Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana A Oliveira.pdf: 795655 bytes, checksum: cd71278ab84392899b8db3021d0e1f1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Reform of Psychiatric services in Brazil is in process of consolidation and the transition from treatment at psychiatric hospitals to rehabilitation and shelter services is still under way. As such, due to a variety of reasons, some clients of these services prefer to remain at psychiatric hospitals instead of returning to their homes. Research was carried out at a psychiatric hospital attached to SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde) and located in the city of São Paulo, in order to better understand the reasons for the resistance to disinterment. Information was gathered with clients and professionals using a diversity of research strategies (observations, conversations, interviews and participation in routine activities) during the visits made to the institution between August 2005 and March 2006. Interviews were carried out with patients that, according to the various health professionals working at this institution, externalized the "desire to remain in the internment" and with a Charity Sister that assumed the role of "spokesman" for the professional team. The analysis was base on Discursive Social Psychology in dialogue with a constructionist perspective. The desire to remain at the hospital was based on multiple factors, including lack of financial conditions, of housing, family, work and social relationships, as well as the progressive weakening of these social bonds due to frequent psychiatric internments. Moreover, the psychiatric hospital seems to function as a protective shell from a society that is intolerant with regards to mental illness. However, the desire to remain in hospital seems to be more related to lack of alternatives than to internment itself as the people that were interviewed often were sad and their speech presented many lapses and contradictions indicating paradoxical positions regarding staying in and leaving. We conclude that it is urgent to implement the proposals of the Psychiatric Reform, specially concerning strategies for strengthening social bonds in order that the desire to return to social life can truly blossom / Partindo do pressuposto que a Reforma Psiquiátrica está em pleno processo de construção e que em decorrência de seus pontos falhos, alguns usuários podem querer continuar vivendo em hospitais psiquiátricos, o presente estudo investiga, por meio das práticas discursivas de usuários e trabalhadores de um serviço de Saúde Mental da cidade de São Paulo, os sentidos que sustentam o suposto desejo de permanecer internado . Para coleta de informações elegimos um hospital psiquiátrico da cidade de São Paulo, predominantemente vinculado ao SUS, onde fizemos visitas durante o período de agosto de 2005 a março de 2006, distribuídas entre observação das rotinas, participação nas variadas atividades, entrevistas com usuárias que verbalizaram o desejo de permanecer no internamento e uma Irmã de Caridade, porta-voz da equipe profissional. A análise das informações coletadas foi sustentada a partir da perspectiva do construcionismo social. De modo geral, as entrevistas contribuíram para melhor entender o suposto desejo de permanecer no hospital psiquiátrico . A falta de condições financeiras, habitação, trabalho, relacionamentos sociais, além de internações psiquiátricas recorrentes, pareceram dificultar a reinserção social, bem como diminuir a proximidade com a família. Além disso, o hospital psiquiátrico pareceu tornar-se uma proteção do usuário em uma sociedade intolerante perante a loucura. É válido destacar as falas das usuárias sobre o hospital e a experiência de internação psiquiátrica foram acompanhadas de lapsos de linguagem e feições entristecidas, retratando o sofrimento da internação e a contradição presente em optar pela vida intra-muros. A partir dessas reflexões indaga-se sobre a urgência do fortalecimento efetivo da rede social extra-muros, a partir da estruturação da Reforma Psiquiátrica, de modo a possibilitar o desejo de retorno ao convívio social

