Questions have been raised as to whether the patterns of thoughts and behaviours experienced by individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) can be indicative of comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The current study aimed to compare the experiences of adults with ASD or OCD and healthy controls (HC) in terms of the symptoms experienced and the associated emotions and responses. Associations between autistic traits and OCD severity were explored. A cross-sectional design utilising MANOVA, ANOVA and correlation was employed. Methods: Eighteen participants with ASD, 20 with OCD and 19 healthy controls completed self-report measures and interviews assessing IQ, comorbid diagnoses, OCD symptoms, autistic traits and emotions and responses associated with obsessional thoughts. Participants with ASD scored significantly higher than healthy controls in terms of OCD severity and also number of obsessions and compulsions and associated distress. While the OCD and ASD groups did not differ significantly on OCD severity, the OCD group reported significantly higher levels of sadness, worry, shame, guilt and disapproval triggered by obsessions. The ASD and healthy control groups were largely comparable on these factors. Associations were found between OCD severity and particular domains which are typically impaired in ASD, including social skills, attention switching, communication and imagination. Findings suggest that OCD symptoms may be common and a source of distress in individuals with ASD, thus perhaps warranting psychological intervention. Further research into the exact nature of this distress and how this can be assessed is required.

The relative strength of both neuroticism and affect in predicting common physical symptoms was tested. An event-sampling design was used to overcome methodological limitations of past research in the area. Contrary to much previous research, neuroticism was not related to reports of physical symptoms, although it was related to unpleasant affect. Unpleasant affect bore a strong concurrent relation to the frequency of reported symptoms. Temporal relations between experiences of unpleasant affect and subsequent symptoms were found for some individuals, but wide individual variability was seen in both the strength and direction of this linkage. The findings suggest that when individuals are asked to report their subjective experiences of physical illness without the necessity to retrospect over significant periods of time, unpleasant affect is more strongly related to experience of symptoms than is neuroticism.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [450]-480).

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1945.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1945.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 21, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia Clínica, 2008. / Submitted by Ângela Christina (angelchris@bce.unb.br) on 2009-05-11T18:54:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MarceloDuartePorto_parcial.pdf: 567823 bytes, checksum: b3c94a267ec0a8cb33af304f8ab742dc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2009-05-12T13:44:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MarceloDuartePorto_parcial.pdf: 567823 bytes, checksum: b3c94a267ec0a8cb33af304f8ab742dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-05-12T13:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_MarceloDuartePorto_parcial.pdf: 567823 bytes, checksum: b3c94a267ec0a8cb33af304f8ab742dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-05 / Este trabalho realiza uma intersecção entre a psicanálise de Freud (1856-1939) e a literatura do carioca Nelson Rodrigues (1915-1980). O objetivo principal é proceder a uma análise da obra rodriguiana com fins a demonstrar a presença do Supereu na canalhice e na neurose buscando compreender as idiossincrasias do mal-estar na cultura no Brasil. As funções do Supereu (auto-observação, consciência moral e formação de ideais) transformam-se de acordo com o contexto histórico e sociocultural. Isso evidencia a necessidade de situar o conceito freudiano na realidade brasileira. A construção histórica do país criou formas próprias de colocar o embate entre o desejo e a censura. A ficção rodriguiana é rica para a elucidação da problemática moral superegóica. Recorrendo a personagens, situações ou motivos que colocam o conflito como uma estrutura sempre presente na existência, o dramaturgo carioca construiu um abrangente mapeamento da moral na sociedade brasileira. Devido aos temas tabus e polêmicos que abordou, ele se classificava como criador de um teatro desagradável . Nelson teceu críticas à renúncia pulsional nos tempos modernos que gera a apatia e a autocoerção, típicas da neurose obsessiva. Freud postula que a criação literária pode atuar sobre o Supereu de modo a proporcionar um destino sublimado para a pulsão, diferenciado do sintoma. As forças que impelem os artistas a criar são os mesmos conflitos que, em outras pessoas, levam à neurose e incentivam a sociedade a construir suas instituições. Um dos objetivos do artista é libertar-se por meio da comunicação de sua obra a outro que sofra de conflito semelhante e proporcionar-lhe, também, alguma libertação. Pensamos que, por meio de sua criação literária, Nelson Rodrigues conseguiu uma alternativa para o adoecimento psíquico que o espreitava, pois, a constelação trágica de sua vida, os sofrimentos na carne e na alma, poderiam ter desencadeado psicopatologias incapacitadoras. Seu talento representa uma simbolização para o escarafunchar.na lama humana recalcada diante de forças moralizantes.Concluise que a ironia fina rodriguiana foi audaciosa em cunhar poeticamente aquilo que representa o óbvio ululante da canalhice no Brasil bem como sua possível redenção. Temas que, ao lado da cafajestagem, do cinismo, da remissão e do arrependimento, povoam o cotidiano da clínica e ficaram patentes na obra do dramaturgo. Ele redimensiona o universal, impregnando-o daquilo que podemos chamar de brasilidade. Assim, ele demonstra que tais temas constituem especificidades do nosso mal-estar na cultura. Nelson muito nos ensina sobre o campo clínico, pois aponta possibilidades criativas para o animal humano, que, muitas vezes, tem que se abismar em seu próprio horror para sair de lá um pouco menos cego. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This work does an intersection between Freud s psychoanalysis (1856-1939) and the literature by the carioca Nelson Rodrigues (1915-1980). The main purpose is to carry on the analyses of Rodriguean work to demonstrate the presence of superego on the lowness and the neurosis trying to understand the idiosyncrasies of ailment in Brazil culture. The superego functions (auto-observation, moral consciousness and idea formation) change according to historical and socio-cultural contexts. This shows the need to establish the Freudian concept at the Brazilian reality. The country historical construction built its own ways to express the conflict between the desire and the censure. The Rodriguean fiction is rich to solve the moral problem of the superego. The carioca writer did a large moral scheme of Brazilian society using characters, situations or motives which states the conflict between the desire and censure as an always present structure in the existence. He considered himself as the creator of an unpleasant work due to the themes and polemic taboos he wrote. Nelson criticized the drive frustration at modern times resulting the apathy and auto-coercion which are typical of the obsessive neurosis. Freud postulates that the literary creation may act on the superego in a way to provide a sublimed destiny to the drive, differentiated from the symptom. The forces which impel the artists to create are the same forces which in other people change into neurosis and give incentive to the society to build its institutions. The artist s main objective is to free himself by his work communication with others who suffer from the same conflicts and provide them some freedom, too. By his literary creation, Nelson Rodrigues got an alternative for the psycho illness which desired to infect him, because the tragedies of his life, the flesh and soul suffering could have started some psychopathologies. His talent represents a symbolization to dig at the human mud repressed by moralizing forces. It may be concluded that the fine Rodriguean irony was audacious in doing poetically what represents the ululant obviousness of lowness in Brazil as well as its possible redemption. Themes that together with lowness, cynicism, remission and regret are present at the clinic daily and they were evident at the writer s work. He redoes the universal filling it with what we can call brasility . Thus, he demonstrates that such themes constitute specificities of our ailment in the culture. Nelson teaches a lot about the clinical field, therefore he points out creative possibilities to the human animal, who, many times, has to sink into its own horror to get out of there a little less blind.

