the teaching of paleontology and historical geology at the 2nd level of primary school within the educational subject of natural history. The theoretical part summarizes a problematic of paleontology in the Czech Republic, including its historical development, and presents the system of curricular documents of the Czech Republic primarily the Framework Education Program for Elementary Education. The main aim of the thesis is to compile five thematic teaching blocks from historical geology, which can be used in the teaching of natural history at the primary school and in the corresponding levels of multi-year grammar schools. The practical part described the teaching blocks including their methodology and three research surveys thematically aimed to identification of students' interest in paleontology within the blocks, students' ideas about an appearance of the dinosaurs, and their evaluation of dinosaur images from various popular books, feature films and toys. The interest of students in the teaching blocks was evaluated using a questionnaire survey (113 participates). A "correct" appearance of the dinosaurs was studied by comparing drawings of dinosaurs with four characteristic features drawn by 107 pupils. The evaluation of dinosaur images was carried out by...

Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier comment, suite à la conquête de l’Amérique, les Européens se sont approprié des plantes médicinales d’origine mexicaine, caribéenne, andine, ou amazonienne. L’usage fréquent que les praticiens européens du XVIIIe siècle font de substances telles que le quinquina, l'ipécacuanha, le bois de gaïac ou encore le chocolat, révèle l’ampleur du phénomène, mais en masque la complexité. L’emploi d’un remède originaire d’Amérique en Europe implique en effet de nombreux processus. Le prélèvement et la mise en culture des végétaux, la transmission des savoirs indigènes et leur traduction par les allogènes, la commercialisation des drogues à travers l'Atlantique, les expériences réalisées sur les remèdes et les expéditions organisées en Amérique entre le XVIe et le XVIIIe siècle sont ainsi au cœur de cette recherche. Plus qu’un « apport » de l’Amérique à l’Europe, ce phénomène d’appropriation doit être appréhendé comme une modalité du fait colonial. Objet naturel, et en même temps savoir naturaliste et médical, la plante médicinale devient à la suite de la conquête de l’Amérique un enjeu politique. Elle suscite, en 1570, l’une des premières expéditions scientifiques de l’histoire, et inspire à la monarchie espagnole divers projets de monopole au milieu du XVIIIe siècle. De l’autre côté de l’Atlantique, elle est au cœur des conflits opposant l’« Indien » à l’Espagnol, lorsque le second interdit au premier d’utiliser des plantes abortives ou hallucinogènes, et lorsque le premier refuse de transmettre ses savoirs pharmacologiques au second. / The aim of this dissertation is to study how, in the aftermath of the Conquest of America, Europeans have appropriated medicinal plants from Mexican, Caribbean, Andean, or Amazonian origin. 18th century European practitioners frequently used substances such as Peruvian bark, ipecacuanha, gaiacum wood, or chocolate – which reveals the extent of the phenomena, yet masks its complexity. Using an American remedy in Europe indeed implied many processes. Crucial to this research are: the sampling and growing of plants; the transmission of indigenous knowledge and its translation by allogenous; the drug trade across the Atlantic; experiences carried out on remedies; and expeditions conducted in America between the 16th and the 18th centuries. More than a “contribution” of America to Europe, this phenomenon of appropriation must be understood as a modality of colonialism. As natural object, and at the same time as naturalistic and medical knowledge, medicinal plants took on a political stake after the Conquest of America. For instance, while in 1570 they had been the target of one of the first scientific expeditions in history, in the middle of the 18th century they also led the Spanish crown to undertake various monopolistic projects. On the other side of the Atlantic, it was at the heart of conflicts between the “Indian” and the Spaniard, when the latter forbade the former from using abortive or hallucinogenic plants, and when the former refused to transmit his pharmacological knowledge to the latter.