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Longarini Ferreira.pdf: 556733 bytes, checksum: 8352bab406cd0b36af2f0a9ef71abb1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-27 / In the exercise of our accounting activities we find two branches of accounting - corporate and management accounting,, which differ in many aspects studied by several authors of the field. Both accounting branches mentioned, each one with its purpose - customer focus and needs to be met, have a history of similarities and differences. Some of these differences become critical factors that may prevent them to be integrated. This takes many companies to have two separated records and accompaniments for the preparation and presentation of numbers, which eventually also present a distinct lack of reliability and fidelity of the numbers and the bases of preparation and control. This research aims to present the concepts of these two accounting branches - corporate (also called a financial accounting) and management, presenting the main aspects that rule both. It also aims to list the differences between them, pointing out possible approaches, highlighting the critical factors in the integration, including the information system to make it possible to minimize the risks posed by such critical factors through a proposed integrative model. This model includes the preparation of a Balance Sheet and Income Statement for the year, called "General", which aim to serve the public, both corporate and management accounting (external and internal users), without losing the integrity and quality of information / No exercício de nossas atividades contábeis, deparamos-nos com duas ramificações da contabilidade, as contabilidades societária e gerencial, que se diferenciam em vários aspectos levantados por diversos autores do ramo. Ambas as ramificações contábeis mencionadas, cada qual com seu objetivo, cliente, foco e necessidades a serem atendidas, possuem histórico de similaridades e diferenciações. Algumas dessas diferenciações tornam-se fatores críticos que podem vir a impedir que tais ramificações conversem e se integrem, levando muitas companhias a possuir dois registros e acompanhamentos distintos para a elaboração e apresentação de números, que acabam sendo também diferentes e passam a apresentar falta de confiabilidade e fidelidade dos números e das bases de elaboração e controle. Esta pesquisa visa apresentar os conceitos dessas duas ramificações contábeis, societária (também chamada por contabilidade financeira) e gerencial, apresentando os principais aspectos que regem uma e outra. Também visa elencar as diferenças existentes entre elas, as possíveis aproximações e os fatores críticos na integração, inclusive no quesito sistema de informações, para que se torne possível a minimização dos riscos trazidos por tais fatores críticos por meio de uma proposta de modelo integrador. Tal modelo inclui a elaboração de duas peças contábeis, um Balanço Patrimonial e uma Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício, denominadas Gerais , que visam atender ao público tanto da contabilidade societária, quanto da contabilidade gerencial (usuários externos e internos), sem perder a integridade e qualidade da informação

Analisamos a possibilidade de oferta de ações integrais em saúde em um serviço de Atenção Primária na região oeste do município de São Paulo. Esse serviço atende à uma comunidade indígena da etnia Pankararu, residente na favela Real Parque no bairro do Morumbi, através de uma equipe específica da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Verificamos em que medida o exame de relatos de profissionais e usuários indígenas deste serviço básico de saúde poderia identificar a atenção integral às necessidades de uma comunidade específica. Utilizamos a metodologia qualitativa e examinamos 05 entrevistas realizadas a sujeitos chave, contendo profissionais e usuários indígenas, liderança indígena e profissionais não indígenas. Estas entrevistas foram realizadas por pesquisadores da pesquisa \"Caminhos da Integralidade\" e sua utilização foi autorizada para nosso estudo. Na análise e interpretação dos dados utilizamos a análise de conteúdo segundo BARDIN. Classificamos o material em quatro categorias pré-definidas segundo os sentidos atribuídos à noção de Integralidade: 1) como boa Medicina, 2) como modo de organizar as práticas de saúde, 3) como demandas específicas e 4) como construção de projetos de felicidade. Identificamos nos relatos expressões favoráveis e desfavoráveis para uma atenção integral à saúde em cada categoria. Destacamos como variáveis favoráveis: o acesso \"diferenciado\" dos indígenas aos serviços de saúde; a importância da formação profissional e o interesse individual de aproximação com a cultura indígena; e a possibilidade de articulação entre serviços de