Le Faucon maltais et L’Introuvable de Dashiell Hammett ont été portés avec succès au cinéma, faisant apparaître le personnage typiquement américain du détective privé avec les figures de Sam Spade et de Nick Charles.La dernière incarnation de Sam Spade, sous les traits de Humphrey Bogart dans le film de John Huston, en 1941, demeure l’une des figures les plus célèbres du film noir. Nick Charles, sous les traits de William Powell dans le film de Woody S. Van Dyke, en 1934, fut si populaire que l’acteur et le personnage, échappant à son auteur, furent exploités dans une suite de cinq films. Pourquoi le public français ne connaît-il guère que les premiers (personnage et acteur) et méconnaît-il les seconds ?Quelle place dans cette concurrence tient la figure de Dashiell Hammett, détective puis écrivain, devenu un personnage d’écrivain-détective dans Hammett, un film de Wim Wenders en 1982 ?L’examen de toutes les adaptations des romans de l’auteur, de 1931 à 1942, permet de comparer les diverses représentations de ses figures littéraires d’enquêteur. Celui des cinq films qui, de 1934 à 1947, ont repris le personnage de Nick Charles, montre la difficulté à conserver une cohérence au personnage.L’observation du changement du goût du public, de la Grande Dépression à l’après-Seconde Guerre Mondiale, et celle de l’évolution de la carrière d’Humphrey Bogart et de William Powell, permet de comprendre pourquoi le public français, si attaché à la notion de film noir, n’a retenu que le premier. Enfin, la constatation de l’intérêt éditorial, renouvelé en France au début du vingt-et-unième siècle, pour toute l’œuvre et la vie de Dashiell Hammett, conduit à considérer, temporairement peut-être, la figure de l’auteur comme un mythe moderne. / The Maltese Falcon and The Thin Man by Dashiell Hammett, adapted successfully to the screen, revealed the typically American character of the private detective, with Sam Spade and Nick Charles.The last incarnation of Sam Spade by Humphrey Bogart in 1941 John Huston’s movie remains one of the most famous film noir figures. Nick Charles, with William Powell in Woody S. Van Dyke’s film in 1934, was so popular that both the character, escaping his creator, and the actor were reused in a succession of five films, until 1947.Why does the contemporary French public only know the first (character and actor) and why does it almost ignore the second ?Between them, what place does Dashiell Hammett hold, detective then writer, who became a character of detective writer in Hollywood Wim Wenders’s movie Hammett in 1982 ?The study of all Dashiell Hammett novels adaptations, from 1931 to 1942, enables to compare the various representations of his investigator characters. The study of the five movies reusing Nick Charles character allows to follow its lack of coherence.The observation of the change of the public taste, from the Great Depression until the post- Second World War years and the examination of the cinematographic careers of the two actors, explain the Bogart’s fame in France.Eventually, the French editorial revival of Dashiell Hammett at the beginning of the 21st century makes it possible to consider the author figure as a new myth.

<p>“To be, or not to be” surely constitutes a strange walk on the tight rope between delusion and reality, and apparently, Robert Fleming is a man with immense problems. Who is Ziggy Stardust, and who is Stephen Dedalus? Is it relevant to claim that there is more of David Bowie’s true personality inside Ziggy than of, for instance Charles Dickens’ great expectations within Pip? By examining Nick Hornby’s novel High Fidelity and it’s main character from a Freudian perspective using Freud’s theories and ideas of the oedipal concept, this is basically a plain attempt in search for a better psychological knowledge and understanding of the musical world of illusion, which finally ends up in a serious effort to interpret the true and inner meanings of Rob’s dreams and personality.</p>

“To be, or not to be” surely constitutes a strange walk on the tight rope between delusion and reality, and apparently, Robert Fleming is a man with immense problems. Who is Ziggy Stardust, and who is Stephen Dedalus? Is it relevant to claim that there is more of David Bowie’s true personality inside Ziggy than of, for instance Charles Dickens’ great expectations within Pip? By examining Nick Hornby’s novel High Fidelity and it’s main character from a Freudian perspective using Freud’s theories and ideas of the oedipal concept, this is basically a plain attempt in search for a better psychological knowledge and understanding of the musical world of illusion, which finally ends up in a serious effort to interpret the true and inner meanings of Rob’s dreams and personality.

