O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar criticamente as transformações pelas quais o sistema capi-talista vem passando nas relações de produção com a emergência das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação. A apresentação leva em consideração o fato de que hoje o capital subordina a produção com uma intensidade nova e de um modo novíssimo ligado à emergên-cia do conhecimento-capital. Apoiado na tese da desmedida do valor de Prado (2005), este trabalho retoma as formas de subsunção do trabalho ao capital (formal, material e real) deriva-das d\'O Capital de Karl Marx, procurando delinear uma sequência lógica e histórica para a gênese de uma nova forma, qual seja, a subsunção intelectual do trabalho ao capital, que seria típica de um período de produção pós-grande industrial. Para explicitar mais esses processos de mudança, toma como objeto de estudo a indústria fonográfica. Esta, por depender em última instância do trabalho criativo (uma vez que é intensiva em conhecimento e inovações), vem sofrendo os efeitos da emergência das novas tecnologias de uma forma bastante negativa do ponto de vista do capital e de uma forma, talvez, muito positiva no que tange à produção e à distribuição de mercadorias de forma autônoma e independente do capital. Através de estu-dos de caso e evidências empíricas, procura demonstrar como as descontinuidades que estão presentes na indústria fonográfica, principalmente as que emergiram no século XXI, mudaram de uma vez por todas os modelos de negócios tradicionais desta indústria. Ao final demostra que, apesar de hoje em dia existir cada vez mais a possibilidade da criação de música de forma autônoma e independente, a produção de música ainda é realizada por trabalhadores que, no limite, estão subsumidos intelectualmente à relação de capital. / The aim of this work is to critically analyze the transformations that the capitalist system has experienced in the relations of production with the emergence of the new information and communication technologies. The presentation will take into account the fact that capital now subordinates production with a new intensity and in a brand new way that is linked to the emergence of knowledge-capital. Supported by Prado\'s (2005) thesis of the desmeasure of value, this work reapproaches the forms of subsumption of labor to capital (formal, material and real) derived from Karl Marx\'s Capital, trying to delineate a logical and historical sequence to the genesis of a new form, namely, the intellectual subsumption of labor to capital, which would be typical of a period of post-large-scale industry. Looking to further explain these processes of change, the recording industry is taken as object of study. As it depends mostly on the creative work (because it is knowledge- and innovation-intensive) it has been suffering the effects of the emergence of new technologies in a very negative perspective from capital\'s point of view, and in a way, perhaps, very positive regarding the production and distribution of goods in an autonomous and independent way. Through case studies and empirical evidence, it strives to show how the discontinuities that are present in the music industry, especially those that emerged in the twenty-first century, changed once and for all the recording industry\'s traditional business models. At the end it demonstrates that, although today there is an increasing possibility of creating music in an autonomous and independent way, music production is still undertaken by workers who, ultimately, are intellectually subsumed to the capital\'s relations.