atendimento ao indígena nos diferentes níveis de atenção. Como variáveis desfavoráveis: a equipe de saúde indígena tomada como \"privilégio\"; a falta de abertura para expressões culturais no encontro entre profissional e usuário indígena e na relação entre profissionais indígenas e não indígenas; a falta de conhecimento sobre a etnia assistida; dificuldades entre as especificidades da equipe indígena e os protocolos seguidos pela equipe Estratégia Saúde da Família. Constatamos um paradoxo essencial em nossa pesquisa: a presença da equipe de saúde indígena facilitou o acesso dos Pankararu às ações de saúde, mas nem sempre, os profissionais consideraram a diversidade cultural na abordagem individual/coletiva ou a inclusão do sistema tradicional indígena de cura (Encantados) na assistência a esse grupo étnico. Percebemos também que os profissionais dessa equipe não dispunham de protocolos e de uma padronização específica da rotina de trabalho para a atenção ao indígena. Defendemos que identificar variáveis que apontam distanciamento das práticas de saúde da ideia de integralidade é essencial para investirmos nas mudanças necessárias para uma boa prática em saúde. Concluímos que a integração e a coordenação de diferentes saberes é um bom caminho para construir projetos de felicidade e encontros interativos em serviços de saúde. / In this study we analyzed the possibility of offering comprehensive healthcare in a primary healthcare service in the western area of São Paulo city. This service assists an indigenous community of the Pankararu ethnicity residing in Real Parque slum, in Morumbi neighborhood. We analysed the extent to which the assessment of reports given by health professionals and indigenous users of a basic healthcare center may identify the comprehensive attention dedicated to the needs of a specific community. We used qualitative methods and analyzed five interviews given by key subjects, namely professionals and indigenous users, indigenous leaders and non-indigenous professionals. Those interviews were conducted by a research group called \"Paths to Comprehensiveness, which has authorized the use of their material for this study. We used a content analysis method known as BARDIN to interpret the data. In doing so, we classified the material in four pre-defined categories, which relate to the meanings attributed to the notion of comprehensiveness: (1) as good practice of Medicine; (2) as a way of organizing healthcare practices; (3) as specific demands; and (4) as the development of happiness projects. We identified in the reports both favorable and unfavorable attitudes towards a comprehensive healthcare assistance for each category. We highlight as favorable variables: the \"differentiated\" access to indigenous users to the healthcare services; the importance of the professional\'s background and their personal interest in the indigenous population; and the possibility of communication among service providers specialised in indigenous users in different degrees of attention. As unfavorable variables: the indigenous health team seen as a\"privilege; the lack of communication channels for cultural concerns during meetings between a professional and an indigenous user and in the relationships between indigenous and non-indigenous professionals; the lack of knowledge about the assisted ethnical group; and difficulties between the specialties of the indigenous team and the protocols followed by the Health Strategy of the Family team. We found an essential paradox in our research: the presence of the indigenous healthcare team facilitated the access of the Pankararus to healthcare services, but the professionals did not always take into consideration the cultural diversity in the process of providing individual or collective care; neither did they consider the inclusion of the traditionally indigenous system of cure (the Enchanted) when assisting that ethnic group. We further noticed that the professionals of that team did not use any protocols or a specific standardization of their practices when assisting the indigenous. We defend the notion that identifying variables that broaden the gap between healthcare practices and the idea of Comprehensiveness is essential for us to invest in the changes that will be necessary for good healthcare practices. Our conclusion is that the integration and the coordination of different knowledge is a good way to build projects of happiness and integrative encounters in healthcare services.