Dans ce travail, je propose une transition des théories de l'art relationnelles de Danto et Zangwill vers une conception évolutionniste et esthétique de l'art. Je souligne l'importance de conserver le point fort de ces théories relationnelles, soit leur prise en compte de l'intentionnalité. Il faudrait cependant naturaliser cette notion. Partant de la théorie de Danto, j'expose sa conception, fondée sur le cas des paires d'objets indiscernables. Ceux-ci remettent l'importance de l'esthétique en question en théorie de l'art. Parce que deux objets perceptuellement identiques peuvent avoir des statuts radicalement différents, il semblerait que les propriétés esthétiques ne jouent pas de rôle de premier plan en art. Danto propose que l'intentionnalité, le fait d'avoir un propos, constitue l'élément distinct de l'art. Cependant, sa théorie repose sur la notion d'identification artistique, elle-même tributaire d'une conception du fonctionnement des processus neuronaux que je rejette. Poursuivant ma critique de Danto, j'aborde Nick Zangwill, qui accepte l'intentionnalité comme essence de l'art, mais critique le rôle joué par le public, un autre point déterminant dans la théorie de Danto. Zangwill souhaite développer une théorie esthétique de l'art centrée sur l'aperçu esthétique et l'autonomie de l'artiste vis-à-vis des influences extérieures. Cependant, cette autonomie repose sur un argument de principe dont il ne fournit pas de preuves empiriques, et qui demeure vulnérable vis-à-vis un certain type d'argument sociologique émis par Fowler. De plus, des difficultés surviennent lorsque l'on tente de spécifier les motivations qui poussent à l'activité artistique dans les théories conceptuelles de Danto et Zangwill. J'explore par la suite un certain nombre d'autres critiques émises par Margolis à l'endroit de Danto. Je plaide en faveur de la naturalisation de plusieurs concepts importants pour la théorie de l'art, dont la notion d'identification. Je soutiens qu'une approche évolutionniste aurait l'avantage d'offrir des pistes de solutions quant à l'intérêt que nous prenons à l'activité artistique, en rapportant celle-ci à nos conditions d'existence. Je propose enfin la notion d'instinct esthétique, afin de prendre en compte de nombreux aspects liés à l'évolution de la perception et qui n'étaient pas suffisamment explicités dans les théories évolutionnistes de Miller ou de Wilson. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Danto, Zangwill, intentionnalité, esthétique, évolution

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: S. E. Gontarski, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 24, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 159 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis endeavors to intervene in the manner Plath’s maternity poems have been discussed by examining the psychological negotiations of identity that occurred while the speaker’s in Plath’s poems are pregnant with child. The method of this thesis is also a departure from the historicized criticism and interpretations of Plath’s poems that often conflate the experience of the speaker with the details of Plath’s life. This analysis will focus on the poems “Metaphors,” “You’re” and “Nick and the Candlestick” which feature subtle imagery that not only illustrate the speaker’s preoccupation with her own pregnancy but also constructs a metaphorical representation of the maternal body as the locus for the mother’s negotiation of identity. The different forms that the maternal body is represented through, from inanimate objects to a cavernous opening, allow the speaker to fully explore a broad gamut of emotions related to motherhood. The enlargement and reduction of the maternal body, the use of relational language and local instances of transformation are all motifs and conventions that the speakers in Plath’s poems use to navigate the shifting terrain of individual identity during and after maternity. In examining the more abstract poems related to maternity that depict the maternal body through metaphor, this article endeavors to explore the disparate sensations and experiences conveyed in Plath’s poetry.

