Several states introduced alternative certification (AC) programs in the mid-1980s to alleviate the teacher shortage situation, and the Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) program is an example of just such a curriculum. Three research questions for this study were: 1) what were the challenges beginning MAT teachers faced? 2) what were beginning MAT teachers? perceptions of their training program?, and 3) what were the beginning MAT teachers? attitudes toward their teaching career? Case methodology was conducted to highlight the research questions. Six beginning MAT teachers that graduated from Mississippi State University participated in this study. Data were drawn from interviews, observations, and a concomitant related document analysis. Results revealed three themes as challenges for the majority of MAT teachers: (a) students? low motivation, (b) No Child Left Behind (NCLB)ountability, and (c) lack of parental support. In terms of perception regarding their training program, all six MAT teachers exhibited gratefulness for their training programs availability, especially for the opportunity to gain teacher licensure. In addition, they reported they were confident about their teaching preparation. However, some teachers agreed that there was room for improvement. All participants suggested the following as potential enhancements for their MAT program: (a) exhibit more specificity concerning program requirements, (b) contain more content knowledge courses, (c) assign a mentor, (d) make the certification process easier and less complicated, and (e) add any training applicable to their future teaching career. Again, these findings could be perceived as guidelines for the improvement of the MAT program and as methods for ensuring effective AC teachers graduate from the training program. Among the six participants, five wanted to quit teaching in the near future, with only one, an older second career seeker teacher, deciding to remain in the profession. Most importantly, she was the only one whose previous educational background and job experience were the same as the subject she taught. The above findings filled several research gaps when compared with previous studies. For example, there is an inconsistency between MAT teachers? licensure area and content knowledge background. Further studies are needed to investigate samples of graduates from other AC programs.

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The focus of this paper is the problem of comparatively quantifying questionnaire information in terms of which approach; traditional hospital or certified nurse-midwifery, is more conducive to optimal maternal-infant bonding and attachment. Clarification of the percentage results evince that certified nurse-midwifery is 33% more conducive to optimal maternal-infant bonding and attachment than the traditional hospital approach. Research indicates that certified nurse-midwives birthing approach already promotes positive phenomenons of bonding and attachment whereas traditional hospital practices are just now incorporating maternal and family birthing plan choices to enhance maternal-infant bonding and attachment possibilities.

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka kvinnliga modeintresserade konsumenters medvetenhet kring greenwashing i relation till miljömärkningar inom klädindustrin. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka hur kvinnliga modeintresserade konsumenter uppfattar ett plaggs hållbarhet utifrån miljömärkningar inom klädindustrin. För att besvara studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts där insamling av empiriskt material genomfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Baserat på ett antal kriterier valdes tio modeintresserade kvinnor ut till att delta i intervjuerna som genomfördes via Zoom. Studiens resultat påvisar bristande kunskap om begreppet greenwashing vilket tyder på att respondenterna därmed inte är medvetna om greenwashing i relation till miljömärkningar inom klädindustrin. Vidare resulterade studien även i att kvinnliga modeintresserade konsumenter till stor del uppfattar plagg märkta med miljömärkningar som hållbara. Däremot varierar konsumenternas uppfattning om pålitligheten av de olika märkningarna. Vår studie visar att ungefär lika stor andel respondenter uppfattar plagg märkta med certifierade miljömärkningar, såväl som icke-certifierade miljömärkningar, som mer pålitliga. Oavsett märkningens upplevda pålitlighet uppfattade alla respondenter, trots detta, att märkningen bidrog med en känsla av hållbarhet. / The purpose of this study is to examine the awareness of greenwashing in relation toenvironmental labels in the clothing industry, among female fashion-interested consumers.Furthermore, the study aims to investigate how female fashion-interested consumers perceivethe environmental sustainability of a garment based on environmental labels in the clothingindustry. To answer the purpose of this study, a qualitative method was used where thecollection of empirical data was carried out by semi-structured interviews. Based on anumber of criteria, ten fashion-interested women were chosen to participate in interviewsconducted via Zoom.The result of the study demonstrates a lack of knowledge regarding the term greenwashing,which indicates that the respondents also lack awareness of greenwashing in relation toenvironmental labels within the clothing industry. Furthermore, the study demonstrates thatfashion-interested consumers perceive environmental labelled clothing as sustainable.However, the perception of reliability of the various labels varies among the respondents. Ourresult indicates that about half of our respondents perceive environmental labels certified bythird parties as the most trustworthy. Whereas the other half of the respondents perceivenon-certified environmental labels as more reliable. Irrespective of the perceived reliability ofthe environmental label, all respondents agreed that the environmental label in some waycontributed to a feeling of sustainability. This thesis is written in Swedish.

Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how certified labels are being communicated through sustainable marketing within the grocery store sector. Research Question: How can the grocery store sector use sustainable marketingcommunication in order to contribute to a wider knowledge regarding sustainabilityand certified products? Method: The study is of qualitative character, with a combination of an inductive and deductive approach. The empirical data has been collected through five semi-structured interviews and one telephone interview. Result and conclusion: Sustainable marketing communication can contribute with an increased knowledge regarding sustainability when communicating and defining the term in an easy and clear way which makes it possible for anyone, no matter age or education, to understand what sustainability means. Regarding certified labels, sustainable marketing communication can contribute with an increased knowledge by creating an interest for the label in question. This can be achieved by defining the certified labels brand image by clear and accurate associations. Recommendations: The grocery stores must communicate easy messages in order for the consumers to understand what sustainability is as well as using social media as a strategic marketing tool. The certified labels need to establish accurate associations while working with transparency.

Legal aspects of the indoor production of liquors and certified distillation The author analyzes all possible crimes, which can be comitted in the indoor production of liquors or during certified distillation. Firstly, he defines key terms and provides the sources important for the field of liquor production, provides information about history of liquors making and explains how the certified distillation works. The thesis also includes the author's own definition of yet undefined legal concept of the indoor liquor production. In the section devoted to the analysis of individual crimes, the author first looks at the offense of illegal production of alcohol, which has been excluded from the criminal Code. The recent health crisis in Czech republic called Methanol affair is described in the thesis as well with connection to indoor production of liquors and certified distillation. The part about the Methanol affair also describes why the crisis happened and what were the consequences for people living in Czech republic (prohibition, death of many citizens, injuries etc.) Detailed examination in relation to the indoor production of liquors and certified distillation is provided to crimes against life and health, economic crimes and to generally dangerous crimes. During the indoor production of liquors or...

De kommunala aktiebolagen måste granskas av en auktoriserad revisor. Dock måste dessa upphandlas enligt LOU. LOU har kritiserats för att påverka vilka faktorer som avgör vilken revisionsbyrå som upphandlas. De kommunala aktiebolagen har också kritiseras för att brista i transparens. Få tidigare studier har fokuserat på revision inom kommunala aktiebolag på grund av att det hamnar mellan två forskningsfält. Därför är det intressant att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar valet av revisor. Syftet med denna studie är att förklara vilka faktorer som påverkar om sakkunnig yrkesrevisorer anlitade av kommunens revisorer och auktoriserad revisor i kommunens bolag upphandlas från samma revisionsbyrå eller inte. Studien har en deduktiv ansats eftersom befintliga teorier härleds och ligger till grund för studiens hypoteser. En tvärsnittsstudie har genomförts för att förklara sambandet mellan olika faktorer och valet av revisionsbyrå. Empirin består av primär- och sekundärdata och datainsamling har gjorts genom dokumentstudier samt en enkätundersökning. Detta analyseras sedan med hjälp av regressionsanalyser. Studiens resultat visar att det finns faktorer som förklarar valet av revisionsbyrå. Upphandlingsprocessen uppvisar ett signifikant samband med valet av revisionsbyrå. / Municipal corporations require auditing by a certified auditor. These must be procured in accordance with Swedish legislation (LOU). However, this process of procurement has been criticized for affecting auditor choice while Municipal corporations have been criticized for lacking transparency. The fact that municipal corporations are considered part of both the private and public sector have lead to few studies focused on this type of organization. Auditing in municipal corporations is therefor of interest to study. The aim of this thesis is to explain which factors affect whether or not municipal auditors and certified auditors for the municipal corporations are procured from the same audit firm. A deductive approach is used for creating hypotheses based on existing theories. In order to explain the relationship between different factors and the choice of audit firm we use a cross-sectional design. Secondary data is gathered through documents and a survey is designed for the purpose of collecting primary data. The data is analyzed through regression analysis. Results show factors affecting the choice of audit firm. There is a significant relationship between the procurement process and the choice of audit firm.

En viktig målsättning i den svenska skogspolitiken är att skogsbruket ska bedrivas på ett hållbart sätt och i Skogsvårdslagen är produktionsmålen och miljömålen jämställda. Skogsägare kan utöver detta åta sig att certifiera sin fastighet, antingen genom FSC eller PEFC. Certifiering är ett marknadsdrivet, frivilligt åtagande och handlar om att ta ett större ansvar för miljö och natur än vad Skogsvårdslagen kräver.  Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra förekomst av naturvärden på certifierade fastigheter och icke-certifierade fastigheter genom fältinventering av utvalda kriterier. Kriterierna valdes utifrån mätbara och synliga indikatorer på naturvärden och utifrån faktorer som speglar variationsrikedom, hänsyn, kontinuitet, flora-och faunaobjekt och återväxt. I denna studie har vi arbetat fram en funktionell inventeringsmall i syfte att kartlägga naturvärden på fastighetsnivå.  En slutsats från inventeringen var att naturens egna förutsättningar är en viktig faktor för förekomsten av naturvärden i högre grad än om fastigheten är certifierad eller inte.

