The large growing number of the population of the new immigrant women¡¦s children gives rise to the wide spread attention of the social and education researchers to their studying performance and life-adjustment. This study adopts content analysis method to analyze and sort the 101 studies of MA theses and PhD dissertations during 2001-2006. The purpose of this study is to understand the content of the past studies about the new immigrant women¡¦s children, including the trend, the object, the subject, the approach, the region and the result. Furthermore, standing on the conclusion, this study would give some suggestions to the governments and related organizations. There are several main conclusions and suggestions as follows: 1.Conclusions (1)The objects and the study approaches of these studies have more variety than before. (2)The number of the object of the studies about the new immigrant women¡¦s children and their parents is more than others. (3)The subject of the studies about life-adjustment of the new immigrant women¡¦s children¡¦s is more than others. (4)Conducting the quantification study approach is more favorable than other choices. (5)The number of the studies in south of Taiwan is a little more than the north of Taiwan and much more than other regions of Taiwan. (6)The conclusions of 101 studies are positive in terms of self-concept, life-adjustment and interpersonal relationship. However, these studies still don¡¦t have any final conclusion of studying performance and development of new immigrant women¡¦s children. 2.Suggestions (1)The government should advocate the concept of the multi-culture education more often. (2)School should set up the policy to revise the student number in each class. Teachers should establish the good communication network to promote the interaction between the teachers and the parents of new immigrant women¡¦s children positively. (3)In the future, the further studies would be expected to publish the object of the teachers, the comparative studies about foreign and Taiwanese students, and the study regions might focus on middle and eastern of Taiwan.

Because of shifting demographics, the Taiwanese government opened the country to immigrants from Southeast Asia. Foreign-born brides of Taiwanese men have contributed significantly to this trend of new immigration, inspiring fears that their children, inadequately prepared for the literacy requirements of early education, might negatively impact the educational system and society. to better understand the socio-political implications of this cultural shift, the researcher gathered data from one hundred and twenty immigrant and native families with first graders in six major cities in Taiwan. Purposes of this research are to: (a) investigate to what extent, if any parenting style is impacted by differences in immigration status between native Taiwanese and Southeast Asian immigrant mothers, (b) examine to what extent, if any maternal parenting styles relate to children’s early literacy, and (c) determine to what extent, if any maternal parenting styles along with the children’s and familial characteristics associate with children’s early literacy. the study found that (a) immigrant mothers are statistically lower on authoritative and higher on permissive parenting style than native mothers; (b) immigrant mothers’ participation in integration programs does not relate to maternal parenting styles or children’s literacy performances; (c) children from immigrant families are significantly lower than their peers from native families on receptive vocabulary and phonological awareness; (d) children from higher income families perform better on receptive vocabulary than their lower income peers; (e) children whose mothers are senior high school graduates achieve significantly better on literacy skills than others. Furthermore, children of mothers with higher education perform better on receptive vocabulary than those whose mothers have lower education levels; (f) there was little relationship between children’s literacy development and the three maternal parenting styles; (g) age and gender are the most significant predictors of children’s literacy development. the limited influence of parenting styles on childhood literacy may be attributed to cultural differences. Parenting styles theory and instrumentation emerged from Western research and parenting expectations. Translations, both linguistic and cultural, may be imperfect once grafted onto Taiwanese society. Further complications potentially arise when foreign-born women carry their own varied cultural expectations and start families in an unfamiliar society. This research would suggest that government-sponsored programs could address the demographic inequalities which characterize this segment of Taiwanese society.

