Background: Research is essential for the development of a unique body of knowledge, a hall mark of any profession. It should be utilised to provide the basis for professional theory and practice. Aim: The purpose of the study was to develop guidelines that will assist professional nurses in the utilisation of research findings. Design and setting: Quantitative, descriptive research was used to determine professional nurses’ (N=284) perception of utilization of research findings in practice. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 since this is a quantitative study. The study focused on professional nurses at the two selected hospitals that were providing the comprehensive programme in the uMgungundlovu district. Results: 284 respondents answered the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 73.3% agreed that they lacked knowledge of research. The frequency of respondents that lacked research knowledge was 208. Of the respondents, 211 (74.3%) recommended use of research findings in practice versus 24 (8.5%) who were unsure and 9 (3%) respectively who did not know whether research should be used or not. Conclusions: The findings revealed that there is a need for changes to be made in the nursing education system to try and improve research utilisation by professional nurses in practice since the professional nurses working in the clinical area are produced by nursing education institutions / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 834339 bytes, checksum: e81c63bc48bfe3b4e2e766697949c91f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Considering the importance of socializing the knowledge produced by researchers of nursing in the field of bioethics, this study has as objectives to synthesizes scientific productions of nursing in the field of the bioethics in the period from 2000 to 2008, identify the thematic approached in the studies selected for the investigation proposed, investigate the contributions of the scientific productions of the nursing in the field of bioethics to endorse the professional practice, and check the academic formation, title and the performance area of the researchers of the publications of nursing in the field of the bioethics. It is an integrative review of the literature, investigation modality, which allows to build up a large analysis of the literature where conclusions of studies previously conducted are summarized aiming inferences be formulated about an specific topic. To identify the studies published in the area of Nursing and Bioethics an online search was done and the sample was composed of 46 studies. The results point out that the base SciELO provided 43.4% of the publications, the Magazine World Health stood out with 21.7% of the publications included in this review, researchers are represented mostly by doctors nurses, representing 32.6% of the total; on the field of professional performance, the one which most highlighted was the nurses who are teaching in the levels of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, with 42.0% of the total of professionals. About the issue approached in the studies, it was possible to determine similarities and differences between the discussions proposed by the studies, which prompted the construction of eight thematic approaches (TA) as prerequisite for integrative review, they are: TA 1 - Bioethics, Nursing and scientific technologic development, TA 2 Bioethics Reflections and Ethical Conflicts in Health Care, TA 3 - Bioethics and Research Involving Human beings, TA 4 - Bioethics and End of life of Life; TA 5 - Bioethics and Teaching in the Field of Nursing, TA 6 Bioethics and Rights of Users of Health Services, TA 7 - Bioethics as Reflection Instrument in the Field of Health, and TA 8 Bioethics as guideline for the Practice of Nursing. Identified, therefore, that the studies published by researchers of nursing allow a solid understanding of bioethics is anchored to the various situations of professional practice. The analysis of the research provided to highlight countless contributions to nursing practice, which, briefly, indicate that the nursing professional acknowledges bioethics as a field of reflection to their practice, guiding their actions from the principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence and no harm, since the professional ethical action involves more than the performance of procedures and techniques. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the practices, interpersonal relationships and the decisions taken, bioethical reflection serves as a liaison to ensure respect for the rights and the preservation of human dignity. Thus, it is necessary to encourage researchers to develop new nursing studies that address bioethical approaches to provide subsidies for the qualification, integrity and civility in the actions of nursing. / Considerando a importância de socializar o conhecimento produzido por pesquisadores de enfermagem no campo da bioética, o presente estudo tem como objetivos sintetizar produções científicas de enfermagem no campo da bioética no período de 2000 a 2008, identificar as temáticas abordadas nos estudos selecionados para a investigação proposta, investigar as contribuições das produções científicas da enfermagem no campo da bioética para respaldar a prática profissional, e verificar a formação acadêmica, titulação e a área de atuação dos pesquisadores das publicações de enfermagem no campo da bioética. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, modalidade de investigação que permite construir a análise ampla da literatura em que conclusões de estudos anteriormente conduzidos são sumarizadas a fim de que se formulem inferências sobre um tópico específico. Para identificar os estudos publicados na área de Enfermagem e Bioética foi feita uma busca on-line e a amostra foi composta por 46 estudos. Os resultados apontam que a base SciELO disponibilizou 43.4% das publicações; a Revista O Mundo da Saúde destacou-se com 21.7% das publicações incluídas nesta revisão; os pesquisadores estão representados em sua maioria por enfermeiros doutores, representando 32.6% do total; quanto ao campo de atuação profissional, o que mais obteve destaque foi o de enfermeiros que estão na prática docente em níveis de Graduação e Pós-Graduação, com 42.0% do total dos profissionais. Quanto à temática abordada nos estudos foi possível constatar convergências e divergências entre as discussões propostas pelos estudos, o que suscitou a construção de oito Abordagens Temáticas (AT), conforme pressuposto da revisão integrativa, são elas: AT 1 - Bioética, Enfermagem e Desenvolvimento Científico-tecnológico; AT 2 - Reflexões Bioéticas e Conflitos Éticos na Assistência à Saúde; AT 3 - Bioética e Pesquisa Envolvendo Seres Humanos; AT 4 - Bioética e Terminalidade da Vida; AT 5 - Bioética e Ensino no Campo da Enfermagem; AT 6 - Bioética e Direitos dos Usuários dos Serviços de Saúde; AT 7 - Bioética enquanto Instrumento de Reflexão no Campo da Saúde; e AT 8 - Bioética como eixo norteador para a Prática da Enfermagem. Identificou-se, portanto, que os estudos publicados pelos pesquisadores da enfermagem permitem uma sólida compreensão que a bioética está ancorada à diversas situações da prática profissional. A análise das pesquisas proporcionou ressaltar inúmeras contribuições para a prática da enfermagem, que em síntese, revelam que o profissional de enfermagem reconhece a bioética como um campo de reflexão para a sua prática, norteando suas ações a partir dos princípios da autonomia, justiça, beneficência e não-maleficência, uma vez que o agir ético do profissional envolve mais do que a realização de procedimentos e técnicas. Portanto, é imprescindível assegurar que nas práticas, nos relacionamentos interpessoais e nas decisões tomadas, a reflexão bioética sirva como elo para garantir o respeito aos direitos e a preservação da dignidade humana. Destarte, faz-se necessário estimular os pesquisadores da enfermagem a desenvolver novos estudos que contemplem enfoques bioéticos a fim de fornecer subsídios para a qualificação, integralidade e humanização nas ações da enfermagem.

Background: People with cancer are increasingly turning to the internet to find information and support. However, little is known regarding the use of the internet and how this impacts patients’ cancer experiences and their interactions with, and within, the healthcare system. Purpose and objectives: The overarching purpose of this dissertation is to explore the ways that patients newly diagnosed with cancer use cancer-related internet information (CRII) and the role it plays in interactions with the healthcare system. The specific objectives were to: (1) qualitatively explore the content of commonly searched websites from a critical nursing perspective; (2) explore patients’ prompts to use CRII and how CRII informs the ways in which patients interact with healthcare professionals and healthcare services, and (3) document what CRII is accessed and the patterns and frequency of use. Methods: An embedded mixed methods study was conducted using interpretive description as the overarching methodology. Date sources included: (1) a qualitative review of 20 cancer websites; (2) 19 individuals newly diagnosed with cancer, who each took part in two in-depth interviews and a brief survey; and (3) 21 healthcare professionals who engaged in three focus groups (n=17) and in-depth individual interviews (n=4). Results: The dominant discourse in the websites reviewed focused on empirical information about treatment, prognosis, and cure. A dearth of sociopolitical, ethical, personal, and esthetic information was noted. Thus, when seeking CRII, patients predominantly find empirical and biomedical information. The qualitative interviews with patients revealed three key themes that characterize how patients used CRII: (1) person in context, (2) management