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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

"We will die and become science" the production of invisibility and public knowledge about Chernobyl radiation effects in Belarus /

Kuchinskaya, Olga. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 10, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-305).
2

Recreation of Chernobyl trauma in Svetlana Aleksiyevich's Chernobylʹskaya molitva

Scribner, Doris. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 15, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
3

La mise en récit de l’accident de Fukushima Dai Ichi par le directeur de la centrale : Le coping en situation extrême / The narrative of the Fukushima Dai Ichi accident by the plant's supervisor : coping in extreme situations

Afrouss, Aissame 19 December 2017 (has links)
Plusieurs analyses ont tenté d’analyser l’accident de Fukushima Dai Ichi. Ces publications proposent surtout des mesures préventives et mobilisent des approches classiques de la sécurité nucléaire. Ainsi, l’aspect humain de la gestion de la crise en temps réel trouve peu de place.Les auditions par le Gouvernement de Yoshida, le directeur de la centrale, permettent de combler ce vide. Nous les considérons comme un récit de vie, dans lequel le directeur dépeint son vécu en situation extrême. Durant quatre jours, le collectif autour de lui fait face à des conditions d’intervention extrêmement entravées et avec des ressources très limitées. Malgré une menace de leur intégrité physique, psychologique et sociale, ils parviennent à surmonter la difficulté et à éviter le pire.Le concept de "coping" désigne justement les efforts effectués dans des situations stressantes. Ces efforts dépendent de la représentation que l’individu a de la situation. Dès lors, une approche qualitative du récit de Yoshida nous permet d’étudier les stratégies de coping mobilisées pendant l’accident et les différents facteurs qui les ont influencés. Nos résultats montrent que si ces stratégies sont actives au début de la crise, l’impossibilité d’agir et le tarissement des ressources rendent Yoshida passif et le plongent dans des considérations morbides. L’anticipation et l’élaboration de solutions alternatives laissent leur place à la résignation.D’autre part, hormis les explications techniques et opérationnelles, le directeur nous décrit dans son récit les conditions émotionnelles, cognitives et relationnelles de la gestion de l’accident. Il rend hommage à ses travailleurs qui sont décrits comme des héros méconnus. La construction du récit de vie lui permet de réhabiliter son collectif en se représentant comme membre d’un groupe ayant sauvé le Japon en prenant des risques inouïs, sans être soutenu.Les récits de vie nous donnent un accès aux événements tels qu’ils ont été vécus. Ils nous éclairent sur les ressorts qui permettent aux organisations de redéfinir leur action dans des situations à la fois dangereuses et urgentes. Ils remettent ainsi l’humain au centre des analyses des accidents. / The Fukushima Dai Ichi nuclear accident was analysed in many publications. These studies followed classical approaches and focused on drawing lessons to improve nuclear facilities’ preventive measures. Therefore, the human aspect of the crisis management is not addressed enough.The hearings of the plant’s superintendent Yoshida by the Government’s inquiry Committee may help us tackle this issue. We consider that the transcriptions of the hearings are a life narrative of superintendent Yoshida. This narrative depicts his experience throughout an extreme situation. During four days, the workers around him dealt with extremely harsh conditions and had very limited resources available. Despite the threat to their physical, psychological and social integrity, they managed to overcome the hardship and prevented the worse from happening.Coping is a notion that refers to the specific efforts carried out to adjust to stressful situations. These efforts depend on the representation the individual forms of the situation. A qualitative study of Yoshida’s narrative allows us then to understand coping strategies carried out and the individual and contextual factors that came into play. We found that coping strategies were active after the arrival of the tsunami, but with the scarcity of resources and the impossibility to intervene on the reactors, Yoshida became more passive and began having morbid thoughts. As the crisis unfolded, anticipation and elaboration of alternative solutions left room to resignation.The narrative provides us technical and operational explanations, but Yoshida also describes emotional, cognitive and relational aspects of the crisis management. He pays tribute to the workers depicted as unsung heroes. The construction of his life narrative allows him to rehabilitate his collective of workers that took incredible risks to save Japan with very little support.Life narratives provide us with events as they have been experienced. They highlight the mechanisms that help organisations redefine their action in dangerous and urgent situations. Life narratives help us put the human back at the centre of accidents analyses.
4