無 / According to Taiwanese official data in 2008, there are estimated 450,000 new immigrant women came to Taiwan for marriage; who are usually called “foreign brides.” Most new immigrant women come from Mainland China and Southeast Asia, and they have become the fifth largest ethnic group in Taiwan in the past decade. However, new immigrants are the vulnerable and disadvantageous minority groups in Taiwan’s society. They have often been ill-treated and suffered social discrimination; thus creates many social problems. New immigrant protection Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), with their dedication, passion, and flexibility, help resolve numerous plights and problems for new immigrants. Another emphasis of this study focuses on the NGO’s campaign for anti-human trafficking in Taiwan. Human trafficking is a serious and intolerable crime which the efforts of countries worldwide to combat human trafficking are watched and evaluated by U.S. In June 2008, the U.S. State Department announced the Trafficking in Persons Report 2008; in which Taiwan was ranked “Tier 2,” indicating that more anti-trafficking efforts need to be made. NGOs around the world are engaged in combating human trafficking in variety activities including prevention, prosecution, protection, rescues/raids, reintegration, and repatriation. NGOs often work with few resources yet can be effective in complimenting the activities of governments, or even taking the place of government efforts. To combat human trafficking, Taiwanese NGO such as Taipei Women’s Rescue Foundation is inquired by international NGOs about Taiwanese government’s strategy. The roles of NGOs in resolving social problems are getting stronger and thus can not be ignored. Through literature review and in-depth interviews, this paper addresses and examines several issues on new immigrant women and human trafficking in Taiwan; also, how new immigrant protection NGOs in Taiwan deal with those issues is discussed.

Past studies often find that, upon arrival U.S. immigrants generally have favorable health profiles than native-born persons, but their health deteriorates with prolonged stay. The classical explanations of this phenomenon are healthy immigrant selection and negative acculturation. With the number of foreign-born people living in the United States reaching an all-time high, the health and financial costs of this “negative acculturation” is substantial. Meanwhile, the negative duration effect on health is contradictory to expectations from classic assimilation theory and what has been observed by labor economists. This study aims to empirically study the effect of duration on immigrant health, with particular attention given to how socioeconomic status differentiates the duration-health relationship. Results based on two national datasets confirmed that immigrants, especially recent arrivals, have a considerably lower risk of worse health relative to native-born adults. I also found that socioeconomic status plays an essential role in the varying level of initial health selectivity among immigrants. The analysis of the interaction effect between duration and SES reveals that duration effects on health vary significantly by socioeconomic status. High SES immigrants tend to experience a non-negative duration effect regardless of their length of U.S. residence, while immigrants with lower socioeconomic standing are more likely to experience a negative duration effect on health with longer duration. Moreover, this study also shows that the initial foreign-born advantages in health are typically larger for persons with low SES than for persons with high SES. However, little evidence suggests there is a health convergence between long-term immigrants and their native-born counterparts with similar socioeconomic status. Potential explanations and implications of these findings are also discussed. / text