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida (gilvan.almeida@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-26T14:06:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 204.pdf: 7056615 bytes, checksum: 78a78d224254bda7960e42a3577c4cae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Barata Manoel (msbarata@coc.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-04T18:46:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 204.pdf: 7056615 bytes, checksum: 78a78d224254bda7960e42a3577c4cae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:46:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 204.pdf: 7056615 bytes, checksum: 78a78d224254bda7960e42a3577c4cae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Esta tese tem por objetivo fazer um estudo sobre o trabalho de campo do coletor e naturalista britânico Alfred Russel Wallace na Amazônia, efetuado no período de 1848 a 1852. Por meio da análise de sua experiência de exploração ao norte do Brasil, elucida, primeiramente, a partir de seus escritos produzidos na e sobre a região, de que maneira a natureza tropical foi interpretada ou imaginada por ele durante o período oitocentista. Em segundo lugar, examina a experiência material desse coletor de espécies com a realidade amazônica; e, com isso, recuperar, ao mesmo tempo, o cotidiano de suas viagens e as formas pelas quais interagiu com o ambiente e as culturas dos lugares que visitou. Por último, demonstra-se que a experiência de campo foi fundamental para seu treinamento técnico e formação intelectual, já que foi através dela que o naturalista pôde adquirir habilidades e amadurecer reflexões as quais o transformaram em um filósofo da natureza. Para isso, esta análise valeu-se de recursos metodológicos e fontes de variadas naturezas: apreciação de relatos de viagem de exploradores setecentistas e oitocentistas; estudo específico das obras sobre a Amazônia de Alfred Russel Wallace; análise da correspondência relacionada aos viajantes Richard Spruce, Henry Bates e Wallace; exame de algumas coleções de espécimes; além da pesquisa em relatórios de Presidentes de Província e textos de autoridades locais. Por fim, para além da discussão sobre as alteridades ambiental e humana, esta proposta de trabalho consiste em analisar as interações de homens de ciência com a realidade da região e avaliar de que modo estas foram cruciais para o sucesso do trabalho de Wallace como naturalista. / This thesis examines the collector and naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace’s explorations and fieldwork in the Amazon, from 1848-1852. By analyzing his experience in the north of Brazil through his writings produced in and about the region, this study first elucidates how tropical nature was interpreted or imagined during the 19th century. Secondly, this thesis examines this collector’s material experience with Amazon reality, uncovering, at the same time, the daily life of his travels and the ways in which Russel Wallace interacted with the environment and cultures of the places he visited. Lastly, this thesis emphasizes that the Wallace’s experience in the field was essential for his technical and intellectual training, as it was through these encounters that the naturalist acquired the skills and mature reflections that turned him into a philosopher of nature. To do so, this thesis analyzes methodological resources and a variety of primary sources: the assessment of 18th - and 19th - century explorers’ travel reports; the specific study of Alfred Russel Wallace’s works on the Amazon; the analysis of correspondence between travelers Richard Spruce, Henry Bates, and Wallace; the examination of some specimen collections; and research on provincial presidential reports and local authorities’ writings. With this, this thesis sought to map the paths by which naturalists traveled the Amazon region and elucidate how species collectors took advantage of existing trade relations and power structures, established in the northern region since the colonial period, to traverse the Amazon River and its tributaries. In conclusion, going beyond the discussion of the environmental and human.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como Leitmotiv (motivo principal) a análise do problema da causalidade em Kant e a interpretação desta pelos neokantianos na formulação da causalidade das ciências naturais e da causalidade das ciências do espírito. A relevância desta pesquisa reside no enraizamento da concepção de causalidade nas tradições da geografia moderna, na polêmica trazida pelos neokantianos ao separarem causalidade em geografia humana de causalidade em geografia física e no fato de que, nos movimentos de retorno à obra de Kant, a causalidade foi preterida diante de temas como espaço e physische Geographie. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que a causalidade torna-se um problema na obra crítica de Kant ao articularmos os domínios de Liberdade e Natureza. Assim, apresentaremos os preceitos filosóficos kantianos, um panorama da História Natural e a temática da causalidade nas suas obras críticas, apontando a influência do seu pensamento na estruturação da geografia alemã neokantiana / This masters degree essay has as Leitmotiv (main reason) the analysis of the problem of causality in Kant and the interpretation of this one by the Neo-Kantians in formulation of causality of natural sciences and of the causality of science of spirit. The relevance of this research is the rooting of the conception of causality in the traditions of modern geography, the controversy brought by Neo-Kantians at the separate causality in human geography of causality in the physiographic and the fact that, in the movements of return to Kants work, the causality was deprecated before subjects as space and e physische Geographie. This researchs hypothesis is that the causality becomes a problem in the critical work of Kant to articulate the areas of Freedom and Nature. Therefore, it will present the Kantians philosophical precepts, an overview of Natural History and the thematic of the causality in his critical works, pointing the influence of his thinking in structuring the Neo-Kantian German geography.

