Teilw. zugl.: Erlangen-Nürnberg, University, Habil.-Schr., 2003.

Different companies and advertising organizations along the time have been employing nudity as an ultimate tool to advertise their products or services and therefore attain the attention of the target market. Even though the tradition of presenting contents which include naked models has been somewhat a well-rooted strategy for decades but a significant factor that has not yet been studied enough is the attitude that target customers shape towards the mentioned sorts of advertisements. Considering the fact that companies may be able to plan more efficiently for their prospective advertisements by studying the customers' attitude and reaction, this research has put its primary focus on describing the attitude of customers towards advertisements bound with the concept of nudity and investigating into the opinions of target customers. After execution of various interviews and data collection, the findings of the study designate that customers depending on multiple criteria would potentially demonstrate both positive and negative attitudes towards an advertisement containing naked models regardless of representing one culture and nationality.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:03:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAYTON_SANTOS.pdf: 1942330 bytes, checksum: 433f37e09e23e95f9322abb48fc95a5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The popularization of Internet access has lead institutions and parents to face serious problems on preventing employees, as well as children, to have access to inappropriate content, such as pornographic pages. This kind of content is available in different forms, including videos, sounds, text, and especially images, on the Web. Since most of this inappropriate content is provided as images, it is necessary to employ strategies which allow the analysis of image content in order to control access to inappropriate content. In this context, nudity detection in images plays an important role. Several approaches apply skin detection as a key step toward nudity detection. Skin detection is a difficult task due to the fact that it is necessary to use skin filters robust to shade variations caused by light. In addition, these methods employ a combination of features based on color, texture and shape, which may increase the complexity and time processing of detection algorithms. In despite of this drawback, feature analysis, or selection, is not carried out in most of the work available in the literature, The objective of this work is to investigate the features most frequently used in the literature for the description of nude images, as well as to select the most relevant subset of features taking into account classification accuracy. The feature analysis is carried out through three series of experiments focusing on investigating different scenarios of comparison. In the first series, we compare features extracted without applying skin filter, called global evidence in this work. In the second series, features extracted after skin filter are also compared. These features are called local evidence. Finally, in the third series of experiments, a zoning algorithm is used in order to allow us to analyze the impact of both local and global features in each area of the image. In all series of experiments, each feature is analyzed individually and all subsets of features are tested so as to determinate the best tradeoff between feature set and classification accuracy. In addition, an architecture called ANDImage (Architecture for Nude Detection in Image) is proposed. ANDImage allows that different modules may be used in order to provide the possibility of dealing with different scenarios of features comparison. / Com a popularização do acesso a Internet, instituições e pais têm encontrado sérios problemas para evitar o acesso de funcionários e crianças a conteúdos impróprios como páginas pornográficas. Na Web, este tipo de conteúdo pode estar disponibilizado em forma de vídeos, sons, texto e, principalmente em forma de imagens. Como a maior parte do conteúdo impróprio está disponível através de imagens, faz-se necessária a utilização de mecanismos que possibilitem analisar o conteúdo da imagem para combater este tipo de abuso. Nesse contexto, a detecção de nudez em imagens é normalmente uma etapa importante. Diversas abordagens aplicam detecção de pele como passo fundamental para a detecção de nudez. Esta tarefa não é trivial, uma vez que há a necessidade de uso de filtros de pele robustos a variações de tonalidades ocasionadas por luminosidade. Adicionalmente, é utilizada uma combinação de características baseadas em cor, textura e formas, que podem ocasionar um aumento indesejado na complexidade e no tempo de processamento dos algoritmos de detecção. Apesar dessa desvantagem, em muitos trabalhos disponíveis na literatura, não é realizada uma análise da relevância das características envolvidas no processo de classificação das imagens. O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar as principais características para descrição de imagens de nudez e selecionar as que obtiverem maior relevância em função da precisão do classificador. A análise das características é feita através de um conjunto de séries de experimentos que representam diferentes cenários de comparação. Primeiramente, são feitas comparações entre características extraídas sem aplicação de filtro de pele, denominadas propriedades globais. Em seguida, características extraídas a partir da aplicação do filtro de pele são também comparadas. Essas características são denominadas propriedades locais. Em uma terceira série de experimentos, um algoritmo de zoneamento é utilizado para que seja analisado o impacto das características, tanto locais como globais, em cada zona da imagem. Em todas as séries de experimentos, cada característica é analisada tanto de forma isolada, quanto em subconjuntos, para que seja determinado o melhor compromisso entre o conjunto de características e o desempenho do classificador. Para isso, é utilizada uma arquitetura denominada ANDImage (Architecture for Nude Detection in Image), que permite a inclusão e exclusão desses diferentes módulos.