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本研究旨在瞭解新住民家庭青少年台灣族群認同、母親原生國族群認同與自尊在不同人口背景變項上的差異，並探討三者間的關係。 本研究採取問卷調查法，以新北市板橋區、新莊區、三重區為範圍，共抽取八所公立國中之全數新住民家庭青少年為研究對象，最後獲得496名有效樣本。研究者以「台灣族群認同量表」、「母親原生國族群認同量表」、「自尊量表」等為研究工具，經資料分析後本研究之結果如下： 一、新住民家庭青少年對於台灣的族群認同與母親原生國的族群認同感，以及在自尊的表現上皆達到中上程度。 二、新住民家庭青少年對台灣的族群認同顯著高於對母親原生國家的族群認同。 三、新住民家庭青少年的台灣族群認同與人口變項有密切關係： （一）「是否與母親同住」會影響整體的台灣族群認同感、台灣族群歸屬感與台灣族群態度。未與母親同住者的整體台灣族群認同感、台灣族群歸屬感與台灣族群態度顯著高於有與母親同住者。 （二）「母親教育程度」、「父母親總收入」會影響台灣族群知覺。母親教育程度高中以上者的台灣族群知覺程度顯著高於母親教育程度國中以下者；父母親總收入高於四萬元者，其台灣族群知覺程度顯著高於父母親總收入四萬元以下者。 （三）「父親教育程度」會影響台灣族群歸屬感。父親教育程度高中以上者對台灣的族群歸屬感顯著高於父親教育程度國中以下者。 四、新住民家庭青少年的母親原生國族群認同與人口變項有密切關係： （一）「年級」會影響整體母親原生國族群認同、族群歸屬感、族群態度與族群投入。就讀於七年級與八年級者在整體母親原生國族群認同、族群歸屬感、族群態度與族群投入的程度皆顯著高於就讀九年級者。 （二）「是否與母親同住」會影響整體母親原生國族群認同、族群知覺、族群態度以及族群投入。有與母親同住者，其整體母親原生國族群認同、族群知覺、族群態度以及族群投入的程度皆顯著高於未與母親同住者。 （三）「父、母親教育程度」皆會影響對母親原生國的族群知覺。父、母親教育程度為高中以上者，其母親原生國族群知覺的表現顯著高於教育程度國中以下者。 （四）「自覺家庭經濟條件」會影響母親原生國的族群投入。自認為家中經濟條件與其他家庭差不多者在母親原生國的族群投入上顯著高於自覺家中經濟低於其他家庭者。 五、新住民家庭青少年的自尊與人口變項有密切關係：「是否與母親同住」、「父母親總收入」，以及「自覺家庭經濟條件」會影響自尊。有與母親同住者、父母親總收入高於四萬元者、自覺家庭經濟優於其他家庭以及自覺與其他家庭差不多者，其自尊會比未與母親同住、父母親總收入四萬元以下者、自覺家中經濟劣於其他家庭的新住民家庭青少年顯著更高。 六、新住民家庭青少年之「台灣族群認同」、「母親原生國族群認同」、以及「台灣與母親原生國族群認同間的落差」皆與自尊達到顯著相關。 七、新住民家庭青少年「自覺家庭經濟條件」、「台灣族群認同」、「母親原生國族群認同」對自尊具有解釋力。 　　最後，根據本研究之研究結果，提出對教育策略、政策規劃、實務工作者以及未來相關研究之具體建議。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among ethnic identity and self-esteem of the adolescents from new immigrant families in Taiwan. Three questionnaires -“Ethnic Identity toward Taiwan Scale”, “Ethnic Identity toward Nation of Immigrant Mother Scale”, and “Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale”- were applied for data collection. There were 496 subjects selected from 8 junior high school in Banqiao, Xinzhuang, Sanchong District in New Taipei City. The findings of this study were as follow: 1. For the adolescents from new immigrant families, the ethnic identity toward Taiwan and their immigrant mother’s nation and the self-esteem were all above the average. 2. For the adolescents from new immigrant families, the ethnic identity toward Taiwan were higher than ethnic identity toward their immigrant mother’s nation. 3. There were significant relationship between ethnic identity toward Taiwan and demographic variables in the adolescents from new immigrant families as follow: (1) “Residence with immigrant mother” had significant relationship with the ethnic identity toward Taiwan, ethnic sense of belonging toward Taiwan, and ethnic attitude toward Taiwan. (2) “Educational level of immigrant mother” and “Total income of parents” had significant relationship with the ethnic awareness of Taiwan. (3) “Educational level of father” had significant relationship with the ethnic sense of belonging toward Taiwan. 4. There were significant relationship between ethnic identity toward nation of immigrant mother and demographic variables in the adolescents from new immigrant families as follow: (1) “Grade of adolescents” had significant relationship with the ethnic identity toward nation of immigrant mother, ethnic sense of belonging toward nation of immigrant mother, ethnic attitude toward nation of immigrant mother, and ethnic involvement of nation of immigrant mother. (2) “Residence with immigrant mother” had significant relationship with the ethnic identity toward nation of immigrant mother, ethnic awareness of nation of immigrant mother, ethnic attitude toward nation of immigrant mother, and ethnic involvement of nation of immigrant mother. (3) “Educational level of father and immigrant mother” had significant relationship with the ethnic awareness of nation of immigrant mother. (4) “Economical condition of family” had significant relationship with the ethnic involvement of nation of immigrant mother. 5. There were significant relationship between self-esteem and demographic variables in the adolescents from new immigrant families. “Residence with immigrant mother”, “Total income of parents”, and “Economical condition of family” had significant relationship with their self-esteem. 6. There were significant correlation between “ethnic identity toward Taiwan”, “ethnic identity toward nation of immigrant mother”, and “difference of ethnic identity toward Taiwan and nation of immigrant mother” and their self-esteem. 7. “Economical condition of family”, “ethnic identity toward Taiwan”, and “ethnic identity toward nation of immigrant mother” were elements significantly affected self-esteem. According to above findings, I offered some suggestions to education, policy, and social work administration and other researchers in the nearly future.

