<p>The creatures known as vampires have inspired authors for several hundred years. These beings are stereotypically described as belonging to a “nocturnal species” who live “in shadows” and drink “our lives in secrecy” (Auerbach 1). However, they have by now appeared so often in literary works, and in so many different shapes and sizes, that they are much too nuanced to be called ‘stereotypes.’</p><p>This essay will make a historical comparison between two fictional vampires, one hundred years apart, in order to show that a change has taken place when it comes to how vampires as fictional characters have been portrayed in terms of their appearance, their psychology, and their roles in society. The first novel chosen is, for obvious reasons, Bram Stoker’s Dracula. It was written at the turn of the nineteenth century by a male author and is probably the first novel that comes into mind when the word vampire is mentioned. The second novel, The Vampire Lestat, was written almost a century later, in 1986, by a female author, who, to readers of vampire fiction, is a worthy successor of Stoker. Her name is Anne Rice, best known for her debut novel Interview with the Vampire (1976).</p><p>The two novels are naturally chosen because of their similarities, but perhaps even more so because of their differences. Dracula is a typically Victorian Gothic novel, which is set in the remote mountains of Transylvania, and in the modern capital London, contemporary to when the novel was published. It is written in epistolary form but never allows for the main character, Count Dracula, to defend or explain himself and his actions in a first-person narrative.</p><p>The Vampire Lestat, on the other hand, is a Neo-Gothic novel that focus less on conventional Gothic elements, for example gloomy settings, and more on the psychological aspects of what it is like to actually be a vampire. Unlike Dracula, it is the main character’s fictional autobiography in which he recalls his life in France, his transformation into a vampire, and his current career in the United States as a famous rock star. Nina Auerbach calls it “a series of temporal regressions in which Lestat . . . embarks on a backward quest out of the knowable world” (172).</p><p>Both novels used in this analysis are thus part of the Gothic genre, one being a Victorian Gothic and the other Neo-Gothic, but there are significant differences between the two. I will investigate how these differences reveal themselves when it comes to setting and plot. However, the novels are similar in that they present two male vampires who belong to the nobility and have lived on through the centuries. The vampires both want to be where the power is, which means, in the case of Stoker’s Dracula, that he tries to conquer nineteenth-century London and seduce a young intelligent woman named Mina. Lestat, on the other hand, wants to become a famous twentieth-century rock star in the United States and simply have a good time while being a vampire (Auerbach 6).</p><p>The aim of this essay is to investigate what is typical of the genres that the two novels belong to and determine what has changed in the vampires’ physical appearance, their manners and their ability to adapt to modern society. In the first section of the essay I will give a description of the typical elements of the Gothic and the Neo-Gothic genres and then compare them in order to make a generic description of the two novels, Dracula and The Vampire Lestat. Vampire fiction will be treated as a sub-genre to the Gothic genre. In the succeeding two sections I will make comparative analyses of the two novels, particularly of the main characters, in order to describe the similarities and differences between the two and study how the vampire character has changed during the last century. Much of the discussion, especially regarding Dracula, will be based on Cesare Lombroso’s concept of the ‘criminal man,’ and various modern scholars’ opinion that the vampire is seen as an outcast and a threat to society.</p>

The creatures known as vampires have inspired authors for several hundred years. These beings are stereotypically described as belonging to a “nocturnal species” who live “in shadows” and drink “our lives in secrecy” (Auerbach 1). However, they have by now appeared so often in literary works, and in so many different shapes and sizes, that they are much too nuanced to be called ‘stereotypes.’ This essay will make a historical comparison between two fictional vampires, one hundred years apart, in order to show that a change has taken place when it comes to how vampires as fictional characters have been portrayed in terms of their appearance, their psychology, and their roles in society. The first novel chosen is, for obvious reasons, Bram Stoker’s Dracula. It was written at the turn of the nineteenth century by a male author and is probably the first novel that comes into mind when the word vampire is mentioned. The second novel, The Vampire Lestat, was written almost a century later, in 1986, by a female author, who, to readers of vampire fiction, is a worthy successor of Stoker. Her name is Anne Rice, best known for her debut novel Interview with the Vampire (1976). The two novels are naturally chosen because of their similarities, but perhaps even more so because of their differences. Dracula is a typically Victorian Gothic novel, which is set in the remote mountains of Transylvania, and in the modern capital London, contemporary to when the novel was published. It is written in epistolary form but never allows for the main character, Count Dracula, to defend or explain himself and his actions in a first-person narrative. The Vampire Lestat, on the other hand, is a Neo-Gothic novel that focus less on conventional Gothic elements, for example gloomy settings, and more on the psychological aspects of what it is like to actually be a vampire. Unlike Dracula, it is the main character’s fictional autobiography in which he recalls his life in France, his transformation into a vampire, and his current career in the United States as a famous rock star. Nina Auerbach calls it “a series of temporal regressions in which Lestat . . . embarks on a backward quest out of the knowable world” (172). Both novels used in this analysis are thus part of the Gothic genre, one being a Victorian Gothic and the other Neo-Gothic, but there are significant differences between the two. I will investigate how these differences reveal themselves when it comes to setting and plot. However, the novels are similar in that they present two male vampires who belong to the nobility and have lived on through the centuries. The vampires both want to be where the power is, which means, in the case of Stoker’s Dracula, that he tries to conquer nineteenth-century London and seduce a young intelligent woman named Mina. Lestat, on the other hand, wants to become a famous twentieth-century rock star in the United States and simply have a good time while being a vampire (Auerbach 6). The aim of this essay is to investigate what is typical of the genres that the two novels belong to and determine what has changed in the vampires’ physical appearance, their manners and their ability to adapt to modern society. In the first section of the essay I will give a description of the typical elements of the Gothic and the Neo-Gothic genres and then compare them in order to make a generic description of the two novels, Dracula and The Vampire Lestat. Vampire fiction will be treated as a sub-genre to the Gothic genre. In the succeeding two sections I will make comparative analyses of the two novels, particularly of the main characters, in order to describe the similarities and differences between the two and study how the vampire character has changed during the last century. Much of the discussion, especially regarding Dracula, will be based on Cesare Lombroso’s concept of the ‘criminal man,’ and various modern scholars’ opinion that the vampire is seen as an outcast and a threat to society.

