Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-26T13:17:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiza Aparecida de Barros.pdf: 2042323 bytes, checksum: f5d4b262917768ee58603a17cdc070ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T13:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiza Aparecida de Barros.pdf: 2042323 bytes, checksum: f5d4b262917768ee58603a17cdc070ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research aims to understand if there is a professional identity of social workers built in the Public Defender of the State of São Paulo in the context of the judicialization of the social question. It is understood that access to the judiciary to guarantee social rights should not be the only way to access justice. The central hypothesis was formulated from the premise that social workers still did not have an identity built in this space. The research procedures used the social research techniques through the scale of identity and the data collection by interview centered with the Social Service professionals, as well as semi-structured interviews with professionals who work in the multidisciplinary team, psychologists and publics defenders, and service users. The theoretical-methodological foundation is guided by the social theory of Karl Marx, from the categories emancipation and conscience. It was also sought to work on the categories of professional identity, by Maria Lúcia Martinelli, from the depths of identity attributed, built and deepened by the author, as well as approached the category "experience", by Walter Benjamin, because they are contained there Important discussions about what is to be subsumed by the view of capital, as well as the critique of the philosophy of law pointed out by Pachukanis (1988). From the results obtained in the research it was observed that a professional identity emerges built in the Public Defender. However, it is necessary for professionals to maintain their confrontation in the positivist space of law so that the profession is not subsumed as a mere auxiliary function that contributes to the maintenance and conformity of existing legal forms / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender se há identidade profissional de assistentes sociais construída na Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo no contexto da judicialização da questão social. Parte-se da compreensão que o acesso ao poder judiciário para garantias dos direitos sociais não deve ser a única e tampouco a melhor via de acesso à justiça. A hipótese central foi formulada a partir da premissa que os assistentes sociais ainda não tinham uma identidade construída nesse espaço. Dos procedimentos de pesquisa foram utilizadas as técnicas de pesquisa social por meio da escala de identidade e a coleta de dados por entrevista centrada com os profissionais do Serviço Social, bem como entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais que atuam na equipe multidisciplinar, psicólogos/as e defensores/as, e usuários do serviço. O fundamento teórico-metodólogico orienta-se a partir da teoria social de Karl Marx, a partir das categorias emanciação e consciência. Também buscou-se trabalhar as categorias de identidade profissional, de Maria Lúcia Martinelli, a partir dos aprofundamentos de identidade atribuída, construída e aprofundada pela autora, bem como se aproximou da categoria “experiência”, de Walter Benjamin, por entender que aí estão contidas discussões importantes sobre o vir a ser não subsumido pela ótica do capital, bem como a crítica da filosofia do direito apontada por Pachukanis (1988). Dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa observou-se que surge uma identidade profissional construída na Defensoria. No entanto, é preciso que os profissionais mantenham o enfrentamento no espaço positivista do direito para que a profissão não seja subsumida como mera função auxiliar que contribui para a manutenção e conformação das formas jurídicas existentes

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2018-09-05T12:01:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrine Passos.pdf: 1270409 bytes, checksum: f633604c69c616cf39bfa95354d23431 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T12:01:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrine Passos.pdf: 1270409 bytes, checksum: f633604c69c616cf39bfa95354d23431 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-05 / The present study analyzed the use of Family Mediation and its relationship with Public Policy in the city of Pelotas. The study had four moments: in the introduction, we indicate the objectives and the motivations for the investigation of this theme. In the second moment, we discuss the constitution of contemporary families and their challenges, ranging from the historical aspects of family formation to the analysis of the importance of the State and Social Policies focused on the family. In the third, we treat Mediation as a way of access to justice, where the main concepts were approached; its use in other countries, as well as the importance of mediation as Public Policy in the perspective of Family Law. At the end, we locate the Comarca de Pelotas; the scope of the research; the data collected with the blog of the Judicial Center for Conflict Resolution and Citizenship (CEJUSC) and also the subjects of the research that were composed of