本研究目的係為探討新移民母親參與親子共讀團體後，其在自我認同、親子關係，以及對家庭關係上之變化。本研究採質性為主，量化為輔的方法。質性研究以深度訪談和參與觀察方式；量化研究以前-後測之親子共讀問卷瞭解新移民母親在分數上的變化。九位受訪者以立意和滾雪球抽樣取得。主要研究結果如下： 在「原生家庭對新移民女性在教養子女的影響」方面：新移民女性作為孩子的主要照顧者，並非為全職家務工作者，且新移民女性與台灣先生、夫家和原生娘家的相處情形，會受到原生家庭中母親與父親及上一代公婆、娘家的互動模式影響；在「自我認同的轉變」方面：新移民女性渴望得到來自夫家或社會的認同，因此，她們對於養育或管教子女的自我要求極為嚴苛，孩子的成就代表她們人生的成功。並用真誠信任且開放的態度去面對團體中的領導者、協同領導者和其他團體成員時，其越能得到較多的社會支持與正向感受；在「提昇親子關係」方面，從質化與量化加以說明：質化方面：當新移民親子溝通和互動關係變好，在教養上就會順利許多。量化方面：研究採個人之自我分數對照方式，深入瞭解每位受訪者的改變。在「家庭關係和諧」方面：先生非常支持太太上課學習，並願意建立有效夫妻溝通模式，此也影響新移民女性跟夫家和娘家的互動關係。 最後，針對新移民女性及家庭的需求對實務工作、服務體系及未來研究等三方面提出相關建議，作為未來實務工作、政策制定以及研究之參考。 / Abstract The research discusses the change of self-recognition, parent-child relationship, and family relationship after new immigrant mothers join in the parent-child reading group. This qualitative research, deep interview and observation, is assisted with quantitative method, pre- and post- test parent-child reading questionnaire to understand the score changing of new immigrant mothers. 9 respondents were selected from judgment and snowball sampling. The main results are as follows: In the aspect of “the influence of original family on the new immigrant female when raising child”: new immigrant female is the main care taker of the child, not full time house chores doer. Also, the living situation of the new immigrant female with their husband, in-laws, and original family is affected by the interaction between their parents from the original family and the in-laws and the original family of last generation. In the aspect of “the changing of self-recognition”: new immigrant female long for recognition from the husband’s family or the society. Therefore, they are hard on themselves in raising or disciplining the child. The achievement of the child is their life success. When they face the leader, the co-leader, and other group members with sincere, trust, and open attitude, they can have more positive social support and feeling. We explain the aspect of “increasing parent-child relationship” qualitatively and quantitatively. In qualitatively, when the communication and interaction between the parent and child of the new immigrant is better, the raising and teaching will be smoother. In quantitatively, the research contrast personal scores and deeply understand the changing of each respondent. In the aspect of “family harmony”: the husband supports the wife to learn and is willing to build effectively couple communication model, which has also influence the interaction of the new immigrant female with the in-laws and the original family. Finally, we propose related suggestions on the need of the new immigrant female and the family in the aspects of practical works, service system, and future research as the reference for future practical work, policy stipulation, and research.

This study investigated Taiwanese preschool teachers' awareness of cultural diversity of new immigrant children and how this awareness influences their educational practices. In particular, this study focused on the cultural awareness of preschool teachers who work with young Taiwanese children whose mothers are immigrants from Southeast Asia. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods. One hundred seventy-two Taiwanese preschool teachers from the different geographic areas of Taiwan participated in the study. Data were collected through the use of the Cultural Diversity Awareness Inventory (CDAI) survey and participant interviews. Research results of the study revealed: (a) most Taiwanese preschool teachers had an awareness of cultural diversity, but their perceptions of how to create a multicultural environment need to be improved; (b) Taiwanese preschool teachers' personal experiences with children from different cultures were more associated with their cultural awareness than their ages and educational levels; (c) Geographic location was the factor affecting preschool teachers' awareness of cultural diversity and educational practices. This study is informative to the understanding of Taiwanese preschool teachers' awareness of cultural diversity and the implications of this awareness for classroom practice. In addition, multicultural perspectives of the Taiwan society toward immigrant families and children can benefit from the findings of this study. Future research should include the cultural needs of new immigrant children and the implementation of practices for educating new immigrant children.