A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida visou elucidar os nexos que definem a produção do espaço da metrópole de Porto Alegre no período atual, sobretudo nos últimos 15 anos. O trabalho inicialmente estabelece os fundamentos teóricos para compreender o movimento que transforma o espaço urbano em mercadoria, para em seguida identificar como esse processo se desenvolve, em Porto Alegre, definindo centralidades de valorização no espaço urbano, para cuja efetivação as estratégias das empresas do setor imobiliário são primordiais. Com isso em vista, o trabalho utilizou o conceito de fronteira urbana para aprimorar o entendimento das estratégias de valorização do espaço, verificando como esse processo se consumou no empreendimento Jardim Europa, localizado no setor leste da cidade de Porto Alegre. Colocou-se em evidência o fato de que as empresas do setor imobiliário esforçam-se constantemente por integrar áreas menos valorizadas à esfera de circulação de seu capital, com o intuito de obter sobrelucros de incorporação. Para atrair segmentos das classes média e alta para áreas menos valorizadas da cidade, as empresas lançam mão de publicidade maciça, vendendo signos do bem-estar e da harmonia com a natureza, bem como procuram apoiar-se no Estado, que frequentemente respalda suas iniciativas. O resultado é a permanente remodelação do espaço urbano sob a égide da acumulação de capital, o que conduz à reiteração das distâncias sociais e espaciais entre os centros valorizados e as vastas periferias urbanas características do capitalismo brasileiro. / The current research attempted to reveal the central aspects of the production of the metropolitan space of Porto Alegre during the last 15 years. First of all, we established the theoretical framework which helped us understand the movement that transforms space into a commodity. This has allowed us to demonstrate how this transformation has been occurring in Porto Alegre and how it has given rise to new spatial centralities in terms of real estate development. This is a process largely carried out by business strategies devised by large real estate developers. Having this in view, we made use of the concept of urban frontier in order to enrich our understanding of the business strategies of real estate development, paying attention to the changes occurred with Jardim Europa, a large development project located in the Eastern part of Porto Alegre. We emphasized the fact that large developers strive to incorporate areas of lower land prices into the sphere of circulation of their capital with the aim of obtaining surplus development profits. So as to attract middle and upper class households to these frontiers, developers employ massive advertising campaigns, selling signs of welfare and of harmony with nature, at the same time as they rely on the local state, which usually supports their development schemes. The result of this is the restless refashioning of urban space carried out by capital accumulation, thus leading to the reinforcement of the social and spatial distances that separate the gentrified neighborhoods and the vast urban peripheries typical of capitalism as it has developed in Brazil.

Este trabalho visa analisar as estratégias neoliberais adotadas por Brasil e Argentina na década de 1990 além das crises econômicas e sociais que ambos atravessaram na virada para o século XXI. A ideia é reconstruir a lógica econômica que buscou o controle da inflação oriunda da década anterior nos dois países e mostrar como isso se relaciona com as crises em questão. As políticas neoliberais entraram no Brasil com Fernando Collor em 1990 e foram continuadas por Itamar Franco e Fernando Henrique Cardoso, enquanto na Argentina sua aplicação data da ditadura militar instaurada em 1976, mas foi aprofundada a partir de 1989 com a eleição de Carlos Menem e dez anos depois com Fernando de la Rúa. Para reduzir os índices de inflação e viabilizar os planos econômicos aplicados, os dois países abriram suas economias, enxugaram a máquina pública e desregulamentaram seus mercados, conforme recomendado pelo Consenso de Washington. O resultado foi um processo de valorização cambial violenta que permitiu o aumento desenfreado das importações em detrimento das exportações, levando ao fechamento de diversas empresas nacionais que não poderiam competir com produtos estrangeiros, além do aumento do desemprego. A entrada de investimentos externos, muitas vezes na compra de estatais, também caracterizou o período, mas em pouco contribuiu para o desenvolvimento dos dois países que assistiram a um quadro de deterioração social e econômica ao longo da década em questão. / The aim of this work is to analyze the neoliberal strategies adopted by Brazil and Argen-tina in the 1990s as well as the economic and social crises both countries suffered in the turn of the 21th century. The purpose of the research is to explain the economic log-ic behind the attempt to control the inflation that had risen along the previous decade in the two countries, and to show how this issue relates to the crises in question. Neoliber-al policies were first adopted in Brazil by former president Fernando Collor, in 1990, and continued to be adopted by former- presidents Itamar Franco and Fernando Henrique Cardoso. In Argentina, neoliberal policies date from the military dictatorship in the year 1976, being further implemented by former president Carlos Menem (1989) who ruled for ten years, followed by Fernando de la Rúa, who pursued the same policy. In order to reduce inflation rates and make the economic plan work, both countries adopted an open economy, reduced public spending and deregulated their markets, following the principles set forth by the Washington Consensus. The result was a substantial increase in exchange rates that gave rise to an uncontrolled increase in imports, to the detriment of exports, leading to the closing of several national companies, that could not compete with foreign products, followed by a rise in unemployment. Inward foreign investment, often related to the privatization of state enterprises, was also a practice in this period, but it contributed little to the development of the two countries, that were faced with so-cial and economic deterioration throughout the decade in question.