mediators and a Magistrate of the same Region, as well as reflect the use of mediation in contemporary cases. The methodological paths adopted for this research were bibliographic, documentary and questionnaire application with open and closed questions analyzed under content analysis and organized into graphs. The subjects of the research were seven (7) mediators of CEJUSC and one (1) magistrate acting in cases of family mediation between August 2016 and August 2017 in the city of Pelotas. The results obtained through the investigation indicated the need to recognize family mediation as an instrument of Access to Justice and Public Policy, since it is not widely publicized and has no financial incentive from the State and the Court of Justice, nor from the of lawyers for its use, thus not preventing further prosecution. The survey found that Pelotas has two units of CEJUSC acting and the most recurring cases are linked to divorce, child support and child custody. However, there is a need for greater investment by the State to implement and recognize this Policy / A presente pesquisa analisou a utilização da Mediação Familiar e sua relação com a Política Pública na cidade de Pelotas. O estudo teve quatro momentos: na introdução, indicamos os objetivos e as motivações para a investigação dessa temática. No segundo momento, discorremos sobre a constituição das famílias contemporâneas e seus desafios que irão, desde os aspectos históricos sobre a formação das famílias, até a análise da importância do Estado e de Políticas Sociais focalizadas na família. No terceiro, tratamos a Mediação como via de acesso à justiça, onde se abordou os principais conceitos; sua utilização noutros países, bem como a importância da mediação como Política Pública na perspectiva do Direito de Família. Ao final, situamos a Comarca de Pelotas; o âmbito de abrangência da pesquisa; os dados coletados junto ao blog do Centro Judiciário de Solução de Conflitos e Cidadania (CEJUSC) e também aos sujeitos da pesquisa que foram compostos de mediadores e um Magistrado da mesma Comarca, bem como refletimos o uso da mediação nos casos contemporâneos. Os caminhos metodológicos adotados para esta pesquisa foram levantamento bibliográfico, documental e aplicação de questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas analisadas sob análise de conteúdo e organizadas em gráficos. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram sete (7) mediadores do CEJUSC e um (1) magistrado atuantes nos casos de mediação familiar entre agosto de 2016 a agosto 2017 na cidade de Pelotas. Os resultados obtidos através da investigação indicaram a necessidade do reconhecimento da mediação familiar como um instrumento de Acesso à Justiça e Política Pública, pois o mesmo é pouco divulgado e não possui incentivo financeiro por parte do Estado e do Tribunal de Justiça, e tampouco por parte dos advogados para a sua utilização, não evitando, consequentemente, que mais processos sejam judicializados. A pesquisa constatou que Pelotas possui duas unidades do CEJUSC atuantes e os casos mais recorrentes estão ligados ao divórcio, pensão alimentícia e guarda de filhos. Contudo, há necessidade de maior investimento por parte do Estado para efetivação e reconhecimento desta Política.

This research sought to gain a deeper understanding of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector. It achieves this by exploring the perceptions of Leaders, Experts and lnfluencers regarding innovation, enablers and barriers to innovation, and examples of innovation in the sector. In this study, 'Leaders' were employees in the State Public Sector selected from the top two tiers of the Senior Executive Service position. 'Experts and lnfluencers' were individuals who were recognised as having specialized knowledge, skills and / or success regarding innovation and / or recognised as having the power to affect or influence innovation in the Western Australian Public Sector. In addition, the research also aimed to determine ways in which innovation can be enhanced in the sector. The context of this study is the Western Australia State Public Sector (WASPS) which includes departments, trade concerns, instrumentalities, agencies and state bodies run by the WA State Government. This study is significant because there is little exploration and description of the perception of innovation in the Public Sector of Australia and a lack of common understanding of innovation in the WASPS. This study enables a much greater understanding of the depth, extent and success of innovation in this sector. Innovation is vital for a public sector needing to respond to Western Australia's growth and prosperity. The description of innovation and strategies for enhancing innovation will assist in the further development of a responsive sector. / This study adopts a qualitative methodology to explore the meaning given by Leaders, Experts and lnfluencers and their perceptions of innovation in the public sector. The qualitative paradigm provides rich meaning to the research questions for the study which are: I . What are the perceptions of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector amongst Leaders? 2. What are the perceptions of innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector amongst Experts and lnfluencers? 