The main goal of the diploma thesis is to describe the development of content in Czech and American Playboy and compare them both over the years and the American and Czech versions with each other. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the development of both American and Czech Playboy and the changes that have occurred in the magazine are included in the cultural development and contemporary context of the USA and the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis seeks the causes of changes and development of the journal, in culture and society, in their changed attitudes, norms and values. At the same time, in this diploma thesis I deal with the Playboy audience and agenda setting. Three years 2010, 2015 and 2020 are selected for analysis in the practical part. As part of the quantitative content analysis, I examine which topics, articles and sections appear in the issue, which topics have disappeared or appeared over time and which part of the magazine is occupied by nudity. Using qualitative analysis, I focus on the transformation of the cover pages of Playboy magazine, the depiction of women on such cover pages and the comparison of American and Czech covers.

A discussion of offensiveness in advertising is the initial focus of this research. A review of the offensiveness, irritation, nudity, and sexual suggestiveness in advertising literature suggested that females report somewhat high arousal scores when viewing nudity but that the arousal may not necessarily be positive. The measure of contributing variables to offendedness responses was proposed using various degrees of nudity in existing advertising as the primary stimuli.

Yes / It is often assumed that exposure to nude stimuli in advertising influences consumer behavior positively. However, the empirical evidence concerning the effects of nudity on consumer reactions is inconclusive. The goal of this study is to disentangle the effects of opposite-gender and same-gender nudity on female and male consumers' reactions. This study, thereby, offers a framework for the appropriate choice of seminude or fully clothed human stimuli based on advertisers' objectives and consumer–model gender interactions. The empirical data were derived from a large-scale market research initiative from Germany with 61,399 consumer evaluations of 147 real ads from 16 product categories. Female consumers show positive same-gender results for both seminude and fully clothed female models, indicating strong homophily, but nonsignificant opposite-gender effects on information search, positive attitude change, integration of brand into consideration set, and purchase intentions. In contrast, male consumers demonstrate a significantly positive and equally strong influence of opposite-gender and same-gender seminude stimuli on all of the four variables.

Advertising, which is an important sales tool for brands to the masses, may produce lasting impressions of a company and its products. These impressions rely on a consistent message over time to maintain a brand's image. This study examines how Ralph Lauren's advertising images have changed from a country club lifestyle image to urban/hip. In addition, the study examines the increased use of nudity and sexual imagery in Lauren's advertising. The findings were obtained by content analyzing all Ralph Lauren advertisements appearing in Gentlemen's Quarterly magazine from 1980 to 2000 (N=283). The study finds that Ralph Lauren lifestyle images have become more urban/hip, and that Lauren's advertising is utilizing more nudity, sexual interaction, and homoerotic imagery. By examining Ralph Lauren's shifting brand image via its advertising, this study contributes to a greater understanding of the connection between advertising and a company's brand image.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Journalism and Media Studies, April 2016 / Since 2007, Marie Claire South Africa (SA) — which is a glossy women’s magazine covering fashion and beauty trends, sex, relationships, body image, and celebrity news — has been running a special issue of the print magazine called the “Naked issue”. Each year celebrities pose naked in the special issue to raise awareness for a cause, and in doing so funds in aid of a particular organisation linked to the cause are raised. Marie Claire SA calls this awareness-raising initiative the “Naked Campaign”. For the 2015 Naked Campaign, the magazine had 35 celebrities pose in the nude to raise awareness about sexual violence, in aid of Blow the Whistle (BTW), an anti-rape initiative which supports women and children who are victims of abuse and rape. This research is a case study of Marie Claire SA’s March 2015 Naked Campaign edition, and focuses on the Twitter reactions to this edition. It asks: to what extent did the Twitter reactions to Marie Claire SA’s 2015 Naked Campaign show engagement on the issue of sexual violence and can the use of nudity to attract attention to a social issue result in the kind of engagement that can be said to drive the cause forward? Using content analysis, it examines the tweets generated by the hashtag #MCNaked in the first week of the naked issue going on sale. It categorises the tweets according to gender, comments on nudity, celebrities and sexual violence, as well as the tone of the tweets and the understanding therein of the campaign and cause. The research found that the majority (close to 70%) of the Twitter reactions were supportive of the campaign and the cause. Although over half of the comments focused on the celebrities, over 50% of tweets commented or focused on the issue of sexual violence, a positive outcome for the campaign. Despite the magazine catering mostly for female readers, there was an almost equal number of tweets by males and females, which meant men were also drawn to the discussion started by a media product followed mostly by women, another positive finding for the campaign. However, only a few of the tweets displayed more substantial engagement with the issue of sexual violence, through either sharing statistics or further information, or including anti-sexual violence statements in their tweets. The research suggests that, taken as a whole, the campaign can be considered as an example of social marketing, while also fulfilling the news values in terms of elements of surprise, personalities, power and marketability. / GR2017