This dissertation concerns the socio-cultural politics expressed in the performances of Matthew Barney, Steven Cohen, Marina Abramovic, and the ‘Pop’ artist Madonna. The contention is that these artists mirror and dramatize marginalization and seem to reflect a desire to resolve conflicts experienced between social and psychological identities in contemporary society. The premise of this study is that these performers engage in a ‘dialogue’ with viewers as a form of self-preservation and self-healing. The Performance artists’ measure of socio-cultural tensions suggests the merging of mass media entertainment, theatrical devices and other cultural practices such as fetishism and rituals involving altered states of consciousness, props and allusions to shamanism. An ancient modality of healing, such as shamanism, when appropriated by artists, seems to reflect an urgent phenomenological need of the individual within Western society for overcoming feelings of powerlessness as a type of therapeutic practice. The Performance artists’ Othering is acted out as a survival mechanism addressing and questioning the ‘degradation’ imposed on marginalized individuals who challenge the traditional notion of authentic identity and the ‘classic’ body. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Visual Arts)

This dissertation concerns the socio-cultural politics expressed in the performances of Matthew Barney, Steven Cohen, Marina Abramovic, and the ‘Pop’ artist Madonna. The contention is that these artists mirror and dramatize marginalization and seem to reflect a desire to resolve conflicts experienced between social and psychological identities in contemporary society. The premise of this study is that these performers engage in a ‘dialogue’ with viewers as a form of self-preservation and self-healing. The Performance artists’ measure of socio-cultural tensions suggests the merging of mass media entertainment, theatrical devices and other cultural practices such as fetishism and rituals involving altered states of consciousness, props and allusions to shamanism. An ancient modality of healing, such as shamanism, when appropriated by artists, seems to reflect an urgent phenomenological need of the individual within Western society for overcoming feelings of powerlessness as a type of therapeutic practice. The Performance artists’ Othering is acted out as a survival mechanism addressing and questioning the ‘degradation’ imposed on marginalized individuals who challenge the traditional notion of authentic identity and the ‘classic’ body. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Visual Arts)

Este trabalho busca identificar os edifícios religiosos desenvolvidos entre os anos de 1880 e 1930 na cidade de Curitiba. O estudo parte do aparecimento do gótico e neogótico na Europa e, consequentemente, considera a influência do imigrante europeu na arquitetura religiosa neogótica desenvolvida em Curitiba da virada do século XIX para o XX. Para exemplificar a pesquisa foram selecionadas cinco igrejas que são, a nossos olhos, relevantes para a demonstração da adoção do estilo arquitetônico neogótico. Sendo assim, os cinco exemplares demonstram características particulares, porém inserem-se em um mesmo contexto histórico de caráter neogótico, marcando a influência do imigrante europeu em terras curitibanas. / This study aims at identifying the religious buildings developed between 1880 and 1930 in Curitiba. The study begins with the appearing of the gothic and neo-gothic in Europe and, consequently, it considers the influence of the European immigrant in the neo-gothic religious architecture developed in Curitiba in the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century. To exemplify the research, five churches were selected, which are, in our opinion, relevant to demonstrate the adoption of the neo-gothic architectural style. So, the five examples show peculiar characteristics, but are part of the same historical context of neo-gothic character, pointing out the influence of the European immigrant in the lands of the city of Curitiba.

