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Omvårdnadsåtgärder till patienter med diagnosen KOL : En litteraturstudie / Nursing interventions for patients with COPD : A literature reviewHansson, Marcus, Johansson, Magnus January 2016 (has links)
Bakgrund: Kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom(KOL) är en långsiktig sjukdom som tar tid innan den visar symtom. När patienten kommer och vill ha information och åtgärder för sina symtom har sjukdomsförloppet redan pågått ett tag. Eftersom den är långdragen är omvårdnadsåtgärderna olika beroende på vart i tiden man ligger i sjukdomen. År 2020 kommer denna patientgrupp vara den tredje största i världen, finns det omvårdnadsåtgärder som ökar livskvalitén för denna patientgrupp? Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att sammanställa resultat avseende forskning om omvårdnad vid kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom som leder till förbättrad livskvalité. Metod: Litteratur studie. Resultat: Kunskapsutbytet mellan patient och sjuksköterska: Hur viktigt det är med en klar och tydlig information vid möte mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Att ge stöd och trygghet: Viktigt att sjuksköterskan finns tillgänglig för patienten, underlätta för patienten: Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll hos patienter med KOL för att förbättra deras förutsättningar för god livskvalité. Slutsats: Viktigt att skapa en tillit mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten, detta skapar trygghet och resulterar till en god fysisk omvårdnad. När trygghet och tillit har byggts upp mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten blir kommunikationen god och man kan tillsammans komma fram till den bästa lösningen för varje enskild patient. / Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long term disease that takes time before it shows symptoms. When the patient comes and want information and measures for their symptoms, the disease process has already been going on for a while. Because it is lengthy nursing actions different depending on where in time lying in the disease. In the year of 2020 this will be the third largest patient group in the world, are there any nursing interventions that can increase quality of life? Aim: The purpose of this study was to compile results concerning research on nursing care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that leads to improve quality of life. Method: Literature. Results: Knowledge exchange between patient and nurse: How important it is with a clear and transparent information at the meeting between the nurse and patient. To provide support and trust: Important that the nurse is available for the patient. Facilitating patient: The nurse has an important role in patients with COPD to improve their conditions for a god quality of life. Conclusion: Important to create trust between the nurse and patient, this creates confidence and results to good physical care. When trust and confidence has been built between nurse and patient communication becomes good and we can together arrive at the best solution for each individual patient.
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Role sestry v prevenci obezity a nadváhy u romské minority v České republice / Role of nurse in prevention of obesity and overweight in Roma minority in the Czech RepublicOLIŠAROVÁ, Věra January 2015 (has links)
Goals: The goal of this dissertation consisted in characterizing the relation, attitude and opinions of the Roma minority with respect to overweight and obesity. At the same time, it was focused on describing the risk factors contributing to their origination and on creating a methodology for the intervention program aimed at prevention of overweight and obesity in the Roma minority. Methods: To meet the goals, qualitative research was carried out, allowing also the monitoring of culturally conditioned behaviour patterns in field. The research set consisted of 25 Roma respondents above eighteen years of age who had a BMI value in the area of overweight or obesity (i.e. BMI ? 25 kg/m2). The respondents included 8 men and 17 women. The data analysis was performed with the help of the method of anchored theory that helps to search new connections. The analysis of qualitative data was carried out with the help of the MAXQDA 11 program. Results: The role of the nurse in prevention of overweight and obesity in the Roma consists in identification of influenceable risk factors resulting from life style and in their elimination under use of adequate motivation and efficient education. The culturally conditioned behaviour patterns constitute a distinctive factor that can influence the efficiency of the implemented interventions. The patterns can be seen already when taking the medical history in which the nurse tries to identify risk behaviours. For example, the Roma have problems with describing their eating habits from qualitative and quantitative perspective, particularly the frequency and regularity of eating. Other factors acting in the area of overweight and obesity include body image, social functions of eating, socio-economic status and the related food structure, etc. The understanding of the connections among the individual factors and of the motivation elements involved in the respective risk behaviour may introduce a new dimension into nursing. Scientific contributions of the dissertation: The data analysis and the integration of findings helped to create the methodology for an intervention program aimed at prevention of overweight and obesity. The material was subsequently consulted with representatives of the relevant minority and modified according to their comments. Subsequently, it was used in connection with the grant project number LD14114, implemented under financial support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports within COST (Cooperation on Scientific and Technical Research), named "Obesity and overweight in Roma minority in the Region of South Bohemia".