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal discutir as transformações no trabalho bancário brasileiro no período pós-crise de 2008, até 2018, no contexto da era digital do capitalismo avançado. A estratégia da investigação compreendeu uma observação participante no Banco do Brasil, na cidade de São Paulo/SP, que registrou o cotidiano do trabalho, as ações e reações de apoio ou resistência às novas formas de organização e conteúdos do trabalho e flagrou um dos maiores processos de reestruturação da história deste banco. Por meio de entrevistas, depoimentos e questionários aplicados a trabalhadores bancários que exercem distintas funções em diferentes bancos e a representantes sindicais de trabalhadores dos principais bancos do país, coletaram-se dados sobre as percepções, as opiniões e os discursos predominantes sobre os temas. O conjunto dos fenômenos estudados e suas singularidades aponta para o que seria um novo momento na trajetória do trabalho bancário. Observou-se que as tecnologias digitais, em especial as mídias sociais digitais, são responsáveis por mudanças agudas no conteúdo, na organização e nas relações do trabalho bancário. Como canais de comunicação, associados à inteligência artificial, elas modificaram a forma da interação entre empresas, trabalhadores e população. No cotidiano do trabalho, o taylorismo persiste sob essa nova base tecnológica e constrói o perfil do bancário vendedor nas plataformas digitais, um bancário digivendedor, sobre o qual o controle gerencial a intensificação do fluxo das tarefas e do cumprimento de metas encontram-se agora na própria ferramenta de trabalho. Dois fenômenos principais estão na essência dessas transformações: a ascendência da tecnologia digital como a própria plataforma de trabalho e as reestruturações que causaram uma sensível diminuição do número de postos de trabalho, a partir da adoção de novos modelos de negócios. Em paralelo, a individualização das relações de trabalho emerge nos formatos de contratação precários, na remuneração condicionada ao resultado individual e no afastamento das ações coletivas. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa mostra a formação de um sujeito neoliberal útil à reprodução da lógica do mercado por meio de elementos objetivos e subjetivos que se articulam e uma disputa de narrativas, entre o discurso do individualismo meritocrático reproduzido pelos representantes das empresas e que encontra eco em boa parte dos trabalhadores, em contraposição ao discurso do coletivismo classista reproduzido pelos sindicalistas e por outra parcela de trabalhadores. Nessa disputa, prevalece a lógica do indivíduo prestador de serviço independente, o eu-empresa, que se sobrepõe ao trabalhador pertencente a uma categoria com relações de trabalho protegidas por garantias típicas da sociedade salariada. O discurso gerencial procura r esponsabilizar cada trabalhador pelo resultado financeiro da empresa e, no limite, pela própria sobrevivência dela. Essa lógica serve de base para a justificação da individualização das relações de trabalho, que desponta em suas diversas dimensões. / This research had as main objective to discuss the transformations in the Brazilian banking work in the post-crisis period of 2008, until 2018, in the context of the digital era of advanced capitalism. The research strategy comprised a participant observation in the Bank of Brazil, in the city of São Paulo / SP, which recorded daily work, actions and reactions of support or resistance to new forms of organization and contents of work and caught one of the largest processes of restructuring this bank\'s history. Through interviews, testimonials and questionnaires applied to bank workers who perform different functions in different banks and to union representatives of workers of the main banks of the country, data were collected on perceptions, opinions and prevailing discourses on the subjects. The set of phenomena studied and their singularities points to what would be a new moment in the trajectory of bank workers. It has been observed that digital technologies, especially digital social media, are responsible for sharp changes in the content, organization and relationships of banking work. As channels of communication, associated with artificial intelligence, they modified the form of interaction between companies, workers and population. In everyday work, Taylorism persists under this new technological base and builds the profile of the salesman bank workers on the digital platforms, a \"digi-salesman\" bank workers, on which the managerial control the intensification of the flow of tasks and the fulfillment of goals are now in the tool itself. Two main phenomena are at the heart of these transformations: the ascendancy of digital technology as the work platform itself and the restructuring that caused a noticeable decrease in the number of jobs, from the adoption of new business models. In parallel, the individualization of labor relations emerges in the formats of precarious hiring, in the remuneration conditioned to the individual result and in the withdrawal of collective actions. The analysis of the research results shows the formation of a neoliberal subject useful to the reproduction of the market logic by means of objective and subjective elements that are articulated and a dispute of narratives, between the discourse of the meritocratic individualism reproduced by the representatives of the companies and that finds echo in a good part of the workers, in opposition to the discourse of class collectivism reproduced by the trade unionists and by another portion of workers. In this dispute, the logic of the independent service provider, the \"I-company\", prevails over the worker belonging to a category with labor relations protected by guarantees typical of the salaried society. The managerial discourse seeks to make each worker responsible for the financial result of the company and, in the limit, for the very survival of it. This logic serves as the basis for the justification of the individualization of labor relations, which emerges in its various dimensions.

