Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 162363 bytes, checksum: 15ec5f985211394c383fbeeb52aa7aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this study were to select among 15 accesses of Lycopersicon esculentum from BGH-UFV, identified for liveira (2004) as the most resistant accesses for antixenosis to Tuta absoluta, the least favorite ones for oviposition to moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to study the resistance for antibiosis and to study the inheritance of the resistance of the access less favorite for oviposition to T. absoluta. The antixenosis experiment was analyzed take into account the number of insects eggs to plant, of each access, regarding to 12 and 24 hours of exhibition to this pert-insects adults. The characteristics evaluated for the antibiosis experiment were: percentage of mortality of pert-insect, weight of female pupa and male pupa, adult's weight, percentage of pupa mortality, sexual reason and transfer of weight of the pupas for the adults. The characteristics evaluated for the experiment of inheritance study were the number of eggs for seedling of the generations BGH-1497 (masculine genitor) and 'Santa Clara' (feminine genitor) and F1, F2, RC1 and RC2, coming from crossing of 'Santa Clara' x BGH-1497. Being the number of eggs for seedling converted for non preference index for oviposição (INP). The less favorite accesses for the insects of T. absoluta were BGH-1989, BGH-55, BGH-320, BGH-1708, BGH-1282, BGH-227, BGH-1990 and BGH-1497. The accesses BGH-83, BGH-1532 and BGH-674 were the one that had tendency for larger values of percentage of died pupas. BGH-55 and BGH-320 were the accesses that had tendency for smaller values for weight of female pupas. They were not found male pupas in the accesses BGH-83, BGH-489 and BGH-1989.BGH-1532 presented tendency for smaller sexual reason. BGH-55 and BGH-1990 were the accesses that had tendency for larger transfer of weight of the pupas for the adults. In the heritance complete model, the average presented larger magnitude for studied characteristic, explaining 67,14% of the available variability respectively for the non preference index for oviposição, followed by 12,90% and 6,61% for the addictive effects and of dominância, respectively, and still 13,33% for the sum of effects owed the interactions epistáticas. The addictive variance for INP was of 372,67, what provided variance due to the deviation of negative dominance, -44,83. The wide herdabilidade was of 69,07% and the restricted was of 78,51%, what allows the transfer of the resistance characteristic among the generations. The average levels of dominance based on variances was considered 0,00 and the average levels of dominance based on averages it was 0,046. The proportion phenotypic that best explained the data of this experiment was 13:3, in other words, 13 susceptible for 3 resistant, due to better adaptation for the chi-square test. / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram selecionar entre 15 acessos de Lycopersicon esculentum do BGH-UFV, identificados por Oliveira (2004) como os mais resistentes por antixenose a traça do tomateiro Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), os menos preferidos para oviposição da traça do tomateiro, estudar a resistência por antibiose e estudar a herança da resistência do acesso menos preferido para oviposição de T. absoluta. No experimento de antixenose foram contados o número de ovos da traça do tomateiro por planta, com 12 e 24 horas de exposição aos insetos. No experimento de antibiose avaliaram-se: percentagem de mortalidade de lagartas, peso de pupa fêmea e de macho, peso de adulto, percentagem de mortalidade de pupa e razão sexual. No experimento de estudo de herança genética avaliaram-se o número de ovos por planta dos genitores BGH-1497 (masculino) e Santa Clara (feminino) e das gerações F1, F2, RC1 e RC2. O número de ovos por planta foi convertido para Índice de Não Preferência para oviposição (INP). Os acessos menos preferidos pelos insetos de T. absoluta foram BGH-55, BGH-227, BGH-320, BGH-1282, BGH-1497, BGH-1708, BGH-1989 e BGH-1990. Os acessos BGH-83, BGH-1532 e BGH-674 foram os que tiveram tendência para maiores valores de percentagem de pupas mortas. BGH-55 e BGH-320, foram os que tiveram tendência para menores valores para peso de pupas fêmeas. Não foram encontrados pupas macho nos acessos BGH-83, BGH-489 e BGH-1989. BGH-1532 apresentou tendência para menor razão sexual. No estudo de herança a média apresentou maior magnitude, explicando 67,14% da variabilidade disponível do INP, seguida de 12,90% e 6,61% para os efeitos aditivos e de dominância, respectivamente; os 13,33% restantes representam a soma de efeitos devido as interações epistáticas. A variância aditiva para o INP foi de 372,67, gerando variância devido ao desvio de dominância negativa, -44,83. A herdabilidade ampla foi 69,07% e a restrita 78,51%. O grau médio da dominância baseado em variâncias foi considerado 0,00 e o grau médio da dominância baseado em médias foi 0,46. A proporção fenotípica que melhor explicou os dados deste experimento foi 13:3, ou seja, 13 suscetíveis para 3 resistentes.