Compte tenu des évolutions technologiques et réglementaires actuelles, l’apparition de la technologie LED décuple lespossibilités de conception d’environnements lumineux adaptés aux attentes et besoins des usagers. Bien qu’ingénieurs etarchitectes accordent une importance croissante à la qualité de l’éclairage, peu d’éléments fondamentaux de l’environnementlumineux ont été scientifiquement identifiés au regard des attentes des clients dans le secteur de l’hôtellerie.Dans ce contexte, notre projet de recherche vise à mieux comprendre la perception des environnements lumineux de chambresd’hôtel du point de vue de l’usager, le client de l’hôtel lui-même. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que l’évaluation d’un environnementlumineux dépend à la fois des caractéristiques physiques de l’éclairage, de la situation dans laquelle il est perçu ainsi que descaractéristiques individuelles des usagers qui le perçoivent.Une méthodologie en trois phases a été construite pour tester cette hypothèse et accéder au jugement d’appréciation desusagers d’une chambre d’hôtel en situation réelle. La première phase de ce programme de recherche a permis de mettre enévidence l’importance que le client accorde à la lumière en fonction des situations d’usage qui ponctuent son séjour à l’hôtel,telles que la situation de détente ou de travail. La deuxième phase du programme a conduit à la sélection des paramètres del’éclairage pertinents dans la conception d’environnements lumineux de chambres d’hôtel, fondée sur les préférences de laclientèle. La troisième et dernière phase a permis de mesurer l’influence de la situation d’usage sur l’évaluation desenvironnements lumineux variables en termes de niveaux de lumière (30% et 100% du flux) et de températures de couleur(2700 K, 4200 K).Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que les environnements lumineux préférés des usagers sont caractérisés par une teintechaude et une faible quantité de lumière lors d’une situation de détente, contrairement à une situation de travail où une teintechaude et une forte quantité de lumière des environnements lumineux sont préférées. Des différences dans les caractéristiquesindividuelles, telles que le genre et l’âge, modulent les jugements d’appréciation.De plus, notre projet de recherche porte un enjeu méthodologique, celui de la construction d’un dispositif expérimentalpermettant la formulation et le recueil du jugement d’appréciation des usagers, relatif à l’environnement lumineux d’unechambre d’hôtel dans un contexte écologique. / Given the current changes in technologies and regulations, the emergence of LED technology multiplies the possibilities ofdesigning indoor and outdoor luminous environments adaptable to user’s needs and expectations. Although engineers andarchitects care about lighting quality, few fundamental elements of luminous environments have been evidenced as importantregarding customers’ expectations in the hospitality.In this context, our thesis aimed at better understanding the perception of light environments in hotel rooms from a users’perspective, the hotel customer itself. We assumed that the judgment of appreciation of a luminous environment depended onits lighting parameters, but also the situation during which the luminous environment was perceived and the individualcharacteristics of the users who perceived it.A three-step methodology was designed to test this hypothesis and to retrieve the judgment of appreciation of the users undera real situation in a hotel room. The first phase of this research program highlighted the importance attached by customers tolight depending on the activities undertaken during his/her stay, such as a situation of leisure or a situation of work. The secondenabled the selection of the relevant lighting parameters to design a luminous environment in a hotel room based oncustomers’ preferences. The third phase was set out to measure the influence of the situation on the assessment ofappreciation of luminous environments varying in terms of illuminance (30% of luminous flux vs 100%) and color temperature(2700K, 4200K).Overall, the users preferred the luminous environment characterized by warm white and dim light while relaxing, whereas theypreferred a warm white and bright light when working. Differences in individual characteristics like age and gender influencedthe assessment of appreciation.Moreover, the methodological issue of our project was to develop an experimental device allowing the formulation and thecollection of the users’ assessments of appreciation regarding luminous environments in a hotel room under an ecologicalcontext.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-07T11:27:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Poliana Nascimento Arruda - 2015.pdf: 2671904 bytes, checksum: 0ccd127461223a3858ff55187eeb2597 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-07T11:30:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Poliana Nascimento Arruda - 2015.pdf: 2671904 bytes, checksum: 0ccd127461223a3858ff55187eeb2597 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T11:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Poliana Nascimento Arruda - 2015.pdf: 2671904 bytes, checksum: 0ccd127461223a3858ff55187eeb2597 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The existence of basic sanitation, as well as its quality is essential to the composition of a healthy environment. Several factors influence the search for quality services as fair tariffs, satisfaction of users of services, the management and the management sanitary actions among other attributes that basic sanitation of the municipality must contain and influence in achieving satisfactory index under health, education, economy, etc. This study aimed conduct a survey the characteristics of the Water Supply Systems (SAA) and