of information, and (3) managing relationships with healthcare professionals. These themes explain how patients mobilized CRII to manage their patient experience. Patients described CRII as an important resource to process information, make decisions about their illness, and make sense of their disease. Patients also sought CRII to complement and reinforce information and support provided by healthcare professionals. The interviews and focus groups with healthcare professionals revealed two key themes with respect to their views of CRII use. These themes relate to healthcare professionals’ perceptions of patient use of the internet to manage their pragmatic concerns and priorities as well as to navigate processes and practices of the healthcare system. Healthcare professionals found that CRII could modulate patients’ interactions with the healthcare system. Healthcare professionals also acknowledged key points in the cancer trajectory where information may be lacking or where patients may have less informational support; participants felt that CRII served as a beneficial resource to address these gaps. Although healthcare professionals were supportive of patient use of CRII to meet cancer information needs, they also described concerns regarding patients finding and using untrustworthy information. Conclusions: Together, the findings from this dissertation research inform an understanding of how people with cancer use CRII to manage their cancer experience and interact with healthcare professionals and services. Findings highlight the importance of information diversity in the midst of a lack of holistic and varied information presently online. There is also a need for nurses and other healthcare professionals to be aware of the information that is available online and to understand what patients are accessing. Communication about CRII between patients and healthcare professionals may also strengthen areas of patient education that are lacking as well as encourage healthcare professionals to raise key topics of interest. Implications for Practice: There is clearly a growing need for dialogue around pervasive technologies and the nursing role in assessing and directing patients to holistic information. Oncology nurses are well situated to take the lead in their multi-disciplinary care teams to engage patients about their CRII use and to explore the tensions experienced by clinicians surrounding CRII use. CRII use is a growing trend amongst patients across all healthcare settings, and nurses are well positioned to initiate discussions and be leaders in practice. Future research is warranted to expand on the link between CRII use and the utilization of health services, the role of CRII for those in rural areas compared to those in urban areas, and the role of the family in patients’ mobilization of CRII in their cancer experience.

A pesquisa em Enfermagem é uma atividade que tem possibilitado avanços na prática assistencial. No Brasil iniciou-se com os programas de pós-graduação, sendo as enfermeiras professoras as detentoras desta prática. As enfermeiras assistenciais têm procurado, ao longo dos anos, superar barreiras de ordem particular e institucional na sua realização. Instituições de ensino e empregadoras de serviços de saúde buscam promover o desenvolvimento profissional das enfermeiras implementando estratégias que incentivem a atividade investigativa no contexto profissional. Seguindo essa tendência a Diretoria de Enfermagem do Hospital Universitário Regional do Norte do Paraná criou em 1999 o Núcleo de Pesquisa em Enfermagem (NUPE), para apoiar as enfermeiras na realização de pesquisas. Tem-se, neste estudo, o objetivo de interpretar os sentidos atribuídos pelas enfermeiras assistenciais na participação em um serviço de incentivo à pesquisa e integrá-los em significados socialmente construídos, por meio da análise interpretativa. O quadro teóricometodológico foi delineado com base em conceitos e princípios educacionais e na cultura organizacional, visando-se interpretar como as enfermeiras constroem a atividade da pesquisa no cotidiano profissional mediante serviço de apoio inserido na instituição hospitalar. Para isso, a etnografia, como método, e o estudo de caso, como estratégia, possibilitaram a aproximação necessária do contexto cultural das envolvidas. Os dados foram coletados em entrevistas individuais e grupais, em depoimentos escritos direcionados por questões e em análise documental. O contexto histórico-estrutural do serviço foi descrito pelo olhar da diretora de enfermagem e secretária do NUPE, em exercício no período de 1999 a 2002. A produção científica nestes anos apresentou 129 projetos de pesquisa e 151 trabalhos científicos elaborados pelas enfermeiras. Destes, 36 foram publicados em periódicos e 6 premiados em eventos científicos. Os artigos, em grande parte, construídos coletivamente e publicados em diversos veículos de divulgação, relacionam-se ao Campo