Eskinita and Other Poems Eskinita and Other Poems is a collection of poems and sequences with Manila as its context and the city walker as its key figure. An eskinita - a Tagalog diminution of the Spanish word esquina, which means "corner" - is a term used to refer to sidestreet so narrow that even a car would find it hard to maneuver there; an eskinita that leads to a dead end, moreover, is called an interior. Grounded in, yet taking flight from, the language and imagery of Manila, the manuscript draws on the city's history and its present moment as it juxtaposes personal experiences and scholarly sources to portray a city whose development - considered in works like Nick Joaquin's Manila, My Manila, Manuel Caoili's The Origins of Metropolitan Manila, and Robert Reed's Colonial Manila - is bound up with political, social, economic, and postcolonial structures. Through this space goes the city walker, a figure considered in literary and theoretical texts like Walter Benjamin's study on the flâneur, Michel de Certeau's analysis of walking, and psychogeographic writings of the Situationists. The poems are concerned with formal strategies that take their cues from Anglo-American Modernism - collages of texts in lyric and prose, serial structures, and line splicings - and aim to express the complex experience of walking in Manila, of writing Manila: juxtapositions and interpenetrations between interior and exterior, scholarly and demotic language, past and present. The long poem Eskinita extends the use of these devices: apart from prose and verse combinations, it incorporates quotation, parataxis, and photography. Although the overt aim is to offer, using the aesthetic resources of poetry, multiple and refracted views of Manila, Eskinita nevertheless endeavours to express - by constraining words, lines, and page layout - a sense of containment and limit. By counterpointing multiple textual and visual modes - and including various sources and formal devices - Eskinita and Other Poems explores and sometimes rejoices in the tensions between polyphonic and disjunctive elements, and the way their structures generate resonance and dialogue between unlikely familiars. Form, Historiography, and Nation in Nick Joaquin's Almanac for Manileños This thesis argues that the Almanac - when contextualised within the long-standing tradition of the almanac genre, and examined using the theoretical underpinnings of Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of heteroglossia, Walter Benjamin's views of fragmentary historiography, and intertwining aspects of literary form and nation formation - expresses the multiple, not singular, temporalities that constitute and complicate the Filipino nation. Produced in 1979, during Martial Law in the Philippines, the Almanac's formal strategy - demonstrated by the accommodation of discrepant genres, compression and correspondence in the calendars, and fragmentation in the essays - is a kind of non-linear historical emplotment. Such an aesthetic - derived in part from Modernism - is distinct from, and critically interrogates, fixed and linear articulations of national history. The focus of the analysis is a reading of the Almanac's calendars and essays. The distinctions and interactions between these subgenres result in a text that is both cohesive and stratified: calendrical entries which are comprised of national and religious elements and have past and future orientations inhabit the same space as temporally disjunctive essays. Despite fragmentation, the Almanac is nevertheless held together by correspondences and associations. The Almanac's oblique and tangential strategy of representing Philippine history - when seen in the light of the obsolescence of a now-moribund but then-vital genre - critiques linear historiography. By accommodating accounts of missed chances and foregrounding seemingly irrelevant details, Joaquin's Almanac interrogates historical narratives which, in the name of progress, fail to incorporate materials that are aberrant and inconsequential.

In the mid 60´s the Swedish Air Force started a disturbance reporting program to improve the flight safety. The reason was the large number of fatal aircraft crashes; of which many was hard to explain due to the lack of relevant data. This reporting program is still running and flight safety is today a natural part of flight operations. High standards in flight safety will improve the operative effect. This type of lessons learned are vital but not enough. Lessons learned from a tactical and operative perspective is needed. In 2013 the Air Force implemented a lessons learned-program to evaluate the yearly Air Force-exercises. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the two LL-processes from a theoretical perspective to show how they contribute to the common knowledge and complement each other. The result shows that the processes look similar as they both from a theoretical perspective can be called formal with both collecting and connecting parts. On local level the organization are similar with local representatives, namely the Lessons Learned-officer and the Flight Safety-officer who supports local and central commanders. In both cases, the disturbance-program and LL-program, the aim is to manage the observations locally as far as possible. The disparity between the two processes are mainly the HQ-organization, where the flight safety-organization is staffed and have clear instructions and mandates. When it comes to the LL-process the responsibility for the actions is not clear in the HQ. Furthermore, the deviation reports are managed in a IT-system with a database while LL are managed in an Excel-sheet. An obvious disparity is that the disturbance-program runs without an end-date, while the LL-program is more like a sub-project to the Air-Force exercise. A general conclusion is the need for a common nomenclature within the Armed Forces concerning the Lessons Learned-process.

No description available.

This thesis examines through the means of a comparative perspective, factors which have allowed the British National Party to enjoy recent electoral success at the local level under the leadership of party chairman Nick Griffin. Such electoral successes have arisen despite the seemingly relative obscurity of the party at the turn of the century. A number of different aspects are examined in order to achieve this aim. The history of the far right in the UK is examined to establish whether the BNP have changed their stance in comparison to previous far right movements. The BNP are also investigated comparatively with other West European parties who have enjoyed national success, as a means of discovering whether the party are similar to their far right neighbours and why they have not enjoyed similar national success. The press coverage of the BNP is examined at a local and national level, using content analysis and the LexisNexis database. The thesis looks at the role played by the BNP in local elections and the decline of participation in political activity, to establish if there is a link between these two factors. Finally a case study is taken of Calderdale in West Yorkshire, to establish directly if any of the above factors can be directly applied to BNP electoral success in this district. The research discovers that there are opportunities for the BNP to establish a connection with the electorate in local politics which are not necessarily available at times of general election.