System Sewage (SES), covering the management of services, collection and control, user satisfaction and the quality of the water distributed, and as the contents of Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (DDA) in 21 municipalities in the state of Goiás in the management of sanitation services are performed by public bodies, or by municipalities through local authorities, departments and offices. The characteristics of the systems were obtained through on-site visits with application forms for healthcare managers, as well as forms of satisfaction for consumers in the period 2012 to 2014. The water quality data and DDA incidence come from respectively the Ministry of Health programs, Environmental Health Surveillance related to Water Quality for Human Consumption (Vigiagua) and Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases Monitoring (MDDA) for the year 2014. It was observed that in ten municipalities systems are managed by local authorities, four by departments and offices and seven without specific organ. The absence of water treatment was found in seven counties, six without specific organ, explaining the relationship with the management. In sewage noticed a deficiency in the presence of black tanks fully in 57,1% of the municipalities. The satisfaction of the population is related to economic, cultural and political factors, the latter being the predominant on the situation of public water and sewage, wherein the way management influences the existence of better infrastructure conditions. In the 21 municipalities tariff revisions occur in different ways and there is not a specific regulatory entity, the collection was observed in 67% of these municipalities. It was observed that in 21 municipalities there is a greater need as investment in infrastructure and the Goiana Agency Regulation, the regulatory body of the 225 remaining municipalities in the state of Goiás, while not complying with the law in all its spheres, contributes effectively in quality the services offered. As for water quality, it was found that the municipalities that do not have treated water levels above 70% of samples outside the potability standard were found, not being a correlation between the incidence of DDA and this aspect. Compliance with the guidelines Vigiagua is unsatisfactory, particularly for fluoride parameter and turbidity. It needs to occur an interaction between environmental and health sectors for the data to be analyzed together in order to be practical preventive, educational and corrective actions. / A existência de saneamento básico, assim como sua qualidade é essencial para a composição de um ambiente salubre. Diversos fatores influenciam na busca por serviços de qualidade, como tarifas justas, a satisfação dos usuários dos serviços, a gestão e o gerenciamento das ações sanitárias entre outros atributos que o saneamento básico do município deve conter e que influenciam no alcance de índices satisfatórios no âmbito da saúde, educação, economia e etc. Esse estudo objetivou realizar um levantamento das características dos Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água (SAA) e Sistema de Esgotamento Sanitário (SES), abrangendo a gestão dos serviços, a cobrança e a regulação, a satisfação dos usuários e a qualidade da água distribuída, bem como os índices de Doenças Diarreicas Agudas (DDA) em 21 municípios do estado de Goiás em que a gestão dos serviços de saneamento são realizadas por entidades de direito público, ou seja, pela prefeituras por meio de autarquias, departamentos e secretarias. As características dos sistemas foram obtidas por meio de visitas in loco com aplicação de formulários para os gestores dos sistemas, além de formulários de satisfação para os consumidores no período de 2012 a 2014. Os dados da qualidade da água e da incidência de DDA são oriundos respectivamente dos programas do Ministério da Saúde, Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde relacionada à Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Vigiagua) e Monitoramento de Doenças Diarreicas Agudas (MDDA) referentes ao ano de 2014. Observou-se que em dez municípios os sistemas são geridos por autarquias, quatro por departamentos e secretarias e sete não possuem órgão específico. A ausência de tratamento de água foi encontrada em sete municípios, sendo seis sem órgão específico, explicitando a relação com a gestão. No esgotamento sanitário notou-se uma deficiência com a presença de fossas negras integralmente em 57,1% dos municípios. A satisfação da população está relacionada a fatores econômicos, culturais e políticos, sendo esse último o preponderante para a situação dos serviços públicos de água e esgoto, sendo que a forma de gestão influencia na existência de melhores condições de infraestrutura. Nos 21 municípios as revisões tarifárias ocorrem de diferentes formas não havendo um ente regulador específico, sendo observada a cobrança em 67% desses municípios. Foi observado que nos 21 municípios há uma maior carência quanto aos investimentos em infraestrutura e que a Agência Goiana de Regulação, órgão regulador dos 225 municípios restantes do estado de Goiás, mesmo não cumprindo com a legislação em todas as suas esferas, contribui efetivamente na qualidade dos serviços oferecidos. Quanto a qualidade da água, foi verificado que nos municípios que não possuem água tratada índices acima de 70% de amostras fora do padrão de potabilidade foram encontradas, não sendo verificada correlação entre a incidência de DDA e esse quesito. O cumprimento das diretrizes do Vigiagua encontra-se insatisfatória, principalmente para o parâmetro flúor e turbidez. É necessário que ocorra uma interação entre os setores ambientais e de saúde para que os dados sejam analisados em conjunto no intuito de haver práticas de ações preventivas, educativas e corretivas.