No description available.

Orientador: Osmyr Faria Gabbi Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:03:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_GustavoCosta_M.pdf: 1493541 bytes, checksum: 2994a4ceaea4eb821f9f81ce41fe6b27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Nosso trabalho se propõe a reconstituir percurso teórico inicial de Freud na construção de uma teoria psicológica das neuroses, partindo de suas abordagens da histeria, ainda sob a forte influência de Charcot, até as primeiras concepções metapsicológicas. Inicialmente, tentamos mostrar a influência das questões de ordem clínica, teórica e metodológica levantadas por Charcot na orientação da démarche freudiana pelo terreno da psicopatologia. Em um segundo momento, investigamos a colaboração teórica entre Freud e Breuer, procurando apontar o paulatino reposicionamento do mestre de Viena, que viria a conferir contornos próprios à sua teoria das neuroses. Por último, após uma abordagem do Projeto de uma Psicologia, procuramos captar os movimentos teóricos que se refletem na correspondência de Freud a Fliess e em alguns textos pós-1895, intentando iluminar as alterações que o modelo do aparelho psíquico apresentado naquele texto metapsicológico veio a sofrer no sentido de superar alguns impasses ¿ aos quais bem podem ser imputadas as razões de sua não publicação imediata ¿ e que desembocarão na constituição de conceitos fundamentais como o de fantasia, complexo de Édipo e sexualidade infantil / Abstract: Our work has as purpose to restore Freud¿s initial theoretical course in the construction of a psychological theory of neuroses, starting from his approaches on hysteria, still under strong influence of Charcot, to the first metapsychological concepts. First, we tried to show the influence of clinical, theoretical and methodological issues arisen by Charcot in the orientation of the Freudian démarche through the grounds of psychopathology. Then, we examined the theoretical collaboration between Freud and Breuer, aiming to stress the slow repositioning of the master of Vienna, who would provide his theory on neuroses with its own shapes. Finally, after an approach of Projeto de uma Psicologia (Project of a Psychology), we intended to capture the theoretical movements shown in the Freud-Fliess letters and some post-1895 texts, with the purpose to light up the changes that the model of the psychic structure presented in that metapsychological text has suffered in order to overcome some deadlocks ¿ which can be the reasons for their non-immediate publication ¿ and which would lead to the creation of fundamental concepts such as fantasy, Oedipus complex and infantile sexuality / Mestrado / Epistemologia da Psicanalise / Mestre em Filosofia