Cette recherche porte sur la poésie portugaise de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, plus précisément sur l’œuvre poétique et métapoétique de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, Eugénio de Andrade et António Ramos Rosa. Ces auteurs révèlent une positivité marquée par une grande confiance dans le dire poétique. Celui-ci est perçu comme potentialité conciliatrice entre le sujet, le monde et la parole. C’est ainsi que la Poésie constitue chez eux une gnose ou une connaissance. Quoique néoromantique, c’est dans une mythification modérée de la parole poétique toujours entre la crainte et le désir que chaque poème invente sa possibilité. Après la crise du langage qui a mené à une poésie fataliste, leur originalité réside dans la capacité de réinventer ou reconstruire un sens pour le dire poétique et d’y puiser une énergie réparatrice. Dans cette construction de sens, l’image poétique assure un rôle essentiel et le thème de la nudité apparaît comme un paradigme de la vérité. Ainsi, le rapport complémentaire entre imagination productive et expérience vécue trouve une place importante dans cette réflexion au le sens où c’est ce rapport qui permet que la fable et le réel cohabitent dans le poème. / This research concerns Portuguese poetry of the second half of the 20th century and, more specifically, the poetic and metapoetic works by Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, Eugénio de Andrade and António Ramos Rosa. These authors denote a positive attitude marked by a strong confidence in the poetic writing. They conceive poetry as a reconciling power that reinforces the ties between self, world and meaning. Thus, poetry becomes a mode of knowledge or a kind of gnosis. Despite their neoromantic sensitivity, their writing embodies a moderate mythification of the poetic powers, being aware of the oscillation between fear and desire in which every poem emerges as the invention of a new possibility. After the crisis of language and the fatalistic poetry that followed, their originality resides in the capacity of re-inventing or reconstructing a new significance for the poetic word and finding in it a source of reparatory energy. In such endeavour of meaning-construction, the poetic image assumes an essential role and nudity appears as a paradigm of truth. Therefore, the relationship between productive imagination and lived experience is located at the heart of this poetic world, for that relationship alone allows one to understand how fabulation and reality coexist in poetry.

Syftet med detta arbete är att ut ett retorikteoretiskt perspektiv studera nio kroppspositiva bilder från instagramkontot @nudamag i förhållande till den patriarkala diskursen och ideologin som råder på Instagram och i vårt samhälle. I uppsatsen utförs en kritisk diskursanalys av bilderna för att kartlägga hur de är diskursbestridande och vad det betyder i förhållande till makt. Det retorikteoretiska perspektivet är av relevans vid undersökningen av hur en retorisk utgångspunkt kan vara fördelaktig för @nudamag som diskursbestridande konto. Den kritiska diskursanalysen som används är baserad på Norman Faircloughs tredimensionella definition. Analysmodellen tittar alltså på den visuella textens tre dimensioner; text, diskursiv praktik och social praktik. Förhandlingen mellan reproduktion och motstånd i de representerade bilderna kan liknas med en ta och ge-situation. Texterna är normbrytande och skapar ett diskursivt motstånd men genom en retorisk struktur ämnar innehållet inte provocera läsaren vid första anblick heller. Min tolkning är att målet med @nudamag’s innehåll är att genom estetiskt tilltalande bilder nå en så bred publik som möjligt och därav i längden positivt påverka så många människor som möjligt. Sociala medier tillhandahåller ett lättillgängligt verktyg för anti-diskursivt engagemang och effekten av det som sprids i den digitala världen bör inte underskattas. Fler frågor väcks dessutom kring den möjlighet man som konsument har att styra sitt eget intag av medier för att påverka sitt psykiska mående. Hur påverkas egentligen användaren av vem hen följer på Instagram? / The purpose of this thesis is to study nine body-positive images from the instagram account @nudamag in relation to the patriarchal discourse and ideology that prevails on Instagram and in our society. In the essay, a critical discourse analysis of the images is performed to map how they are discouraging and what it means in relation to power. A rhetorical theoretical perspective is also relevant in the investigation of how a rhetorical starting point can be beneficial for @nudamag as an anti-discourse account. The critical discourse analysis used in this thesis is based on Norman Fairclough’s definition of it and thereby utilises a three-dimensional analysis model. Which looks at the three dimensions of the visual text; text, discursive practice, and social practice. The negotiation between reproduction and resistance in the represented images can be compared to a take-and-give situation. The visual texts are norm-breaking and create a discursive resistance, but through a rhetorical structure the content does not intend to provoke the reader at first sight either. My interpretation is that the goal of @nudamag's content is to reach as wide an audience as possible through aesthetically pleasing images and thereby positively influence as many people as possible in the long run. Social media provides an easily accessible tool for anti-discursive engagement and the impact of what is spreading in the digital world should not be underestimated. More questions are also raised about the opportunity you as a consumer have to control your own intake of media text and what that would do for your mental health. How is the user really affected by who they follow on Instagram and what can they do about it?