This study aims to answer the question of what is the main role of journalists in foreign news reporting, do they objectively inform the public as independent professionals or only serve to the national interest while they are reporting the Greece - related news? In other words, this study aims to reveal whether Turkish mainstream journalist repeat the official discourse which determines the national interest or they digress from the official discourse and form their own discourse in stead while they are reporting the Greece related news. In order to achieve these goals the Greece related news published between 1994 and 2000 in three Turkish mainstream newspapers, namely Milliyet, Sabah, and H&uuml / rriyet, have been analyzed by using a method adapted from Teun Van Dijk&rsquo / s discourse analysis. The study confirms that Turkish mainstream journalists are generally observed to prefer defending &ldquo / national interest&rdquo / defined by the elites to defending &ldquo / public interest&rdquo / which is a more civic concept when reporting Greece-related events between the years 1994 and 2000, and they were also tend to repeat the official discourse and abstained from digressing from it. Therefore, their discourse which is repetition of the official Turkish foreign political discourse caused them not to keep critical stance on Turkish foreign policy.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Media Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / For years traditional and digital media have played an essential role of disseminating news and information to keep their target audience always updated about what is happening nationally and internationally. News consumption has globally been experiencing enormous deviations due to advancements in technology. In this context, the study examined and analysed news consumption patterns among the rural youth living in Limpopo Province South Africa. The study employed a sequential mixed research method. A self-administered questionnaire and semi-structured personal interview were used to collect data from youth aged between 18-34 years. A sample of 320 youth participated in the study, with 300 in quantitative and 20 in qualitative methods of research used to gather data for the study. Youth participants were randomly selected using convenience non-probability sampling. The data collected through a questionnaire were analysed using the Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, inferential and descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analysed and interpreted considering diverse themes, sub-themes and common statements. The study results revealed that most youth highly preferred to access and consume news through online media more than television and newspapers because digital media are cheap, easily accessible and affordable. The findings further indicated that most youth highly preferred to consume news through television channels such as ETV because it is a credible and reliable source of news. It is highlighted in the results that most youth preferred to consume entertainment news more than business, political and sport news because they find the former interesting and relaxing. Also, most youth did prefer to discuss entertainment news with family members and friends and that there are positive relationships between media credibility and news consumption which tend to influence family and friends’ news discussions. In a nutshell, the findings of this study further suggest a philosophical change in news consumption patterns among South African youth and the operation of media industries. However, the study recommends that most media houses need to broadcast and publish business and political news that are more relevant, accurate and objective for most youth to consume proficiently. Keywords: News media consumption, news discourse, youth, media credibility, new and traditional media.

Ce travail a pour objet l’étude de deux méthodes de fouille automatique de textes, l’extraction d’informations et la textométrie, toutes deux mises au service de la veille stratégique des événements économiques. Pour l’extraction d’informations, il s’agit d’identifier et d’étiqueter des unités de connaissances, entités nommées — sociétés, lieux, personnes, qui servent de points d’entrée pour les analyses d’activités ou d’événements économiques — fusions, faillites, partenariats, impliquant ces différents acteurs. La méthode textométrique, en revanche, met en œuvre un ensemble de modèles statistiques permettant l’analyse des distributions de mots dans de vastes corpus, afin faire émerger les caractéristiques significatives des données textuelles. Dans cette recherche, la textométrie, traditionnellement considérée comme étant incompatible avec la fouille par l’extraction, est substituée à cette dernière pour obtenir des informations sur des événements économiques dans le discours. Plusieurs analyses textométriques (spécificités et cooccurrences) sont donc menées sur un corpus de flux de presse numérisé. On étudie ensuite les résultats obtenus grâce à la textométrie en vue de les comparer aux connaissances mises en évidence au moyen d’une procédure d’extraction d’informations. On constate que chacune des approches contribuent différemment au traitement des données textuelles, produisant toutes deux des analyses complémentaires. À l’issue de la comparaison est exposé l’apport des deux méthodes de fouille pour la veille d’événements. / This research demonstrates two methods of text mining for strategic monitoring purposes: information extraction and Textometry. In strategic monitoring, text mining is used to automatically obtain information on the activities of corporations. For this objective, information extraction identifies and labels units of information, named entities (companies, places, people), which then constitute entry points for the analysis of economic activities or events. These include mergers, bankruptcies, partnerships, etc., involving corresponding corporations. A Textometric method, however, uses several statistical models to study the distribution of words in large corpora, with the goal of shedding light on significant characteristics of the textual data. In this research, Textometry, an approach traditionally considered incompatible with information extraction methods, is applied to the same corpus as an information extraction procedure in order to obtain information on economic events. Several textometric analyses (characteristic elements, co-occurrences) are examined on a corpus of online news feeds. The results are then compared to those produced by the information extraction procedure. Both approaches contribute differently to processing textual data, producing complementary analyses of the corpus. Following the comparison, this research presents the advantages for these two text mining methods in strategic monitoring of current events.