3. What are the barriers and enablers to innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector 4. How can innovation in the Western Australian State Public Sector be enhanced? A phenomenological approach is adopted for the study which allows the structure and essence of the phenomena of innovation within the public sector to be explored. Data was collected using semi structured, in-depth interviews and data analysis using a phenomenological approach was conducted. This ensured that the experience and meaning of the phenomena of innovation is described and explained as faithfully as possible. The key findings of the study indicate that while there are pockets of innovation within the WASPS there is an overall need to enhance the capacity for innovation. / An 'emergent model' is proposed as a framework that can provide an enhanced capacity for innovation in the WASPS. This is achieved by addressing the cultural, structural and human resource barriers that exist and by simultaneously enhancing the enablers that were identified in this study. The 'emergent model' takes a strategic view with special consideration for the context for innovation within the WASPS. Inherent in this model is the need for a clear and shared definition of innovation; the creation of ideal conditions for innovation; and the development of an innovation action plan. Superimposed on this model is the need for greater capacity for, and commitment to, meaningful public consultation. In addition the study highlighted a need for strong and effective leadership throughout the Western Australia State Public Sector to enhance innovation. In making these conclusions it is recognised that this study is specific to the state public sector of Western Australia. This study opens the possibility of more extensive research within the public sector, specific to innovation. In particular, there is significant scope to explore the relationship between political and public sector leadership and the effect of this relationship on innovation. In addition, further exploration of successful innovation in the sector could better inform the type of agency in which innovation is successful and an analysis of the leadership factors that influence successful innovation. Further research regarding the ability of leaders to create an environment to enhance innovation within the sector, recruitment practices of the WASPS, and of resource allocation and its effect on innovation capacity is advocated in this study.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarciaSPC_TESE.pdf: 4120573 bytes, checksum: 9df382a1d2c8d07ec19c45231da260e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / The study of public policy typologies is still a knowledge field which lacks more embracing and applicable studies to different sectors. On that perspective, this work, Social Assistance Policy in Brazil: an analysis from the typologies on public policy, pursues to add the relevant literature to social assistance what focus on the public policy ratings. Moreover, it concerns about a study on the the national policy of social assistance implemented by the Brazilian government from the theoretical referrence of the public policy typologies. For that reason, the referential framework of the public policies as well as the analisys of its fundamentals/principles that are indispensable for achieving a bigger goal, that is to tipify the social assistance policy based on the different public policy typologies and characterize it through the main elements which are intrinsec to the social political and economic reality of Brazil. Thus, the issue suggested for the work is: what is the profile and the political trajectory of the social assistance implemented by the Brazilian Government? How it presents, above all, the features of a distributive, focused and lawful policy, the work has been done througho the following hypothesis: the social assistance policy in Brazil has been of universal, assistance, and focusing aspects. For each of those features granted to the social assistance policy, there is a gathering of changes according to the social, political and economic moment of the country and that stands out due to the different institutions within every cyclical period. The work showed that besides the social policy has gone through meaningful changes during the last decades, even though the adoption of the Organic Law of Social Assistance and its rules, some of the mentioned characteristics still remain, as long as the State s primacy goes on being the economic policies over the dubbed social policies. Notwithstanding, the social assistance will build up itself from the materialization of the growing of the social rights related to the State, but also assuming an important role on the amplified reproducing process regarding the capitalist social relations / O estudo das tipologias de pol?ticas p?blicas ainda ? um campo de conhecimento que carece de estudos mais abrangentes e aplic?veis a diferentes setores. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho, Pol?tica de assist?ncia social no Brasil: uma an?lise a partir das tipologias de pol?ticas p?blicas teve como intuito acrescer ? literatura pertinente ao tema da assist?ncia social o enfoque das classifica??es de pol?ticas p?blicas. Por conseguinte, trata-se de um estudo sobre a pol?tica nacional de assist?ncia social implementada pelo Estado brasileiro a partir do referencial te?rico das tipologias pol?ticas p?blicas. Para tanto, nos utilizamos do quadro referencial das pol?ticas p?blicas, bem como da an?lise de seus fundamentos/princ?pios que foram imprescind?veis ? obten??o do objetivo maior, que foi tipificar a pol?tica de assist?ncia social ? luz das diferentes tipologias de pol?ticas p?blicas e caracteriz?