Temático Assistencial e Organizacional. Sobre o processo vivenciado, as enfermeiras aludiram sentidos da atividade investigativa na prática assistencial no que tange à valoração desta, ao papel de aprender por meio dela, além dos movimentos inerentes e ainda, do fato de ser uma tarefa árdua, que demanda empenho pessoal. Os significados, analisados sob o prisma do rito de passagem, evidenciaram os movimentos dos sujeitos e da instituição: no período pré-liminar, pela impregnação do fazer sem questionar; no período liminar, pela inserção das enfermeiras junto ao NUPE; e no período pós-liminar, com sinais de ruptura dos velhos paradigmas e abertura às novas perspectivas. Observou-se, no contexto cultural, o desenvolvimento de estratégias e ações pela mobilização dos atores e da instituição com o despertar para a atividade investigativa, o criar na postura de realizadoras de pesquisa, com repercussões intramuros e extramuros à instituição, percebidas no desenvolvimento pessoal-profissional e na valorização do trabalho desenvolvido. A pesquisa, apoiada pela organização e desejada pela enfermeira, consubstancia-se como estratégia científicopedagógica na formação permanente de enfermeiras assistenciais e agrega repercussões positivas para a assistência prestada. No âmbito de serviços de saúde conceber a realização de pesquisa em favor da produção do conhecimento e desenvolvimento profissional requer uma mudança na cultura organizacional por meio de inovações, tempo e interesse dos envolvidos. / The nursing research is an activity that has advanced in the assistant practice. In Brazil it started with pos-graduation programs, with nurse teachers as possessing this practice. The assistant nurses have been looking for many years to overcome barriers of particular and institutional order to get concreted. Education and health service institutions try to promote the professional development of nurses implementing strategies which encourage the research activities in the professional context. Following the tendency of the Nursery Board of Directors of the Regional University Hospital of North Paraná a Nursing Research Nucleus was created in 1999 (NUPE) to support the nurses during their researches. The aim of this study is to analyze the conferred meanings given by assistant nurses in their participation on the research incentive and include them in built social meanings, by interpretative analysis. The theoretical and methodological view was designed from concepts and educational principles and organizational culture, trying to interpret how nurses deal with research activity in their daily professional lives with support service provided in their hospital institution. For this reason, the ethnography as method, and the case of study as strategy, made the necessary approach to the cultural context of the ones involved in the process possible. The data were collected by individual and group interviews, written statements and documental analysis. The historical and structural context of the service was described through the nursing director and NUPE secretary?s view, working in the period from 1999 to 2002. The scientific production in these years present that the nurses created 129 research projects, 151 scientific works. From these, 36 were publicized in scientific newspaper and 6 awarded in scientific events. The articles, in general, were collectively written and publicized in different means, related to the assistant and organizational thematic field. About the experienced process, the nurses mentioned meanings of the research activity in the assistant practice referring to increasing the value in it, the role of learning through it, besides the movements and finality related to it, and furthermore, being a really hard task which demands personal dedication. The meanings, analyzed through the ritual process, show the movements of the subjects and from the institution during the preliminary period, by doing without asking; during the current period by the insertion of nurses into NUPE and during the pos period, with rupture signals to the old paradigms and an opened mind to new perspectives. The development of strategies and actions to mobilize the subjects and the institution were observed in the cultural context with the consciousness to the research activity, the creation of the role of research, the repercussion inside and outside the institution, realized during professional and personal development and having their work developed with an increased value. The research supported by the organization and desired by the nurse, consolidates as scientific and pedagogical strategy in the constant assistant nurse training and adds positive repercussions to the given assistance. In the health area, accepting the research realization in favor of knowledge production and professional development requires changes in the organizational culture through innovations, time and interests of the ones involved.