Este trabalho busca identificar os edifícios religiosos desenvolvidos entre os anos de 1880 e 1930 na cidade de Curitiba. O estudo parte do aparecimento do gótico e neogótico na Europa e, consequentemente, considera a influência do imigrante europeu na arquitetura religiosa neogótica desenvolvida em Curitiba da virada do século XIX para o XX. Para exemplificar a pesquisa foram selecionadas cinco igrejas que são, a nossos olhos, relevantes para a demonstração da adoção do estilo arquitetônico neogótico. Sendo assim, os cinco exemplares demonstram características particulares, porém inserem-se em um mesmo contexto histórico de caráter neogótico, marcando a influência do imigrante europeu em terras curitibanas. / This study aims at identifying the religious buildings developed between 1880 and 1930 in Curitiba. The study begins with the appearing of the gothic and neo-gothic in Europe and, consequently, it considers the influence of the European immigrant in the neo-gothic religious architecture developed in Curitiba in the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century. To exemplify the research, five churches were selected, which are, in our opinion, relevant to demonstrate the adoption of the neo-gothic architectural style. So, the five examples show peculiar characteristics, but are part of the same historical context of neo-gothic character, pointing out the influence of the European immigrant in the lands of the city of Curitiba.

Este trabalho busca identificar os edifícios religiosos desenvolvidos entre os anos de 1880 e 1930 na cidade de Curitiba. O estudo parte do aparecimento do gótico e neogótico na Europa e, consequentemente, considera a influência do imigrante europeu na arquitetura religiosa neogótica desenvolvida em Curitiba da virada do século XIX para o XX. Para exemplificar a pesquisa foram selecionadas cinco igrejas que são, a nossos olhos, relevantes para a demonstração da adoção do estilo arquitetônico neogótico. Sendo assim, os cinco exemplares demonstram características particulares, porém inserem-se em um mesmo contexto histórico de caráter neogótico, marcando a influência do imigrante europeu em terras curitibanas. / This study aims at identifying the religious buildings developed between 1880 and 1930 in Curitiba. The study begins with the appearing of the gothic and neo-gothic in Europe and, consequently, it considers the influence of the European immigrant in the neo-gothic religious architecture developed in Curitiba in the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century. To exemplify the research, five churches were selected, which are, in our opinion, relevant to demonstrate the adoption of the neo-gothic architectural style. So, the five examples show peculiar characteristics, but are part of the same historical context of neo-gothic character, pointing out the influence of the European immigrant in the lands of the city of Curitiba.

En mettant fin aux privilèges et à une société d’ordres, la Révolution aurait dû vouer le château à la ruine, ne le laissant subsister dans le paysage que comme les vestiges d’un temps révolu. Mais au contraire, le XIXe siècle devient un véritable âge d’or des châteaux, en France comme dans toute une partie de l’Europe. À travers la France, les constructions, les restaurations et les remaniements de châteaux se comptent par milliers, sous le double effet du repli de la noblesse sur ses terres et de l’essor et de l’enrichissement de la bourgeoisie. Dans l’Allier, le Cantal et le Puy-de-Dôme 464 chantiers et projets voient le jour sous l’impulsion de familles de la vieille noblesse désireuses de réparer sur leur demeure les outrages du temps et de la Révolution et de bourgeois fortunés soucieux d’avoir une résidence prestigieuse, témoin de leur ascension sociale. Au XIXe siècle, on pose un nouveau regard sur le Moyen Âge et le château des siècles passés fait rêver. L’architecture doit s’inspirer des styles historicistes, parfois d’origine lointaine, tout en offrant un intérieur adapté au mode de vie et aux aspirations au confort des châtelains. Certains architectes se spécialisent pour satisfaire ces commandes entre historicisme et modernité / As the French Revolution put an end to privileges and the hierarchical division of society, castles seemed meant to disappear or survive only as remains of a bygone era. But the 19th century actually turned out to be a golden age for them – both in France and in many countries in Europe. In France, countless castles were built or overhauled, as the nobility returned to their lands and the bourgeoisie grew in power and wealth. In the three French départements of Allier, Cantal and Puy-de-Dôme, no less then 464 projects or actual construction works were launched. They originated either from ancient noble families wishing to erase the damages of time and History on their properties or from wealthy bourgeois willing to own high-profile mansions that would be of testimony of their social uplift. The 19th century was also a period where the Middle Ages was re-discovered and ancient castles became attractive again. Architectural trends were influenced by historicism, sometimes exotic styles, while interior design had to suit the lifestyle and need for comfort of the landlords. Some architects specialised in such projects, both historicist and modern

Diploma thesis "Neo-Gothic rebuilding of chateau Hluboká nad Vltavou" first provides a brief summary of basic literary and archival sources, followed by description of terminology in the field of 19th century architecture together with the explanation used by the author. After that there is mentioned a situation in Czech architecture at the end of 18th and in the 19th century. Next point is the Gothic Revival phenomenon - its establishment, ways of its spreading and its influence in middle Europe including Czech countries. Own topic of this thesis is introduced by a general and building history of chateau Hluboká nad Vltavou. After that there are introduced prince Jan Adolf II. of Schwarzenberg and his wife, who managed the rebuilding of the chateau. There is also a description of their personal contacts with British culture and architecture. Main part of the thesis is dedicated to Neo-Gothic rebuilding of chateau Hluboká nad Vltavou. This chapter is divided into several subchapters, where are described changes in the chateau interior and exterior including the effort of document the direct influence of Gothic Revival, and also the adaptation of the close surroundings of the chateau. Keywords Neo-Gothic architecture, Great Britain, Gothic Revival, chateau Hluboká nad Vltavou, prince Jan Adolf II....