Pré-processador matemático para o código Relap5 utilizando o Microsoft Excel / Mathematic preprocessor for RELAP5 code using Microsoft Excel

Paladino Biaty, Patricia Andrea 17 March 2006 (has links)
O estudo termo-hidráulico, utilizado para análise de acidentes e transientes em reatores nucleares, é feito com o uso de algumas ferramentas computacionais sofisticadas. Esses programas utilizam uma filosofia realista (best estimate) para análise de acidentes e transientes em reatores refrigerados à água leve do tipo PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) e sistemas associados. O código RELAP5, objeto de nosso estudo, tem sido usado como uma ferramenta para o licenciamento de instalações nucleares no nosso país. Uma das maiores dificuldades na simulação de acidentes e transientes em uma instalação nuclear com o código RELAP5 é a quantidade de informações necessárias, que na maioria dos casos é muito grande. Além disso, existe a necessidade de uma quantidade razoável de operações matemáticas para os cálculos da geometria dos componentes. Portanto, a fim de facilitar a manipulação destas informações, percebeu-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um pré-processador amigável com o usuário, para realização desses cálculos e para elaboração dos dados de entrada do RELAP5. A ferramenta escolhida foi o MS-EXCEL, que apresentou grande potencialidade no desenvolvimento do pré-processador desejado. / Computational program are used for thermal hydraulic analysis of accidents and transients conditions in nuclear power plants. The RELAP5 code has been developed to simulate accidents and transients conditions, performing a best estimate analysis, in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) and auxiliary systems. The RELAP5 code, which has been used as a tool for licensing nuclear facilities in Brazil, is the objective of the study performed in this work. The main problem in using the RELAP5 code is the huge amount of information necessary to model the nuclear reactor and thus to simulate thermal-hydraulic accidents. Moreover, the RELAP5 code input data requires a large amount of mathematical operations to calculate the geometry of the plant components. Therefore, in order to make easier the data input for the RELAP5 code a friendly preprocessor has been developed. The preprocessor accepts basic information about the geometry of the plant components and performs all the calculations needed for the RELAP5 input. This preprocessor has been developed based on the MS-EXCEL software.
5

Malignancies in Sweden after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 /

Tondel, Martin, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
6

Znalosti obyvatel ČR o radiačních rizicích vyplývajících z havárie v jaderné elektrárně Černobyl. / The knowledge of the population of the Czech Republic about the radiation risks resulting from accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.

JAROŠ, Luboš January 2013 (has links)
The Chernobyl disaster is still considered to be one of the biggest catastrophic accidents in the history of nuclear energetics. After the explosion of the nuclear reactor, abundance of radioactive substance escaped to the atmosphere and in the shape of the radioactive cloud affected even the area of the former Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Political parties and state authorities reacted on this situation by setting up the state committee, which under political pressure intentionally concealed the information about the risks and consequences of the disaster for the Czechoslovak population. The collapse of the regime not only revealed the crisis of the mistrust to the official sources of information, but also improved the effort of getting information from unofficial and, according to regime, illegal sources. The Chernobyl disaster also caused the mistrust to nuclear energetics. Therefore construction and initiation of the Temelín nuclear power station elicited the interest to the information about The Chernobyl disaster. I have decided to authenticate in my thesis, how well the residents of the Czech Republic are familiar with the Chernobyl disaster and how objective their knowledge about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster at present are. I found out the state of the foreknowledge of the residents of the Czech Republic about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster by means of questionnaires, where 200 respondents were interviewed. For more detailed research, I divided the residents of the Czech Republic into two groups. The first one consisted of the inhabitants that live in the zone of the disaster preparedness of the Temelín nuclear power station and comprise one half of respondents. The second group consisted of the inhabitants that live of the zone of the disaster preparedness. I drew up questions in the questionnaire in order to include the given problems completely ? from the knowledge about the risks arising from the disaster and emission of the radioactive substances to their consequences for human?s health and the way of reduction their impacts on the population of the Czech Republic. I evaluated the answers from the respondents to the single answers and drew up the tables. I accomplished them by the percentage evaluation of the right and wrong answers, computation of total mean of the achieved points and the total percentage success rate. The evaluation of the knowledge of the respondents of the Czech Republic was accomplished on the basis of the value of total mean of the achieved points and percentage success rate. I did a statistical evaluation by testing normality using ?2 Pearson's chi-squared test. The mutual comparison of the knowledge I did by testing by means of the two-sample t-test on the basis of the guess of the empirical parameters from each group. On the basis of this evaluation of the results of the questionnaire I can declare that the knowledge of the residents of the Czech Republic about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster are at a very good level. The results also proved that inhabitants of the zone of the disaster preparedness of the Temelín nuclear power station have greater knowledge about the radiological risks arising from the Chernobyl disaster than the rest of the Czech Republic. It can be observed in the conclusion that all predetermined aims were successfully achieved and the results of the questionnaire also proved the assigned hypothesis.
7