This dissertation examines the relationship between community colleges and prisons as similar institutions that absorb and manage displaced workers, economic refugees, and dispossessed adult populations. Based on interviews with adult learners in two community college settings, I discuss how these two seemingly distinctive institutions work together to subvert individual and collective desires for self-determination through policies and pedagogies that institutionalize discouragement and emotional management. Specifically, I am concerned with what it means for working-class adults to participate in higher education in the context of precarity and incarceration-literally and figuratively. Drawing from the growing field of scholarship that underscores the consolidation of practices and interdependency between academia and incarceration (Chatterjee, Davis, 2003, 2005, Meiners, 2007, Sojoyner 2016), the contexts I have chosen for this project are two institutions where students gather each week to participate in the project of higher education. Carrying past and present traumas related to schooling, many participants viewed community college as the one remaining institution deigned to help them remake their lives. This study asks how participants made sense of their lives, choices, and sacrifices to participate in higher education and how these factors structure their expectations of what college might provide them. Utilizing critical race theory, this dissertation offers a theoretical framework pedagogy of repair, which I define as the interpretive structures and stories used by non-traditional students to make sense of their past and potential futures amidst the normative neoliberal structures of precarious labor, vulnerability, social abandonment and debt.

Este trabalho pretende demonstrar que nas democracias modernas, diante das exigências do neoliberalismo, a liberdade de imprensa estaria sofrendo um processo de ressignificação. Atualmente é possível dizer que a liberdade de imprensa aproxima-se do seu simulacro, afastando-se definitivamente do seu sentido original, político, de transformação e denúncia. O espaço mais importante é o da comercialização, é o da circulação do produto-notícia. São extraídas da liberdade de imprensa suas qualidades dinâmicas, transformando-a em mais um adorno publicitário, utilizado para a conquista de leitores e de anunciantes. Uma vez reconhecido como valor ético e recuperada a dinâmica própria do conceito, a liberdade de imprensa pode novamente posicionar-se na defesa dos direitos do cidadão. / This work intends to demonstrate that in the modern democracies, ahead of the requirements of the neoliberalism, the press freedom would be suffering a process from resignificance. Currently it is possible to say that the press freedom comes close to its simulacrum, moving away itself definitively from its original direction, politician, of transformation and denunciation. The space most important is of the commercialization, it is of the circulation of the product-notice. Its dynamic qualities are extracted of the press freedom, transforming it into plus an adornment advertising executive, used for the conquest of readers and advertiser. A recognized time as value ethical and recouped the proper dynamics of the concept, the press freedom can again be located in the defense of the rights of the citizen.