-la atrav?s de elementos centrais e que s?o intr?nsecos ? realidade sociopol?tico-econ?mico do Brasil. Desse modo, o problema de pesquisa proposto foi: qual o perfil e a trajet?ria da pol?tica de assist?ncia social implementada pelo Estado brasileiro?. Como ela apresenta, sobretudo caracter?sticas de uma pol?tica social distributiva, focalizada e de legitima??o, trabalhamos com a seguinte hip?tese: a pol?tica de assist?ncia social no Brasil tem oscilado entre o assistencialismo, a universaliza??o e a focaliza??o. Para cada uma dessas atribui??es outorgada ? pol?tica de assist?ncia social, h? um agrupamento de vari?veis postas de acordo com o momento sociopol?ticoecon?mico do pa?s e que se sobressaem pelos diferentes arranjos institucionais em cada per?odo conjuntural. A pesquisa apontou que, apesar de a pol?tica de assist?ncia social ter vivenciado mudan?as significativas nas ?ltimas d?cadas, mesmo com a aprova??o da Lei Org?nica da Assist?ncia Social e suas normas, algumas das supramencionadas caracter?sticas persistem, j? que a primazia do Estado continua sendo as pol?ticas de vi?s econ?mico em detrimento das nomeadas pol?ticas sociais. Nada obstante, a assist?ncia social vai se constituir na materializa??o da amplia??o dos direitos sociais por parte do Estado, mas tamb?m assumindo importante fun??o no processo de (re)produ??o ampliada das rela??es sociais capitalistas

Orientador: Maria Regina Guarnieri / Banca: Marilda Silva / Banca: Maria Lúcia Oliveira Suzigan Dragone / Resumo: A intenção central da presente pesquisa foi compreender o trabalho docente fora da situação de sala de aula e voltado para o preparo e organização do ensino. As questões de pesquisa que impulsionaram o estudo foram: Como as professoras utilizam o tempo de trabalho em que não estão lecionando? Que fatores interferem na forma como as professoras usam este tempo de trabalho, que se destina ao planejamento e revisão das aulas? O tempo prescrito pela legislação para o trabalho pedagógico fora da sala de aula é suficiente para que consigam realizar as atividades necessárias à prévia organização do ensino? Os objetivos da pesquisa residem na caracterização das atividades pertinentes à função docente realizadas por professoras alfabetizadoras fora do tempo e do espaço de aula; na identificação das prescrições legais no que tange ao tempo e às atividades destinados ao preparo do ensino, bem como suas relações com o trabalho efetivamente realizado. O estudo foi realizado em uma escola estadual de ensino fundamental, com cinco professoras alfabetizadoras, sendo duas iniciantes e três experientes na profissão. De natureza qualitativa, a pesquisa ocorreu em 2007. Foram utilizados os procedimentos de revisão bibliográfica, observação, questionário, entrevista, produção escrita dos sujeitos participantes e análise de material de trabalho dos mesmos, além da análise de documentos. Como resultados ao se contrastar o trabalho de professoras iniciantes e de professoras experientes, verificaram-se nítidas diferenças entre as mesmas na forma de organização do ensino e no emprego do tempo de trabalho fora da escola, voltado para o preparo das aulas. As demandas externas ao trabalho de sala de aula, tais como, as tarefas burocráticas e o uso do HTPC, interferem na forma e no tempo que as docentes destinam ao preparo do ensino conduzindo a uma sensação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present research had as main objective to understand the educational work outside the classroom situation and directed towards the teaching preparation and organization. The research issues that had directed the study had been the following: How do the teachers use their work time when they are not teaching? Which factors interfere in the way teachers use this work time, that is destined to lesson planning and review? Is time destined by the legislation for the pedagogical work outside the classroom enough so that they could carry out the activities necessary to the previous teaching organization? The research aims consist in the characterization of the activities related to the teaching function carried out by literacy teachers out of the lesson time and space; in the identification of the legal prescriptions related to time and to the activities destined to the teaching preparation, as well as their relationship with the work effectively accomplished. The qualitative research was carried out in 2007 in a primary state school, with five literacy teachers - two beginner teachers and three experienced teachers in the profession. The procedures such as bibliographical review, observation, questionnaire, interview, the participants' written production and analysis of their work material were used, besides the documental analysis. As a result from contrasting the beginner teachers' to the experienced teachers' work, clear differences in the way they organize their teaching work and the way the use their time outside the school to prepare their lessons had been verified. The external demands to the classroom's work, such as, the bureaucratic tasks and the use of the collective pedagogical working hours, intervene in the form and in the time that the teachers destine to the preparation of teaching, leading to a constant sensation of lack of time. Despite they perceive... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This diploma thesis deals with chosen views of human resources management in present state administration and state public enterprise. It is focusing principally on current system that plans needs of employees, their recruitment, adaptation process of new received employees and the Czech Post Office education in České Budějovice. The research via questionnaire was used as the fundamental method for gaining required information of human resources management. Data were analyzed separately for each organization. The further information were gained by the interview, which was not standardized, with the human resources manager of the Czech Post Office. The principal aim was an analysis of procedures and methods of personal work. Further it was investigated how the personal politics operates within the Czech Post Office and Municipal Office nowadays. The next theme was the position of human resources management in our society. Finally there is a proposal for conditions enhancement within some activities of state public enterprise and state administration.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:58:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAIMUDO NONATO.pdf: 2274511 bytes, checksum: 7e23d6d3f2302cd16d7463ab235091ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper approachs the Strategic Accounting from the perspective of the use of their instruments in public administration from the brazilian state development and implementation of strategic planning such management. In a modern world full of various demands social, environmental, technological, organizational, political etc. -, public organizations need strategic vision to meet the collective needs emanating from the social environment and are efficient and productive, too. For this, the state public administration, the unit of analysis of this work may avail himself of strategic accounting and its tools to assist it by providing elements for designing and executing its strategic plan, measure results, assess performance and establish guidelines for decision-making. It is important that the dynamic process of management awareness of their managers (in the efficient use of accounting information) and the efficiency of the holder of professional accounting (the ability to guide, suggest and participate in the process of decision making). Intended research - main focus - evaluating the use of strategic concepts and accounting procedures in the state public administrations, when developing and implementing their strategic plans, and identify strategic literature artifacts used, analyze its use in managing, locating them and consider whether the strategic decision making is guided by the information contained in accounting reports. To that end, the method used was case study, the types being used for exploratory research (as there was little literature on the subject on the public sector), qualitative field, documentary and bibliographic study of multiple cases covering four units of the Brazilian federation: Minas Gerais (pilot case), Ceará, Pernambuco and Amazonas. Questionnaires were applied together with managers, accountants, advisors and technicians linked to the state management. Research results derived from documentary research, analysis and interpretation of responses from respondents, theoretical reading, everything crossed and interpreted in the light of each management practice focused and provisions of literature on the subject. The conclusion of the research shows satisfactory results in a general view, showing the confirmation of research propositions and scope of its objectives, that is, the steps surveyed use, even informally, instruments Strategic Planning and Accounting, which may stimulate further research in this theme and influence other administrations - both state, and municipal. / Este trabalho aborda a Contabilidade Estratégica sob a perspectiva da utilização dos seus instrumentos na gestão pública estadual brasileira a partir da elaboração e execução do planejamento estratégico dessa gestão. Num mundo moderno pleno de exigências das mais variadas formas - sociais, ambientais, políticas, tecnológicas, organizacionais etc. -, as organizações públicas necessitam de visão estratégica para atender as necessidades coletivas emanadas do meio social e serem eficientes e produtivas, também. Para isso, a gestão pública estadual, unidade de análise deste trabalho, pode valer-se da Contabilidade Estratégica e de seus instrumentos para auxiliá-la, fornecendo elementos para elaborar e executar seu planejamento estratégico, aferir seus resultados, avaliar desempenhos e estabelecer diretrizes para tomada de decisões. Torna-se importante nesse processo dinâmico da gestão a conscientização dos seus gestores (na utilização eficiente das informações contábeis) e a eficiência profissional do titular da Contabilidade (na capacidade de orientar, insinuar e participar do processo de tomada de decisões). Pretendeu a pesquisa como foco principal - avaliar o emprego dos conceitos e procedimentos contábeis estratégicos nas gestões públicas estaduais