VIEIRA, Roberto Cesar Cavalcante. Reprodução e manipulação de personagens virtuais. 2012. 173 f. Tese (Doutorado em ciência da computação)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-07-20T12:58:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_rccvieira.pdf: 30143588 bytes, checksum: 511b1ee55b952226f7674aab036f2abb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-07-25T12:10:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_rccvieira.pdf: 30143588 bytes, checksum: 511b1ee55b952226f7674aab036f2abb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T12:10:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_rccvieira.pdf: 30143588 bytes, checksum: 511b1ee55b952226f7674aab036f2abb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Many virtual reality applications and games need a large number of virtual characters. Some of these applications require, in addition to quantity, the simulation of kinship and evolution, not only of human character models but also of di erent types of animals, toon models or other creatures. Some applications also require interactions between isolated populations with well-de ned ethnic characteristics. The identi cation of similar traits between individuals of the same family is crucial to providing increased realism to many of these systems. The main di culty in these situations is to generate models automatically, in real time, which are physically similar to a given population or family. Other realistic desirable features are the automatic body variations due to epigenetic factors and the application of facial expressions as the character interacts with the environment. In those cases, the di culty lies in nding a simple mesh adaptation system for di erent creatures with big di erences in shape. In this work, the reproduction of diploid beings is mimicked to produce character models that inherit genetic characteristics from their ancestors, with the possibility to map all genes identifying the origin of each gene. Unlike morphing techniques and other existing approaches, in our method, it is possible for a genetic characteristic from an ancestor to be manifested only after a few generations. After character generation, it is possible to apply custom body variations and facial expressions to the new models. With the same adaptation system used in all methods, it is possible to generate caricatures of characters, inserting a comic atmosphere to the application. With this solution it is possible to create interactive evolution and life-simulation games, genetics educational applications, and many other possibilities. / Muitas aplicações de realidade virtual e jogos necessitam de um grande número de personagens virtuais. Algumas dessas aplicações requerem, além da quantidade, a simulação de parentesco e evolução, não só de modelos de personagens humanos, mas também de diferentes tipos de animais, modelos caricaturados ou outras criaturas. Algumas aplicações também requerem interações entre populações isoladas, com características étnicas bem definidas. A identificação de características semelhantes entre os indivíduos de uma mesma família é fundamental para proporcionar maior realismo a muitos desses sistemas. A principal dificuldade nessas situações é gerar modelos automaticamente, em tempo real, que são fisicamente semelhantes a uma dada população ou família. Outra característica de realismo desejável nessas aplicações seria a possibilidade de variações automáticas do corpo por fatores epigenéticos e aplicação de expressões faciais à medida que o personagem interage com o ambiente. Nesses casos, a dificuldade reside em encontrar um sistema simples de adaptação de malha para criaturas com grandes diferenças na forma. Nesse trabalho, a reprodução de seres diploides é simulada para produzir modelos de personagens que herdam características dos seus ancestrais, com a possibilidade de mapear todos os genes, identificando a origem de cada um deles, e aplicar variações corporais e expressões faciais aos novos modelos. Com o mesmo sistema de adaptação utilizado em todos os métodos é possível gerar caricaturas de personagens, inserindo uma atmosfera de humor à aplicação. Com esta solução é possível criar jogos interativos de evolução e simulação de vida, aplicações educativas de genética e muitas outras possibilidades. Ao contrário de técnicas de morphing e de outros enfoques existentes, no método aqui proposto, é possível que uma característica genética de um ancestral se manifeste somente depois de algumas gerações.