This paper adopts a critical discourse analysis approach in order to identify and contrast the representation of the Occupy Wall Street movement in the New York Post and the New York Times. Occupy Wall Street was a protest movement against greed and financial and social inequality that started in Zuccotti Park in New York City in 2011. News media and its institutional media discourse have a power to influence people in terms of what they talk about and how they talk about it. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to make it transparent on a linguistic level that newspapers have an ability to create different discursive realities of the Occupy Wall Street movement through their language use. This is done by analysing news articles written on the same dates about the Occupy Wall Street protest in the New York Times and the New York Post using the tools global coherence, transitivity, and lexical categorisation. Results showed that in the articles in the New York Post the city represents the in-group, ‘us’, while the protesters represent the out-group, ‘them’. The repression of ‘them’, the protesters, is desired by the city that represents ‘us’. In the articles in the New York Times, on the other hand, the group of protesters is the in-group that is polarised with the police. Both the New York Times and the New York Post produce discourses where the protesters are incapable of achieving any real political or social change.

本研究從新聞整體結構與認知心理學的角度出發，討論讀者如何處理「兩面俱陳」與「單面呈現」兩種不同的新聞言說結構，希望同時觀照訊息與閱聽人兩個面向，更完整描繪新聞媒體訊息與閱聽人兩者之間傳播過程的面貌。研究發現，當個人對新聞報導事件的議題或主角存有先前態度，則新聞言說結構對讀者的資訊處理策略影響並不明顯。影響讀者如何使用資訊處理策略的關鍵在於讀者的先前態度與新聞內容是否一致。研究也發現，在討論個人的資訊處理流程時，要從不同的資訊處理工作區分開來分析中，因為在不同的資訊處理工作階段，個人的處理策略可能會有差異。 　　未來研究方向可以同時從整體訊息結構的特質、不同的認知效果以及可能影響訊息與傳播效果之間的中介變項等三個方向來研究傳播現象，所得到的研究結果可能可以更完整地解釋訊息的傳播過程與效果。

Scientists have reached a consensus that human activities have contributed to global climate change, yet its outcomes affect societies disproportionately. Often the least responsible countries are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This study will therefore be looking at vulnerable countries and highest carbon emitters, by engaging in a critical discourse analysis of climate change representations in the U.S and Nigerian news. Through the analysis of the Nigerian floods in 2018 and the U.S Campfires in 2018, functions of systemic functional linguistics and critical discourse analysis such as frame analysis, transitivity analysis, deemphasis/emphasis were used as tools to investigate how responsibility was discursively constructed in the media. The analyses show that the media coverage of Nigerian floods present frames of ‘government accountability’ and ‘victim accountability’ while the U.S Camp Fires media coverage present frames of ‘heroism’ and ‘victims’. No explicit mention of climate change is present in the texts and responsibility is discursively constructed away from climate change and human activities as a responsible agent and towards the actual fires themselves, government, or victims.