Orientador: Edineis de Brito Guirardello / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:23:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_AcaciaMariaLimade_M.pdf: 5400295 bytes, checksum: 9cdb377799ce85db56adcce9afe05b04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Resumo o processo de hospitalização pode acarretar para o paciente um distanciamento do seu convívio familiar. O fato de permanecer, mesmo que temporariamente, em um ambiente estranho ao seu convívio, com normas e rotinas a que não está habituado e a expectativa com relação ao tratamento, podem gerar sentimentos de insatisfação com relação ao cuidado recebido. A satisfação do paciente com o cuidado de enfermagem, foi definida por RISSER (1975) como sendo o grau de congruência entre as expectativas do paciente e sua percepção sobre o cuidado recebido. Estudos sobre satisfação do paciente na cultura brasileira utilizam-se de uma abordagem genérica, de modo a não valorizar a satisfação do paciente com a assistência de enfermagem. Sendo assim, é importante utilizar instrumentos de medida específicos para avaliar a satisfação do paciente quanto aos cuidados de enfermagem. Considerando a inexistência de instrumentos para este fim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo traduzir e validar o Patient Satisfaction Instrument (PSI), desenvolvido por Hinshaw e Atwood (1982), para a cultura brasileira. É um instrumento composto de 25 itens que aborda situações do cuidado de enfermagem, agrupados em três domínios: Educacional, Profissional e Confiança. O procedimento metodológico de adaptação utilizado seguiu as etapas de: a) tradução do instrumento para a língua portuguesa; b) tradução de volta para a língua original; c) julgamento por um comitê de juízes e d) pré-teste da versão final do instrumento, o qual denominou-se Instrumento de Satisfação do Paciente (ISP). Participaram do estudo 211 pacientes, internados em clínicas médicocirúrgicas de dois hospitais do município de São Paulo. Na análise da confiabilidade do instrumento, obteve-se alta consistência interna para todos os itens do instrumento (a= 0,88) e para os domínios Educacional (a= 0,66) e Confiança a= 0,79). Apenas para o domínio Profissional, obteve-se um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,62. Quanto a validade de constructo, a análise de fator exploratória mostrou que, apesar da medida de adequação da amostra ter sido estatisticamente significante, (MSA= 0,84), o critério utilizado para selecionar fatores com auto valor maior que 1 demonstrou sete fatores que explicaram 62% variância total. Os resultados da análise de fator confirmatória mostraram que apenas o RMR, obteve valores aceitáveis (0,10). Os resultados desse estudo indicam que o PSI traduzido para a nossa cultura pode ser utilizado para medir satisfação do paciente. Entretanto, é necessário que este instrumento seja aplicado em outras populações com características semelhantes para testar os itens que não foram consistentes na amostra estudada / Abstract: The hospitalization process may keep the patient distant from their family. The fact of being in an unfamiliar setting, even for a short period, with established rules and routines that they are not used to and the expectations concerning the treatment, may bring about dissatisfactions. Patient Satisfaction with nursing care was defined by RISSER (1975) as the congruence degree between the patient expectations and their perception concerning the care provided. Studies on patient satisfaction in Brazil adopt a generic approach and do not give value to patient satisfaction with the nursing care. Based on that, it is important to use specific measurement instruments in order to assess the patient satisfaction with the nursing care. As there are no instruments with this purpose, the present study aimed at translating and validating the Patient Satisfaction Instrument (PSI) developed by Hinshaw and Atwood (1982) to the Brazilian culture. The PSI is constituted of 25 items that cover situations related to the nursing care grouped in three domains: Educational, Professional and Trust. The methodological procedure used were a) translation of the instrument into Portuguese; b) back-translation to English c) committee review; d) test of the pre-final version. 211 patients admitted in medical-surgical clinics in two hospitais in São Paulo city made part of the study. The analysis of its reliability scored high internal consistence in ali items (a=0.88), and for Educational domains (oc=0.66); and Trust (oc=0.79). Only for the Professional domain it scored Cronbach's alfa (oc=0.62). In relation to construct validity, the exploratory factor analysis showed that besides the adequacy measure of the sampling been statistically significant (MSA=0,84), the criteria used to select the factors with an eigenvalue of 1.00 or above demonstrate seven factors that explained 62% of the total variance. The results of confirmatory factor analisys showed that only the root mean-squared residual (RMR), met the criteria standards (0.10). The results of this study indicate that the PSI translated to Brazilian culture can be used to measure patient'satisfaction. However, it is necessary to point out that it is important to apply this instrument to other populations with characteristics similar to the ones in the present study in order to review the items which were not consistent in the studied samples / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