由於國小新移民學童的逐年增加，研究新移民學童的學習情況有其必要性。本研究主旨在專門調查中台灣一所國民小學新移民學童的英語學習狀況。研究主要在探討：(1)新移民學童的英語學習成就；(2)新移民學童的英語學習態度；(3)新移民學童的英語學習成就與其英語學習態度之關係；(4)新移民學童學習英語所面臨的挑戰；(5)新移民學童對自己英語學習的看法；以及(6)教學現場的英語教師對新移民學童英語學習的看法。 本研究的研究對象為十四名五、六年級的新移民學童，並以六十名台灣學童做為比照。研究比較七十四名學童的英語成績，且所有七十四名學童完成一份英語學習態度量表。十四名新移民學童則參與一次訪談，兩名教學現場的英語教師也經歷一次訪談。研究所收集的資料經統計分析及質性分析後，所得的結果如下：(1)大部分新移民學童的英語學習成就不佳；(2)大部分新移民學童英語學習態度是正面的；(3) 新移民學童的英語學習成就與其英語學習態度並無相關性；(4)新移民學童面臨的英語學習挑戰不少，包括他們對不同英語老師的教學風格的適應能力、他們上英語課時產生的焦慮感及緊張感、他們不易牢記英語生字、他們不會寫英語作業、他們沒有辦法去上英語補習班等；(5)新移民學童大部分對自己的英語學習持樂觀看法；(6)英語教師對新移民學童的英語學習則持較悲觀看法。 根據本研究的發現，研究者在本研究報告最後提出數點建議及未來相關研究的研究方向。 / With the increasing of New Immigrant Children in elementary schools, studies to understand New Immigrant Children’s learning conditions become imperative. The purpose of this study was to investigate New Immigrant Children’s English learning conditions in an elementary school in central Taiwan. The study focused on exploring: (1) New Immigrant Children’s English learning achievement; (2) New Immigrant Children’s English learning attitudes; (3) The relationship between New Immigrant Children’s English learning achievement and their learning attitudes; (4) New Immigrant Children’s English learning challenges; (5) New Immigrant Children’s own perspectives about their English learning; (6) English teachers’ perspectives about New Immigrant Children’s English learning. The participants in this study included 14 New Immigrant Children in fifth and sixth grades, with 60 Taiwanese Children working as comparison. These 74 children’s English scores were compared, and they all responded to an English learning attitude scale. The 14 New Immigrant Children then underwent a group interview. Two English teachers were also interviewed. The data collected were then analyzed with statistical and qualitative analyses. The following results were drawn: (1) Most New Immigrant Children were English low-achievers; (2) New Immigrant Children’s English learning attitudes were generally positive; (3) No correlation was found between New Immigrant Children’s English learning achievement and their learning attitudes; (4) New Immigrant Children faced several challenges in learning English, including their adaption to different English teachers’ teaching styles, their feelings of anxiety and nervosity during English classes, their problems to memorize new words and do English homework, their not being able to go to English cram-schools, etc.; (5) New Immigrant Children in general were optimistic about their English learning; (6) English teachers in general were pessimistic about New Immigrant Children’s English learning. Based on the findings of this study, some implications were provided and several suggestions for further studies were offered at the end of the report.

This study was designed to investigate the impact of family cultural capital on reading motivation and reading behavior among new immigrant children and non-immigrant children. This research used Chang and Wang's family cultural capital, reading motivation, and reading behavior questionnaire to conduct the survey. The target population of this study was students enrolled in fifth grade and sixth grade in elementary school in the fall of 2017 in Tainan, Taiwan. The sample include 414 students from new immigrant families and 422 students from non-immigrant families; the total number of individuals was 837. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analytical procedures were performed to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate that the seven latent variables were related to each other directly or indirectly. The main findings of this study are as follows: 1) family socioeconomic status significantly affects students' acquisition of family cultural capital; 2) family reading habits significantly affect students' reading motivation; 3) intrinsic reading motivation significantly affects students' reading behavior; and 4) external reading motivation shows no direct significant effect on reading time or the number of items read.