Pré-processador matemático para o código Relap5 utilizando o Microsoft Excel / Mathematic preprocessor for RELAP5 code using Microsoft Excel

Patricia Andrea Paladino Biaty 17 March 2006 (has links)
O estudo termo-hidráulico, utilizado para análise de acidentes e transientes em reatores nucleares, é feito com o uso de algumas ferramentas computacionais sofisticadas. Esses programas utilizam uma filosofia realista (best estimate) para análise de acidentes e transientes em reatores refrigerados à água leve do tipo PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) e sistemas associados. O código RELAP5, objeto de nosso estudo, tem sido usado como uma ferramenta para o licenciamento de instalações nucleares no nosso país. Uma das maiores dificuldades na simulação de acidentes e transientes em uma instalação nuclear com o código RELAP5 é a quantidade de informações necessárias, que na maioria dos casos é muito grande. Além disso, existe a necessidade de uma quantidade razoável de operações matemáticas para os cálculos da geometria dos componentes. Portanto, a fim de facilitar a manipulação destas informações, percebeu-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um pré-processador amigável com o usuário, para realização desses cálculos e para elaboração dos dados de entrada do RELAP5. A ferramenta escolhida foi o MS-EXCEL, que apresentou grande potencialidade no desenvolvimento do pré-processador desejado. / Computational program are used for thermal hydraulic analysis of accidents and transients conditions in nuclear power plants. The RELAP5 code has been developed to simulate accidents and transients conditions, performing a best estimate analysis, in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) and auxiliary systems. The RELAP5 code, which has been used as a tool for licensing nuclear facilities in Brazil, is the objective of the study performed in this work. The main problem in using the RELAP5 code is the huge amount of information necessary to model the nuclear reactor and thus to simulate thermal-hydraulic accidents. Moreover, the RELAP5 code input data requires a large amount of mathematical operations to calculate the geometry of the plant components. Therefore, in order to make easier the data input for the RELAP5 code a friendly preprocessor has been developed. The preprocessor accepts basic information about the geometry of the plant components and performs all the calculations needed for the RELAP5 input. This preprocessor has been developed based on the MS-EXCEL software.
8

Stable Iodine Distribution Among Children After the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Disaster in Japan: An Observational Study / 福島第一原子力発電所事故後の小児への安定ヨウ素剤配布に関する観察研究

Nishikawa, Yoshitaka 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22337号 / 医博第4578号 / 新制||医||1041(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 福原 俊一, 教授 鈴木 実 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
9

Developpements d'outils d'aide au diagnostic en contexte incertain / Development of a diagnostic support tools in uncertain context