Este trabalho consiste numa análise do currículo de geografia vigente para o ensino fundamental II no estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de refletir sobre a construção da geografia escolar inserida no documento da Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi direcionada para uma investigação do currículo de geografia, contextualizado nas transformações na educação brasileira e paulista, dentro de uma perspectiva neoliberal. Com isso, foi feita uma análise das teorias curriculares, dentro de um debate que incluiu as diversas concepções de currículo, da geografia e seu ensino, objetivando compreender a perspectiva teórico-metodológica inserida no documento, além da compreensão de sua gênese e as implicações contidas no processo político-educativo em relação a esse novo currículo. A partir dessa proposta, observamos que o ensino de geografia é imposto as comunidades escolares, com concepções contraditórias, voltadas para uma educação orientada por organismos multilaterais como o Banco Mundial, trazendo um ensino e aprendizagem baseados no indivíduo, numa perspectiva empresarial de educação, ocultando e descaracterizando fundamentos essenciais para uma organização curricular que valorize ações que privilegiem realmente o papel do homem como sujeito histórico. / This work is an analysis of the current geography curriculum for Basic School in São Paulo state, in order to reflect on the construction of school geography included in the document \"Proposta Curricular do Estado São Paulo.\" The research has directed towards an investigation of the geography curriculum, contextual changes in education in Brazil and Sao Paulo within a neoliberal perspective. With this, an analysis of curriculum theories, in a debate which included the various conceptions of curriculum, and teaching of geography in order to understand the theoretical-methodological inserted into the document, beyond the understanding of its genesis and implications contained political-educational process in relation to this new curriculum. On this basis, weve observed that the teaching of geography is imposed school communities, with contradictory views, facing an education guided by multilateral agencies like the World Bank, bringing a teaching and learning based on individual education from a business perspective, hiding and characterizing the essential foundations for a curriculum that values actions that actually favor the role of man as a historical subject.

This thesis examines the punk genre's evolution into commercial mainstream music in Spain and Mexico. It looks at how this evolution altered both the aesthetic and gesture of the genre. This evolution can be seen by examining four bands that followed similar musical and commercial trajectories. In Spain, Kaka de Luxe and Radio Futura; in Mexico, Size and Ritmo Peligroso. Since punk music's gesture is both visceral and political, various methods of suppressing or containing the punk gesture arise. For both Spain and Mexico, containing the punk gesture was a matter of government censorship in the early years of punk. By the late 1980s, neoliberalism, global tastes, and capitalist interests controlled the punk gesture more than governmental crackdown. The thesis concludes that while the punk gesture was contained for both political and economic reasons during the 1980s, the resurgence of the punk gesture in the 1990s is evidence of the genre's resilience in a capitalist and hegemonic environment.

Political decisions about higher education and organizational decision-making within higher educational institutions reflect the acceptance of academic capitalist discourse, placing financial burdens on students, stress upon faculty, and the obliteration of trust between faculty and administration. In this critical layered narrative account, a tenure-track faculty member examines the impacts and influences of academic capitalism, including how this neoliberal discourse disregards the idea of higher education as a public good, creates an atmosphere of fear among faculty, and affects faculty-student relationships. This account illustrates how academic capitalism, with its emphasis on money and power, influenced decisions regarding a partnership with a software company, and of course, a rebooted football program.

Television drama is a crucial site where notions of gender, as well as other cultural issues, are formed. Since 2010, the Chinese television industry has shown a growing interest in representing feminism-inflected content, most evident in cashing in on serials centering on a strong female character. These women-centric dramas mark a departure from previous constructions of gender, women, and feminism due to their narrative centrality of women, portrayal of strong female leads, expansion of women’s spheres of action, and endorsement of female power and independence. This dissertation explores the phenomenon, examining what feminist discourses are being represented by juxtaposing them with the social context of gender in China and interrogating how they are shaped by industrial practices. The factors at play in the serial production that have surfaced in this study mainly include female television professionals, textual and narrative conventions, considerations of audience profile, and party-state cultural leadership. Based on textual analysis and interviews with professionals associated with several representative women-centric television dramas, this dissertation found that these social and industrial forces collaboratively shaped the feminist discourses into various forms including the post-feminist and neoliberal feminist tendency, a common-ground form of feminism shared by various sections of society, and a vision of gender that combines traditional feminine roles and a powerful presence in the public sphere. The research raises issues about the role of the television industry in cultivating public understandings of feminism and the relationship between televisual forms of feminism and feminist politics.