Submitted by ALINE MEIRA BONFIM MANTELLATTO null (alinemeira22@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-26T12:27:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Aline_Meira_Bonfim_Mantellatto.pdf: 3628073 bytes, checksum: fb09b14fa5d50ef174174cbe54e46f70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-01T15:24:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mantellato_amb_dr_jabo.pdf: 3628073 bytes, checksum: fb09b14fa5d50ef174174cbe54e46f70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-01T15:24:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mantellato_amb_dr_jabo.pdf: 3628073 bytes, checksum: fb09b14fa5d50ef174174cbe54e46f70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Considerada a espécie de cervídeo brasileira mais ameaçada de extinção, Mazama bororo, foi recentemente descrita em 1996. Devido a isso, aspectos básicos de sua biologia ainda são desconhecidos. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar DNA extraído de espécimes recentes e de museus para descrever a sua distribuição histórica, investigar a existência de padrões filogeográficos, avaliar a taxonomia da espécie e os erros de identificação no material analisado pertencente aos acervos científicos de museus. Para tanto, foi realizada a extração de DNA de 200 amostras de ossos turbinais obtidos em museus de história natural e 78 destes espécimes foram identificados a partir de iniciadores do gene citocromo b (224bp). O total de 22 espécimes identificados como pertencentes à espécie Mazama bororo permitiu conhecer áreas inéditas da distribuição histórica e, possivelmente atuais, da espécie, como os estados de Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Espírito Santo e Bahia. Além disso, a comparação entre o DNA dos holótipos de Mazama bororo e de Mazama americana jucunda indica que a espécie M. bororo corresponde à subespécie M. americana jucunda, descrita em 1913, demonstrando a necessidade de elevar essa subespécie à categoria de espécie. Análises filogeográficas da espécie demonstram que M. bororo não apresenta uma estruturação populacional histórica e que diversidade genética é baixa quando comparada a outras espécies, um indicativo de que políticas de manutenção e conservação dessa espécie são essenciais a sua permanência. Comparando-se as identificações morfológicas presentes nos museus com as identificações obtidas a partir do marcador molecular utilizado observa-se que a taxa de erro decorrente da classificação baseada em caracteres morfológicos foi de 26%. Entretanto, espera-se que, com o auxílio do DNA de coleções científicas, a seleção de caracteres morfológicos não convergentes para este grupo seja possível, permitindo assim a realização de identificações morfológicas corretamente. / Mazama bororo was recently described in 1996 and is considered the most threatened species of Brazilian deer. Due to this, basic aspects of its biology are still unknown. Thus, this research project aims to use DNA extracted from recent specimens and from natural history collections to review the taxonomy, to describe historical distribution and to investigate the existence of phylogeographic patterns on M. bororo. For this purpose, we extracted DNA from 200 samples of turbinate bones obtained from natural history collections and 78 of these were identified from cytochrome b initiator (224bp). We obtained a total of 22 specimens identified as M. bororo. This result allowed identify unpublished areas on historical and perhaps current distribution of M. bororo in states such as Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Espírito Santo and Bahia. Moreover, the comparison among the DNA from holotype of M. bororo and Mazama americana jucunda indicates that M. bororo corresponds to the subspecies M. americana jucunda, described in 1913, highlighting the need to raise this subspecies to full species status. Our results also demonstrates that M. bororo did not show a genetic structuration of their populations and that their genetic diversity is lower than other species, highlighting the need to increase conservation and environment policy efforts to maintenance of this species. Finally, when we compare the morphological identification available on natural history collections with the identification obtained from molecular markers we found that the error rate resulting from the classification based on morphological characters was 26%. Nevertheless, we expect with the help of DNA from natural history collections will be possible to select non-convergent morphological characters for this group, allowing thus correct morphological identifications. / FAPESP: 2013/05944-7