Mabrouk, Ahmed 13 September 2016 (has links)
Le diagnostic des scénarios d'accidents nucléaires graves représente un enjeu majeur pour la sûreté nucléaire et la gestion de crise. Le problème est complexe à cause de la complexité des phénomènes physiques et chimiques sous-jacents des accidents graves, la difficulté de la compréhension des différentes corrélations entre ces derniers, et de surcroît la rareté des base de données descriptives. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse vise à proposer un outil dédié à la modélisation et au diagnostic des scénarios d'accident à base de réseaux bayésiens. L'usage des réseaux bayésiens reposera sur l'apprentissage à partir de bases de données de calculs créés avec le logiciel de calcul d'accident grave ASTEC. Dans ce contexte, l'utilisation des réseaux bayésiens a été, tout au long de ce travail doctoral, sujet à de nombreuses difficultés, notamment l'apprentissage de ces derniers à partir des données accidentelles qui, suite à de nombreuses études menées, ne se sont avérées pas tout à fait pertinentes pour mener à bien cette tâche. Ces difficultés proviennent principalement du fait que les données utilisées sont d'un coté de nature continue et de l'autre côté reliées à la fois par des relations déterministes et probabilistes. Ces deux contraintes posent un sérieux problème pour les algorithmes de construction des réseaux bayésiens qui supposent à la fois que toutes les relations entre variables sont de nature probabiliste et l'ensemble des variables utilisées sont de nature factorielle (ou discrète). Concernant le premier point, nous avons proposé un nouvel algorithme d’apprentissage de structure utilisant un ensemble de nouvelles règles (dont l'efficacité a été prouvée théoriquement et expérimentalement). Concernant l’étape de discrétisation, nous avons proposé une approche multivariée, qui d’après une étude expérimentale détaillée, nous a permis de pallier les inconvénients des algorithmes de l'état de l'art tout en minimisant la perte de l’information lors de la transformation des données. / The diagnosis of severe nuclear accident scenarios represents a major challenge for nuclear safety and crisis management. The problem is complex and remains until now one of the main research topics due to the complexity of the physical and chemical phenomena underlying severe accidents, the difficulty in understanding the different correlations between them, and in addition the unavailability of efficient public datasets. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to propose a dedicated tool for modeling and diagnosis of accident scenarios based on Bayesian networks. The learning process of the Bayesian networks is based on the use of databases created with the ASTEC severe accident software. It should be emphasized that the use of Bayesian networks in this context has faced many challenges, notably the learning process from the accidental data which, after numerous studies, has been doomed to be ineffective to address efficiently this task. These difficulties arise mainly because the used data contains on the one hand, many continuous variables and on the other hand a set of both deterministic and probabilistic relationships between variables. These two constraints present a serious problem for the learning algorithms of Bayesian networks because these latter assume that all relationships between variables are probabilistic and all the used variables in the datasets are factorial (or discrete). Concerning the first point, we proposed of a new structure learning algorithm based on the use of a set of new rules (whose effectiveness has been proven theoretically and experimentally). Regarding discretization step, we proposed a multivariate approach which, according to a detailed experimental study, has enabled us to overcome the drawbacks of these latter while minimizing the information loss during the data transformation.
10

Informovanost obyvatelstva Kraje Vysočina o havárii jaderné elektrárny Černobyl / The awareness of the Vysočina region population about the nuclear disaster Černobyl

ROYIK, Tetyana January 2019 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with the awareness of population of the Vysočina Region of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The aim of this thesis is to find out the level of knowledge of the population about this accident and then to compare the knowledge of the population aged 18-44 and over 45 years. Two hypotheses were set in the thesis, H1: More than 2/3 of all respondents in the Vysočina Region will have more than 60 % of correct answers in a questionnaire concerning the knowledge of the Chernobyl nuclear accident, and H2: Respondents over 45 will have significantly higher knowledge of the Chernobyl nuclear accident than inhabitants under 45 years of age. In order to achieve the defined objectives and to verify the hypotheses, a questionnaire was prepared, a questionnaire survey was carried out and then the results were evaluated using the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The research group consisted of 100 inhabitants aged 18-44 and 100 inhabitants aged over 45. The results of the questionnaire survey show that the overall success-rate of the answered questions was 66 %. Residents aged 18-44 responded correctly in a total of 61 % and residents over 45 in 71 %. The stated aims of the thesis were achieved and both hypotheses were confirmed. The benefit of the thesis is mainly the acquired picture of the state of awareness of the population of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the Vysočina Region. The obtained results of the diploma thesis can be used, for example, by crisis management authorities related to the issue of nuclear energy or protection against ionizing radiation, both in connection with preparation for these situations and with a focus on preventive educational activities.

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