brasileiras, quando da elaboração e execução dos seus planejamentos estratégicos, bem como identificar na literatura os artefatos estratégicos utilizados, analisar sua utilização na gestão, localizá-los e examinar se a tomada de decisões estratégicas é orientada pelas informações constantes dos relatórios contábeis. Com esse intuito, o método utilizado foi o estudo de caso, sendo utilizadas as tipologias de pesquisa exploratória (dada a existência de pouca literatura acerca do tema quanto ao setor público), qualitativa, de campo, documental, bibliográfica e estudo de casos múltiplos, que abrangeu quatro unidades da federação brasileira: Minas Gerais (caso piloto), Ceará, Pernambuco e Amazonas. Questionários foram aplicados junto a gestores, Contadores, assessores e técnicos vinculados à gestão estadual. Os resultados da pesquisa derivaram das investigações documentais, análise e interpretação das respostas dos respondentes, leitura dos referenciais teóricos, tudo cruzado e interpretado à luz da prática de cada gestão focada e disposições da literatura sobre o tema. A conclusão da pesquisa evidencia resultados satisfatórios numa visão geral, demonstrando a confirmação das proposições da pesquisa e o alcance dos seus objetivos, isto é, as gestões pesquisadas utilizam, mesmo informalmente, instrumentos de Planejamento e Contabilidade Estratégicos, o que poderá estimular mais pesquisas sob esse tema e influenciar as demais gestões tanto estaduais, quanto municipais.

Orientador: Germana Fernandes Barata / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:36:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gorgulho_Guilherme_M.pdf: 4859511 bytes, checksum: 5fb97b25ed97e089a196b5d00b53ec6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A endemia de hanseníase que atingiu o Estado de São Paulo nas primeiras décadas do século XX levou o governo paulista a optar pela política pública de internação compulsória dos doentes em asilos-colônia. Inspirada no modelo implantado na Noruega no final do século XIX, essa estratégia não foi resultado de consenso científico, mas de decisões do grupo político que galgou o poder a partir de 1930. Com poucas vozes dissonantes no meio acadêmico, a política isolacionista perseverou por cerca de quatro décadas em São Paulo com o apoio fundamental da imprensa e da sociedade. Esta pesquisa analisou como a imprensa paulista retratou o problema da endemia e a situação dos doentes internados compulsoriamente e como os jornais contribuíram para reforçar a manutenção da política sanitária. A hipótese que se coloca é a de que a mídia impressa se engajou na defesa dos interesses do governo estadual, apesar dos descontentamentos entre pacientes e das vozes divergentes dos cientistas. O estudo selecionou 199 textos dos jornais O Estado de S.Paulo, Folha da Noite, Folha da Manhã e Folha de S.Paulo, entre 1933 e 1967. Os métodos empregados foram análise de conteúdo quantitativa e qualitativa e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Ao longo do período estudado, 37% dos textos apoiaram a política de isolamento compulsório, enquanto apenas 16% foram contrários e 47% foram considerados neutros. Nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, a posição foi majoritariamente pró-internação obrigatória; nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, houve uma mudança de postura e os jornais começaram a publicar textos criticando a política profilática paulista. Defendendo a crença de que São Paulo cumpria no Brasil um papel de "grande potência", os jornais paulistas se mostraram comprometidos com as medidas de controle social que queriam excluir a parcela doente da sociedade. Até os anos 1950, as críticas ao modelo não tiveram espaço nos veículos de São Paulo, tendo sido publicadas principalmente na imprensa do Rio de Janeiro. A defesa da internação compulsória ou a omissão sobre os problemas vividos pelos doentes, principalmente na Era Vargas, ajudou a manter o status quo do sanitarismo de São Paulo. O apoio dos jornais à política de isolamento contribuiu para que o degredo dos doentes em São Paulo fosse extinto apenas em 1967, com cinco anos de atraso em relação à decisão federal / Abstract: The endemic leprosy that hit São Paulo state in the early decades of the twentieth century led the state government to opt for public policy of compulsory segregation of patients in asylums colonies. Inspired by the model implemented in Norway in the late nineteenth century, this strategy was not the result of scientific consensus, but the decisions of the political group that came to power in 1930. With few dissenting voices in academia, the isolationist policy persevered for about four decades in São Paulo with major support from the media and society. This research examined how the press portrayed the problem of São Paulo and the endemic situation of patients admitted compulsorily. It also examined how the newspapers contributed to strengthen the maintenance of health policy. The hypothesis is that the print media engaged in defending the interests of the state government, despite the dissatisfaction among patients and divergent voices of scientists. The study selected 199 texts of the newspapers O Estado de S.Paulo, Folha da Noite, Folha da Manhã and Folha de S.Paulo, between 1933 and 1967. The methods used were quantitative and qualitative analysis of content and semi-structured interviews. Throughout the study period, 37 percent of the texts supported the policy of compulsory isolation, while only 16 percent were opposed and 47 percent were neutral. In the 1930s and 1940s, the position was overwhelmingly pro-compulsory hospitalization. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was a change of posture and the newspapers began to publish texts criticizing the prophylactic policy from São Paulo state. The measures of social control wanted to exclude the diseased portion of society. The São Paulo newspapers were compromised with these measures arguing the belief that São Paulo fulfilled a role of "great power" in Brazil. Until the 1950s criticism to the model did not have space in these newspapers, having been published mainly in the press of Rio de Janeiro. The defense of compulsory segregation or the omission about the problems experienced by patients, mainly in the Vargas era, helped to maintain the status quo of health policy in São Paulo. With the support of the newspapers to the policy of compulsory segregation, this model of prophylaxis would be abolished in São Paulo only in 1967, with five years of delay compared to the federal decision / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestre em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

The thesis deals with project of a textbook for commercial Academmies. The theme is a legal form of business (profitable organization). The project is made in such a way the students get total information on this problems. The project is for the students of higher classes. The project consists of o theoretical part and a practical part which is intended for verification of knowledge gained.

The study sought to investigate the impact of systemic corruption in public enterprises in the Harare metropolitan area in Zimbabwe. This research study used a case and explanatory research designs as its major research approaches. The study was largely prompted by the high level of corruption in public enterprises as reported to the Anti - Corruption Commission and the media. In this study, fourteen (14) directors and twenty six (26) public enterprise officials were used as research subjects. Questionnaires, interviews and documentary reviews were used as research instruments to collect information on the impact of systemic corruption in public enterprises in the Harare metropolitan area. The study showed that low remuneration levels for both low and high level public enterprise officials, patronage appointment to higher level of management and the lack of political will to empower public enterprise officials on the evil of corruption were the causes of systemic corruption. Greed, the disintegration of work morality and ethics in the manner in which public affairs across public enterprises were being handled, were key causes of systemic corruption (see chapter 4 for details). The high level of secrecy in the management of public affairs, the lack of transparency, discipline, fairness, responsibility, equity and weak legal system on corruption were also noted to be corruption drivers. With regard the manifestation of corruption in public enterprises, it was established that systemic corruption occurred in the following forms: abuse of power, fraud, favouritism, embezzlement, weak control, extortion and ghosting.The study also showed that systemic corruption created problems such as administrative inefficiency and parasitism, a social atmosphere of tension and dishonesty within public enterprises (see chapter 4 for details). Corruption reallocated resources to the rich and powerful public officials who were aligned to the ruling party or those in authority. The study also noted that public enterprises officials were using technical complexity in procedures and regulations to conceal under-dealings.It was iv the findings of this study that rewarding for reasons not related to performance, dishonesty, over claiming expenses, falsification of reports/records and favouritism in public enterprises were high. The study also revealed that bid-rigging, shifting from core business, ghosting, and giving gratitude/gift to influence decision were some of the prevalent unethical activities in public enterprises. Against this backdrop, it is recommended that the level of remuneration in public enterprises for public officials is improved so that the minimum grounds for corruption motives are reduced. When salaries are too low, officers are obviously forced to indulge in unethical activities which in turn affect the general public directly or indirectly. It is critical that all public enterprise officials undergo training in the dimension of corruption and corporate governance as a means of empowerment. Corrupt individuals and business organisations in the Harare metropolitan area should not be employed or engaged in public related work and that public affairs must be managed in a transparent and open manner although confidentiality must be observed. The study also recommends that the appointment of public enterprise officials must be based on competence, relevant educational qualifications and experience. Another recommendation is that all cases of corruption must be treated as high level criminal cases which attract longer and deterrent court judgments (see chapter four for details). / Public Administration and Management / M.P.A.