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como Leitmotiv (motivo principal) a análise do problema da causalidade em Kant e a interpretação desta pelos neokantianos na formulação da causalidade das ciências naturais e da causalidade das ciências do espírito. A relevância desta pesquisa reside no enraizamento da concepção de causalidade nas tradições da geografia moderna, na polêmica trazida pelos neokantianos ao separarem causalidade em geografia humana de causalidade em geografia física e no fato de que, nos movimentos de retorno à obra de Kant, a causalidade foi preterida diante de temas como espaço e physische Geographie. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que a causalidade torna-se um problema na obra crítica de Kant ao articularmos os domínios de Liberdade e Natureza. Assim, apresentaremos os preceitos filosóficos kantianos, um panorama da História Natural e a temática da causalidade nas suas obras críticas, apontando a influência do seu pensamento na estruturação da geografia alemã neokantiana / This masters degree essay has as Leitmotiv (main reason) the analysis of the problem of causality in Kant and the interpretation of this one by the Neo-Kantians in formulation of causality of natural sciences and of the causality of science of spirit. The relevance of this research is the rooting of the conception of causality in the traditions of modern geography, the controversy brought by Neo-Kantians at the separate causality in human geography of causality in the physiographic and the fact that, in the movements of return to Kants work, the causality was deprecated before subjects as space and e physische Geographie. This researchs hypothesis is that the causality becomes a problem in the critical work of Kant to articulate the areas of Freedom and Nature. Therefore, it will present the Kantians philosophical precepts, an overview of Natural History and the thematic of the causality in his critical works, pointing the influence of his thinking in structuring the Neo-Kantian German geography.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gussoni_coa_me_rcla.pdf: 665002 bytes, checksum: 041131facf35002a9f8926d9867069d7 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A maria-da-restinga (Phylloscartes kronei) é uma espécie da família Tyrannidae descrita recentemente e considerada como globalmente ameaçada de extinção, cuja história natural é pouco conhecida. Visando preencher parte desta lacuna, o objetivo deste estudo foi de caracterizar o comportamento de forrageamento da maria-da-restinga, descrever os bandos mistos aos quais ela se associa, bem como descrever alguns outros aspectos de sua história natural como seus hábitos alimentares, o comportamento de dormir, insights sobre a biologia reprodutiva, o alcance de vôo, encontros agonísticos interespecíficos e a muda. No período de agosto de 2008 a julho de 2009 foram realizadas excursões mensais ao município de Ilha Comprida (~24º S), Estado de São Paulo. Aliado ao esforço anual mencionado, uma visita ao município de Guaraqueçaba (25º18'S e 48º19'W), Estado do Paraná, foi conduzida entre os dias 25 de julho e 1º de agosto de 2008. Foram coletadas 613 amostras de forrageamento, através de observações diretas com auxílio de binóculos com aumento de 10 vezes. Durante os períodos de coleta de dados sobre o forrageamento da espécie, para cada encontro com a mesma foi anotado se esta se encontrava só, aos pares, em grupos ou associada a bandos mistos de aves. Quando em bandos mistos, foram anotadas todas as espécies ocorrentes, visando caracterizar os bandos aos quais se associa. Para a descrição do hábito alimentar da espécie foram analisados os conteúdos estomacais de cinco exemplares coletados na década de 1990 no Estado do Paraná, tendo sido identificados 116 ítens alimentares. Através da análise dos dados obtidos, conclui-se que P. kronei captura suas presas principalmente em folhas verdes, entre 0,5 e 15m acima do solo, utilizando a manobra “investir-atingir”. Alimenta-se predominantemente de artrópodes, sendo que os insetos das ordens Coleoptera... / The Restinga Tyrannulet (Phylloscartes kronei) is a recently described and globally threatened species of the family Tyrannidae, whose natural history is poorly known. In this study several information on the natural history of P. kronei were gathered such as several aspects on foraging behavior, association with mixed species bird flocks, feeding habits, the description of the roosting behavior, insights on the reproductive biology, the flying range, interespecific agonistic encounters and moulting. From August 2008 to July 2009, data on this species were collected on a monthly basis in Ilha Comprida (~24º S), São Paulo state, Brazil. In addition, a visit to Guaraqueçaba (25º18'S e 48º19'W), Paraná state, was conducted between 25 July and 01 August 2008. A total of 613 foraging maneuvers were gathered by direct observations with the aid of binoculars with 10x magnification. In all meetings with the species it was reported if individuals were alone, in pairs, in groups or associated with mixed species bird flocks. When mixed species flocks with Restinga Tyrannulets were observed, all species in the flock were identified. Five stomach contents collected in the 1990s in Paraná state were evaluated and 116 food items were identified. The Restinga Tyrannulet captures preys mainly with sally-strikes in green leaves between 0.5 and 15m above the ground. This species feeds mainly on arthropods, especially Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. The observed foraging behaviors and feeding habits were similar to the ones observed in other species of Phylloscartes, but new food items are described for this genus: Anobiidae (Coleoptera), Coccinelidae (Coleoptera), Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), Microhymenoptera and two species of fruits (Clusia criuva and Ternstroemia brasiliensis). P. kronei is a sporadic follower of mixed species bird flocks, which had the inclusion of 25 species on their compositions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)