As fotografias de obras de arte, objeto empírico desta pesquisa, proveem condições para a realização do registro de um conjunto de informações visuais e sua consequente institucionalização. Com base neste objeto empírico, procurou-se identificar quais os desafios presentes na criação e na manutenção de acervos de fotografias de obras de arte em ambiente eletrônico, considerando-se as necessidades de informação dos usuários especializados. Para estudar estes desafios, a pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um estudo exploratório, que diz respeito às particularidades associadas à criação e à manutenção de acervos de fotografias de obras de arte em ambiente eletrônico. A partir da revisão de literatura foi possível identificar, de antemão, que o problema não está na tecnologia, ou seja, no uso do melhor software, mas sim no processo de criação e manutenção dos acervos de fotografias de obras de arte. Para entender como este processo se desenvolve, foi necessário o estudo das características do acervo de fotografias de obras de arte de um Serviço de Informação cuja instituição possui cursos na área de Artes Visuais, assim como o estudo do comportamento informacional dos potenciais usuários desse acervo. Para o estudo de caso, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: observação direta não estruturada, entrevista não estruturada e questionário. Pode-se perceber que as fotografias de obras de arte são utilizadas para atividades didáticas, e que as bases de dados on-line representam uma solução apropriada à demanda por fotografias; os usuários realizam pesquisas semanais de fotografias; os tipos de fotografias mais procurados são de pintura e de desenhos; e os respondentes utilizam as fotografias para pesquisa em criação artística e em arte teórica. Mas, para a criação e a manutenção da base de dados, alguns desafios precisam ser superados, como, por exemplo, a definição de critérios referentes às características técnicas e de conteúdo das fotografias, e questões de direitos autorais. Dentre todos os desafios, o de maior destaque diz respeito à identificação das necessidades de informação visual dos usuários especializados e como as fotografias das obras de arte serão utilizadas nas atividades didáticas. No caso da instituição estudada, a principal solicitação foi a inclusão no acervo das fotografias dos trabalhos artísticos dos artistas da própria instituição. O estudo confirmou que os usuários não querem um acervo que seja mera duplicação dos conteúdos de museus, galerias ou de outros serviços de informação. Assim, foi possível constatar a importância da realização, com maior frequência, de estudos de uso e usuários de fotografias de obras de arte; que a adoção de uma política de seleção e desenvolvimento de coleções de fotografias de obras de arte, impressa ou digital, é indispensável; e que para a criação de uma base de dados on-line a adoção de padrões de metadados e questões de interoperabilidade são indispensáveis, mas dependem de estudos e reflexões, como os desafios apontados neste trabalho. / Photographs of works of art, which constitute the empirical object of this research, make possible the existence of a collection of visual information and its consequent institutionalization. Based on this empirical object, we have tried to identify the challenges related to the creation and maintenance of collections of photographs of works of art in an electronic environment, considering the informational needs of specialized users. In order to deal with these challenges, we aimed at doing an exploratory study regarding the particularities of the creation and maintenance of collections of photographs of works of art in an electronic environment. Starting with the review of the existing literature, it was possible to identify beforehand that the problem is not technological indeed, i.e., it is not about the use of the best software, but it lies instead in the process of creation and maintenance of collections of photographs of works of art. In order to understand this process, it was necessary to study the characteristics of the collection of photographs of works of art of the information service of an institution which offers courses in the field of Visual Arts, as well as the informational behaviour of the potential users of this collection. For this case study, the following data collection techniques were used: unstructured direct observation, unstructured interview and a questionnaire. It was possible to observe: the photographs of works of art are used for educational ends, and online databases constitute an appropriate solution to the demand for photographs; users do weekly research for photographs; the kinds of photographs most sought after are those of paintings and drawings; informants use the photographs for research in artistic creation and in theoretical art. Still, for the creation and maintenance of the database, some challenges need to be overcome, such as the definition of criteria regarding the technical characteristics of the photographs and their content, as well as issues of copyright. Among these challenges, the one that stands out concerns the identification of the visual information needs of specialized users, and of how the photographs of works of art will be used in the educational activities. In the case of the institution where this study was conducted, the main request was the inclusion, in its collection, of photographs of works of art produced by the artists of the institution. The study confirmed that users do not want a collection that is nothing but the mirroring of the collections of museums, galleries, or other information services. It was also possible to observe: how important it is to carry out studies about the use and the users of photographs of works of art, on a more regular basis; the adoption of a policy for the selection and development of collections of physical or digital photographs of works of art is indispensable; and, for the creation of an online database, the adoption of metadata standards and the considering of issues of interoperability are essential, but these measures depend on studies and reflections, such as those indicated in this work.