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV11MA038.pdf: 1217077 bytes, checksum: 00344fc81180f6d99a71b0ff111924e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-09 / Curtobacterium wilt has become one of the most important emerging diseases in bean plants. Studies aimed at identifying sources of resistance and to know the genetic control of disease are essential for the development of resistant cultivars. The aim of this study was to identify bean genotypes resistant to curtobacterium wilt and determine the inheritance of resistance of this disease on bean, to enable the development of resistant cultivars in a breeding program. Were evaluated 72 genotypes, among which are 67 accessions of the Active Germplasm Bank of beans at the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). It was possible to identify Xan 159 as being tolerant to the disease, because it showed the lowest average scores for symptoms of bacterial wilt and is indicated for use in breeding programs to develop resistant cultivars. The study of inheritance of resistance to bacterial wilt was accomplished through a complete diallel of five parents (IAC Carioca Aruã, IAC Carioca Pyatã, IAC Carioca Tybatã, SCS Guará and Pérola) and through study of six generations of people IAC Carioca Aruã x Guara and IAC Carioca Pyatã x Pérola. Diallel analysis showed that although both the additive effects and non-additive are involved, the additive effect is more important in controlling the curtobacterium wilt. The IAC Carioca Pyatã had the highest general combining ability and is recommended for use in breeding programs that aim to develop resistant genotypes. The analysis of the means of generations between genotypes tolerant x susceptible (IAC Carioca Aruã x SCS Guará and IAC Carioca Pyatã x Pérola), demonstrates the importance of the additive effects on the character determination. Analyses of variance of six generations agree with the results found by the analysis of averages, where the additive effect has greater importance for the inheritance of curtobacterium wilt. The narrow sense heritability was around 35%, demonstrating that it is possible to gain with the selection of resistant individuals / A murcha de curtobacterium tem se mostrado uma das doenças emergentes mais importantes na cultura do feijão. Estudos que visem identificar fontes de resistência e conhecer o controle genético da doença são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar genótipos de feijão resistentes à murcha de curtobacterium e estudar a herança da resistência desta doença em feijão, para possibilitar o desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes em programas de melhoramento. Foram avaliados 72 genótipos, dentre os quais estão 67 acessos pertencentes ao Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Feijão da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Foi possível identificar a linhagem Xan 159 como tolerante à doença, pois apresentou as menores médias para as notas dos sintomas da murcha de curtobacterium, sendo indicado para uso em programas de melhoramento para o desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes. O estudo da herança da resistência à murcha de curtobacterium foi realizado, através de um dialelo completo com cinco genitores (IAC Carioca Aruã, IAC Carioca Pyatã, IAC Carioca Tybatã, Pérola e SCS Guará) e através do estudo das seis gerações da populações IAC Carioca Aruã x Guará e IAC Carioca Pyatã x Pérola. A análise dialélica mostrou que, embora ambos os efeitos aditivos e não-aditivos estão envolvidos, o efeito aditivo é mais importante no controle da murcha de curtobacterium. O genótipo IAC Carioca Pyatã apresentou a maior capacidade geral de combinação e é recomendado para uso em cruzamentos dirigidos que objetivam o desenvolvimento de genótipos resistentes. A análise das médias das gerações entre genótipos tolerantes x suscetíveis (IAC Carioca Aruã x SCS Guará e IAC Carioca Pyatã x Pérola), demonstra a importância dos efeitos aditivos para a determinação do caráter. As análises das variâncias das seis gerações concordam com os resultados encontrados pela análise das médias, onde o efeito aditivo possui maior importância para a herança da murcha de curtobacterium. A herdabilidade no sentido restrito foi em torno de 35%, demonstrando que há possibilidade de obter ganhos com a seleção de indivíduos resistentes