Atualmente, a produção de Material de Referência Certificado (MRC) tem apresentado destaque devido a sua importância na aplicação durante a validação de métodos, estimativa de incerteza e controles de rotina, atendendo uma grande demanda de laboratórios que aplicam sistemas de gestão da qualidade (como por exemplo, baseados na ISO/IEC 17025) e necessitam desenvolver estas atividades em busca da rastreabilidade metrológica. Dentre estes diferentes laboratórios, podemos destacar os laboratórios de bebidas que analisam, por exemplo, contaminantes em uísque visando um monitoramento adequado deste produto de grande consumo interno, seja de produtos importados e/ou produção nacional. Desta maneira este projeto visa o desenvolvimento de candidato a material de referência certificado (MRC) para Uísque, considerando a importância em desenvolver métodos para a produção de material de referência, sendo o uísque um excelente candidato devido à importância em monitorar adequadamente este produto que tem apresentado um crescimento exponencial de consumo nos últimos anos. / Currently, the production of CRM has been highlighted due to its importance in method validation, uncertainty measurement and routine controls, necessary for laboratories that apply quality management systems (e.g. based on ISO/IEC 17025) and need to develop these activities to achieve an adequate metrological traceability. Among these different laboratories, we can highlight the beverage laboratory that analyses, for example, contaminants in whiskey to ensure an appropriate monitoring of this product that has great domestic consumption. This project aims the development of a candidate certified reference material (CRM) for whiskey, considering the importance of developing methods for the production of reference material, being the whiskey an excellent candidate because of its importance to properly monitor this product that has shown an exponential growth of consumption in recent years.

O filme Cópia fiel (2010), de Abbas Kiarostami, configura um objeto estranho dentro da filmografia desse autor iraniano. Ao mesmo tempo que muito dialoga com questões já apresentadas em trabalhos anteriores do diretor, o filme marca uma ruptura, indica um novo caminho. Se sua obra continuamente explorou os cruzamentos entre ficção e realidade, Cópia fiel, por sua vez, parece mergulhar na ficção sem se referir a uma realidade que lhe seja exterior ou contígua. A dramaturgia e as construções formais do filme (enquadramentos, montagem, mise en scène) elaboram uma reflexão conceitual sobre a própria ideia de ficção e representação artística, explorando os conceitos-chave da obra: cópias e originais. Esta dissertação busca, através da análise fílmica, investigar tais procedimentos do filme que competem para tensionar a própria ideia de ficção cinematográfica. Dividimos nosso percurso em três partes para dar conta de distintos aspectos da ficção que o filme aborda, sintetizados nos termos palco, espelho e janela. O palco representa o ponto em que a ficção se coloca como evidentemente separada da realidade: lugar de paradoxos e de fricções entre ator e personagem. O espelho representa as infinitas repetições e duplicações da estrutura do filme e a relação de identificação-projeção do espectador com a obra. Por fim, a janela explora o viés realista do filme, sua vocação \"transparente\", problematizando a possibilidade de se acessar um determinado real, o original de todas as cópias. / The film Certified copy (2010), by Abbas Kiarostami, is a strange object within his filmography. It continues to work on issues presented in the director\'s prior works, but it also represents a rupture, indicating a new path. His works continually explored the entanglements between fiction and reality, whereas Certified copy seems to abolish any perspective on an exterior reality to the film\'s fiction. The dramaturgy and the formal constructions of the film (framings, montage, mise en scène) build a conceptual reflection on the very idea of fiction and artistic representation, exploring key-concepts of the work, such as copies and originals. This dissertation intends to investigate through filmic analyses the procedures that tension the notion of cinematic fiction. The text is divided in three parts, each of them aiming at a particular aspect of the fiction explored by the movie, each compressed into one symbolic notion: stage, mirror and window. The stage represents the strict division between reality and fiction: a place of paradoxes and frictions between the actors and their characters. The mirror investigates the infinite repetitions and duplications within the film structure, and also the spectator\'s process of projection and identification. Finally, the window explores the realistic aspect of the film, its \"transparent\" vocation, questioning the possibility of a true access of the real, the original to every copy.