Le texte spécialisé dans le domaine de la surdité est un phénomène complexe où les termes ont une fonction sémantique très importante. Le discours actualise le sens des termes et donne suite à de nouvelles significations dynamiques. Le corpus bilingue (français, arabe) est représentatif de différents types de discours et de niveaux de spécialisation notamment lorsqu’il s’agit de comparer la terminologie de la surdité entre les pays arabes (Liban, Syrie et Jordanie). Les termes, qui sont responsables de transmettre les connaissances relatives à une spécialité, constituent aujourd'hui un objet d'étude central pour la terminologie. Leur extraction s’effectue non seulement par la méthode manuelle mais aussi à travers les nouveaux logiciels d’extraction automatique. Cette thèse prend en considération les besoins linguistiques des usagers qui sont dorénavant les vrais consommateurs de terminologie. Elle a pour objectif de faire une approche socioterminologique et textuelle du domaine de la surdité en mettant la lumière sur les phénomènes étudiés comme la synonymie, la variation terminologique, la vulgarisation, la métaphore, la traduction et autres. Sa retombée étant la constitution d’une base de données terminologique trilingue qui répond aux exigences des spécialistes et des non-spécialistes. / The specialized text in the domain of deafness is a complex phenomenon where terms have important semantic functions. The discourse updates the meaning of terms and brings up new dynamic significations. The bilingual corpus (French, Arabic) is representative of different types of discourse and levels of specialization especially when it comes to comparing the terminology of deafness in the three Arab countries (Lebanon, Syria, Jordan). Terms in charge of transmitting knowledge of special fields represent nowadays a central object of study for terminology. The extraction of terms can be made manually but also by means of new automatic term extraction software. Our doctoral thesis takes into consideration the linguistic needs of language users that are considered from now on the real consumers of terminology. This thesis is intended for socioterminological and textual approaches of the domain of deafness. It highlights the studied phenomena such as synonymy, terminology variation, scientific popularization, metaphor, translation and many other phenomena. The result of the thesis research being the construction of a trilingual terminological data base, it meets the requirements of specialists and non-specialists.

The broad aim of this research was to assess the decision-usefulness of environmental reports produced by South African companies that are listed on the Johanessburg Securities Exchange (JSE) to users of the reports. The study was motivated by a lack of research on the decision-usefulness of environmental reports in South Africa. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase in form of a content analysis evaluated the decision-usefulness of the environmental reports of top 100 JSE-listed South African companies using a control list and a judgement scale. The second phase in form of a questionnaire survey was aimed at determining, the information needs of users of environmental reports produced by South African companies (that are listed on the JSE), the extent to which they read and employ the reports for making decisions. In addition, this phase was meant to ascertain the degree of users' satisfaction with the decision-usefulness of the environmental reports as well as elicit their suggestions on ways of improving the reports. Furthermore, the second phase was aimed at determining the users’ perception of the relative importance of environmental reports as well as ascertaining whether there was an expectation gap between the users and the preparers of the reports with regard to their decision-usefulness. The results of the content analysis phase of the study indicate that the environmental reports of the sampled companies were decision-useful, however their decision-usefulness varied widely. Although decision-useful, the environmental reports of the sampled companies were not comparable. In addition, the environmental reports of companies from sectors with a significant impact on the environment, and those of large companies were more decision-useful than the reports of companies from sectors with an insignificant impact on the environment and those of smaller companies. The results of the questionnaire survey phase of the study indicate that users prefer balanced environmental reports that disclose both negative and positive aspects that identify and describe key relevant issues, that are specific and contain accurate information, and that provide future oriented information. In addition, users prefer environmental reports that identify and address key stakeholders and their concerns, demonstrate the integration of environmental issues into core business processes, and that compare quantitative impacts against best practice. Furthermore, the results also indicate that users do read environmental