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:44:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MicheleVO_DISSERT.pdf: 9305862 bytes, checksum: 2d47288223836ac6ba52c9de6822c77f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-11 / genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular risk and that influence can be differentiated by factors characteristic of each population, age and sex. Aim: To investigate the heritability of anthropometric and biochemical markers as predictors of cardiovascular risk in men and women of different age groups, using the method of twins. Methods: A sample of 88 subjects and of these 52 children and adolescents (08-17 years old) 32 monozygotic (20 female and 12 male) and 20 dizygotic (12 female and 08 male) and 36 adults (18-28 years age) 24 monozygotic (08 female and 16 male) and 12 dizygotic (06 female and 06 male), living in the metropolitan region of Natal / RN, Brazil. Anthropometric measures were taken as the height, body mass, waist circumference (WC), sum of skinfolds (ΣDC), fat percentage CUN-BAE, BMI and conicity. Biochemical markers analyzed were: fasting glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (COL), HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides (TG). After processing the data the index of heritability (h2) = (S ? MZ) / S ? DZ (DZ S ?) X100 was applied disaggregated by sex and age. Results: The variables showed differential heritability of behavior for men and women, depending on age. The variables with the highest heritability values were ΣDC, GLU, HDL, TG, in men and BMI, WC, ΣDC, GLU, HDL-C and TG in women. And more influenced by the environment variables were: body mass, BMI, Chol, LDL-C in men; body mass and LDL-C in women. Conclusion: Differences index of heritability by gender for cardiovascular risk predictors may assist in planning specific intervention strategies according to gender and stage of life of that individual. It is from the level of environmental influence that can run interventions for changes of components related to cardiovascular risk / Os fatores gen?ticos e ambientais contribuem para o desenvolvimento do risco cardiovascular e essa influ?ncia pode ser diferenciada por fatores caracter?sticos de cada popula??o, idade e sexo. Objetivo: investigar a herdabilidade de vari?veis antropom?tricas e marcadores bioqu?micos como preditores do risco cardiovascular em homens e mulheres de diferentes faixas et?rias, utilizando o m?todo de g?meos. M?todos: Amostra composta por 130 g?meos, sendo do sexo feminino 42 monozigotos e 32 dizigotos e do sexo masculino 28 monozigotos e 28 dizigotos, residentes na regi?o metropolitana de Natal/RN, Brasil. Como medidas antropom?tricas foram aferidas a estatura, massa corporal, circunfer?ncia da cintura (CC), somat?rio de dobras cut?neas (∑DC), percentual de gordura CUN-BAE, IMC e ?ndice de conicidade. Os marcadores bioqu?micos analisados foram: glicemia de jejum (GLI), colesterol total (COL), HDL-C, LDL-C e triglicer?deos (TG). Ap?s o tratamento dos dados foi aplicado o ?ndice de herdabilidade (h2) = ((S? DZ S? MZ) / S? DZ) x 100; separado por sexo e idade. Resultados: As vari?veis apresentaram comportamento de hereditariedade diferenciado para homens e mulheres, dependendo da idade. As vari?veis com maior herdabilidade foram: ∑DC, GLI, HDL, TG, nos homens; e IMC, CC, ∑DC, GLI, HDL-C e TG nas mulheres. E as vari?veis mais influenciadas pelo ambiente foram: Massa, IMC, COL, LDL-C, nos homens; massa e LDL-C nas mulheres. Conclus?o: As diferen?as por sexo do ?ndice de herdabilidade para os preditores do risco cardiovascular podem auxiliar no planejamento de estrat?gias de interven??o espec?ficas de acordo com o sexo e est?gio da vida desse indiv?duo. ? a partir do n?vel de influ?ncia ambiental que poder? correr as interven??es para modifica??es dos componentes relacionados ao risco cardiovascular