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Omvårdnadsinterventioner mot sömnbesvär hos personer med kardiovaskulär sjukdom : En litteraturstudie / Nursing interventions for sleep disorders in people with cardiovascular disease : A literature studyKarlsson, Madelene, Josefsson, Ellen-Ann January 2021 (has links)
Introduktion: Kardiovaskulära sjukdomar är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och den största dödsorsaken i världen. Sömnbesvär är ett eskalerande folkhälsoproblem och har en betydande risk för kardiovaskulär sjuklighet och död. Det krävs att kunskapen ökar gällande omvårdnadsinterventioner mot sömnbesvär hos personer med kardiovaskulära sjukdomar för att minska riskerna för folksjukdomar och för tidig död. Syfte: Redogöra för distriktssköterskans omvårdnadsinterventioner hos personer med kardiovaskulär sjukdom och sömnbesvär. Metod: En litteraturstudie med ett systematiskt arbetssätt har utförts, som utgår från Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärderings (SBU) riktlinjer. Åtta kvantitativa och tre kvalitativa studier inkluderades i resultatet. Resultat: I resultatet framkommer en huvudkategori samt fyra underkategorier av omvårdnadsinterventioner. Huvudkategorin: professionellt stöd och de fyra underkategorierna: kognitiv beteendeterapi mot sömnbesvär (KBT-I), individuella behandlingsplaner, utbildning samt komplementär och alternativmedicinsk behandling (KAM) som främjar sömnkvalitet hos patienter med kardiovaskulär sjukdom och sömnbesvär. Slutsats: Flera evidensbaserade omvårdnadsinterventioner har stor betydelse för att minska sömnbesvären och förbättra sömnkvalitet hos patienter med kardiovaskulär sjukdom och sömnbesvär. Det är av värde att behandlingen inkluderar professionellt stöd, sömnutbildning, sjukdomslära, läkemedelskunskap, erbjuda individanpassade behandlingar samt öka implementering av KBT-I. Omvårdnadsinterventioner kan appliceras inom alla områden som en distriktssköterska arbetar inom men det ställer högre krav på vården att få och erbjuda rätt utbildning. / Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a global public health problem and the leading cause of death in the world. Sleep disorders are an escalating public health problem and sleep disorders have a significant risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Knowledge is required to increase current nursing interventions for sleep disorders in people with cardiovascular diseases in order to reduce the risks of common diseases and death. Aim: Describe the district nurse's nursing interventions in people with cardiovascular disease and sleep disorders. Method: A review with a systematic approach has been performed, which is based on SBU:s guidelines. Eight quantitative and three qualitative studies were included in the results. Results: The results show a main category and four subcategories of nursing interventions. The main category was professional support and the four subcategories were: cognitive behavioral therapy for sleep disorders (CBT-I), individual treatment, education and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that promotes sleep quality in patients with cardiovascular disease and sleep disorders. Conclusion: Several evidence-based nursing interventions are of great importance in reducing sleep disorders and improving sleep quality in patients with cardiovascular disease and sleep disorders. It is of value that all treatment includes professional support, training in sleep, pathology and pharmaceutical knowledge, offer individualized treatments and increase implementation of CBT-I. These nursing interventions can be applied in all areas in which a district nurse works, but it places higher demands on the care to receive and offer the right training.
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