reports, mostly from companies’ websites Portable Document Format (PDF) annual reports and that they mostly use the environmental reports for research, their own knowledge, and to hold companies accountable. However, users are not fully satisfied with the decision-usefulness of the environmental reports as they feel that there is a need to improve the reports in order to make them more decision-useful. The results also indicate that users perceive environmental reports to be more important than any other type of reports, most notably the financial reports. Comparing the responses of the users to those of preparers on various issues pertaining to the decision-usefulness of environmental reports, significant differences were found between the views of the two groups. These differences provide ample evidence that is consistent with the existence of an environmental reporting expectation gap in South Africa. This study makes several original contributions to environmental reporting literature, most notable of which is that, it is the first study in the South African context to empirically evaluate the quality (decision-usefulness) of environmental reports in line with the accounting conceptual frameworks and the GRI guidelines combined. By so doing, the study introduces to the academic literature an extensive five dimensional qualitative characteristic framework for evaluating the quality (decision-usefulness) of environmental reports. In addition, the study uniquely employs the decision-usefulness theory to provide insights into the environmental reporting practices of South African companies that are listed on the JSE. In so doing, it re-contextualises the theory that is typically employed in explaining financial reporting, and demonstrates its applicability in explaining the decision-usefulness of the environmental reporting practices of South African companies that are listed on the JSE. / Accounting / D. Com. (Accounting)

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to apply a name user perspective to the street names of Stockholm, with a focus on knowledge and views about names among the city’s inhabitants. On the basis of interview surveys, a picture is presented of the knowledge and views of Stockholmers regarding their city’s street names and the semantic or thematic name categories to which many of them belong; that is, the study seeks to identify general features of the ways in which the people of the city relate to their street names. Surveys were carried out in seven districts: Hedvig Eleonora parish, Hjorthagen, Fredhäll, Norra Ängby, Årsta, Fruängen and Akalla. A separate survey studied the range and associative properties of street names among Stockholmers not living in the vicinity of the streets in question.</p><p>General findings emerging from the surveys are that people are very familiar with the names in their local area; that knowledge about these names contributes to their well-being and sense of identity and belonging; that name categories are appreciated and considered to have an orientating function; that names which are seen as elegant or distinguished are regarded as enhancing the image and perceptions of the environment in which they occur; that long names and those made up of several words may be regarded as unwieldy in practical use; and that people need and create names for more limited park and recreational areas, while formally adopted names for larger green spaces are not used or are felt to be unclear in their reference.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to apply a name user perspective to the street names of Stockholm, with a focus on knowledge and views about names among the city’s inhabitants. On the basis of interview surveys, a picture is presented of the knowledge and views of Stockholmers regarding their city’s street names and the semantic or thematic name categories to which many of them belong; that is, the study seeks to identify general features of the ways in which the people of the city relate to their street names. Surveys were carried out in seven districts: Hedvig Eleonora parish, Hjorthagen, Fredhäll, Norra Ängby, Årsta, Fruängen and Akalla. A separate survey studied the range and associative properties of street names among Stockholmers not living in the vicinity of the streets in question. General findings emerging from the surveys are that people are very familiar with the names in their local area; that knowledge about these names contributes to their well-being and sense of identity and belonging; that name categories are appreciated and considered to have an orientating function; that names which are seen as elegant or distinguished are regarded as enhancing the image and perceptions of the environment in which they occur; that long names and those made up of several words may be regarded as unwieldy in practical use; and that people need and create names for more limited park and recreational areas, while formally adopted names for larger green spaces are not used or are felt to be unclear in their reference.