L’origine de la variabilité phénotypique est un sujet très débattu depuis les théories de Lamarck et Darwin. Dans la vision contemporaine de l’évolution adaptative, il est communément admis que la seule source héritable de variabilité phénotypique soit d’origine génétique. Le phénotype est alors le produit du génotype sous l’influence de l’environnement. La mutation aléatoire des séquences d’ADN permet de générer de nouveaux variants phénotypiques qui sont alors soumis à la sélection naturelle. Traditionnellement, il est considéré que les caractères acquis par un individu durant sa vie, en réponse à l’environnement, ne sont pas héritables et ne jouent aucun rôle évolutif. Pourtant, il y a presque un siècle, un biologiste allemand du nom de Victor Jollos a mis en évidence que certains phénotypes peuvent être induits par des conditions environnementales particulières et persister durant quelques générations en l’absence du stimulus initial avant de disparaître progressivement. Il nomma ce phénomène Dauermodifikations, littéralement « modifications de longue durée ». Ses conclusions allaient à contre-courant des conceptions évolutives de son temps, et ont été considérées comme des artéfacts expérimentaux. Toutefois, nous sommes maintenant conscient qu’outre le code génétique, il existe également un autre mécanisme permettant une réponse héritable et pourtant flexible en réponse aux fluctuations environnementales : le code épigénétique. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai essayé de mieux caractériser le rôle des mécanismes épigénétiques, plus précisément ceux impliques dans la structure chromatinienne, chez deux organismes présentant des Dauermodifikations : le corail tropical Pocillopora damicornis et le parasite humain Schistosoma mansoni. Les deux objectifs principaux de cette étude sont de déterminer (I) de quelle manière l’environnement influence la structure chromatinienne (ciblée ou aléatoire) et (II) dans quelle mesure ces changements sont-ils héritables (mitotiquement ou méïotiquement).Nos résultats ont permis de mieux caractériser les épigénomes des deux organismes étudiés. Nous avons décrit la structure chromatinienne de S. mansoni au travers de la distribution de six modifications d’histones, sur deux stades développementaux. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré chez S. mansoni trois types de changements de la structure chromatinienne : (I) ciblés en réponse à l’environnement, (II) associés au génotype et (III) aléatoires. Seuls les types II et III sont héritables d’un stade développemental du parasite à un autre. Nos travaux sur P. damicornis ont permis de remarquer une structure chromatinienne inhabituelle et d’offrir une première description d’un méthylome de corail. / The origin of phenotypic variability has been much debated since the establishment of Lamarck’s and Darwins theories of evolution. It is commonly accepted in the contemporary vision of adaptive evolution that the only source of heritable phenotypic variability is genetic. Here, phenotypes are the product of the genotypes under the influence of the environment. Random DNA mutations generate novel phenotypes, which are then subjected to natural selection. Traditionally, it is considered that acquired characters are not heritable and have no impact on evolution. Yet almost a century ago, a German biologist named Victor Jollos revealed that some phenotypes could be produced in particular environmental conditions and could persist for a few generations in the absence of the original stimulus, before disappearing gradually. He named this phenomenon Dauermodifikations, literally “long term changes”. His conclusions were going against evolutionary conceptions of his time, and were considered experimental artefacts. However, we are now aware that, in addition to the genetic code, there is also another heritable, and yet flexible, mechanism responding to environmental fluctuations: the epigenetic code. In this thesis, I attempted to characterize the role of epigenetic mechanisms, and more specifically modifications of the chromatin structure, in two organisms with Dauermodifikations: the tropical coral Pocillopora damicornis and the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. The two main objectives of this study were (I) to determine how the environment influences the chromatin structure (in a targeted or random fashion) and (II) to what extent these changes are heritable (through mitosis or meiosis).My results provide a better knowledge of the epigenome of the two organisms we studied. We have described the chromatin structure of S. mansoni through the distribution of six histones modifications, in two developmental stages. Furthermore, we have shown three types of changes in chromatin structure of S. mansoni: (I) targeted in response to environmental changes, (II) genotype associated, and (III) random. Only types II and III are inherited to the next developmental stages of the parasite. Our work on P. damicornis delivers evidence for an unusual chromatin structure in this organism and to provide the first description of a coral methylome