D.Cur. / A qualitative approach was followed to conduct a case study. Data was collected through participative observation, document analysis and interviewing of team members representing seven different disciplines. The practice model of Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1986:415-435) was utilized as theoretical framework to explore and describe the role players involved in team functioning within the context of primary health care. Team objectives and processes relevant to team functioning as well as the dynamics of team work were described and compared to a guide for team functioning, the elements which were derived from a literature study. The credibility of the research was enhanced through long term involvement in the activities of the study case as participative observer, through triangulation of methods to collect and verify data and through peer evaluation and auditing. It was determined that within the context of a home care service at primary health care level, it was mainly the nurse, being the team member with whom the patient and family have continued personal contact, who acts as team leader and initiates involvement of members from other disciplines. The decisions regarding whom to involve and how and when to involve them, are based on the knowledge and skills of the nurse in relation to the situation he/she has to manage, the acceptability of the team approach and compliance by the patient and family, the attitude, commitment and perception of other team members as well as the availability of facilities and infrastructure to enable team functioning. The organizational and philosophical framework within which service is delivered have a direct impact on team functioning. Community involvement and its acceptance of responsibility for health, enhances quality team functioning, but is dependant on effective empowerment strategies, a sound trust relationship and a reliable support system. Clear and agreed upon goals and objectives for team functioning are essential for effective team work. Innovative and creative strategies are necessary to enable team members representing different disciplines, who function in the context of primary health care, to have sufficient contact with each other to discuss objectives, give feedback and communicate effectively. Processes for and dynamics in team functioning are complex in nature and need to be identified, evaluated and, if necessary, adapted on a regular basis to promote effective team functioning. The objectives of the research, namely to explore and describe team functioning at primary health care level and to formulate guidelines for effective team functioning, were realized. A structure for working from the basis of a core team was proposed, as well as interdisciplinary training of team members, commencing at undergraduate level and continuing throughout professional life. The researcher recommends that the guidelines formulated with regard to the role players, context, objectives, processes and dynamics of team functioning at primary health care level be implemented. Aspects related to team functioning to be further researched have been identified, namely: assessing the quality of team functioning at primary health care level; the effect of interdisciplinary training on team functioning; the relationship between team functioning and the health status of communities; cost-efficiency of team functioning; utilizing latest technological developments for communication between and support for team members at primary health care level; the relationship between community empowerment, community involvement and interdisciplinary team functioning and the design of a model for team functioning at primary health care level. The research report is written in Afrikaans, but the conclusions reached in each of the nine chapters have also been translated into English to enhance the accessibility of research findings.

M.Cur. (Psychiatric Nursing) / Burnout has severe consequences for the psychiatric nurse as individual and for the mental health delivery system because of an increase in staff turnover and a decrease in the quality of patientcare. Psychiatric nurses suffering from burnout have the potential to experience job satisfaction, if job satisfaction can be facilitated. Job satisfaction of the psychiatric nurse will promote the mental health for her as individual, her patients, colleagues, family and the community. The following aims were set for the research project: Exploring and describing the aspects which cause and promote burnout amongst psychiatric nurses at a private psychiatric hospital; and to formulate guidelines for the psychiatric nursing specialist to facilitate job satisfaction of psychiatric nurses, as an integral part of mental health by means of mobilisation of resources. Nursing for the Whole Person Theory was used as the theoretical framework for this qualitative,contextual study. Botes' Model (1995:4-9) for Nursing Research was used to structure theresearch. The measures which were used to ensure reliability,validity and credibility of the research, were that of Guba (inKrefting, 1991:214-222).A pilot study was conducted to prevent obstacles during gathering and analysis of data. Specific criteria were set for selectionof participants. After conducting a pilot study, fiveparticipants were purposively selected from the target populationat a private psychiatric clinic.Individual focus interviews were recorded on tape and latertranscribed. Data gathering and data analysis were divided in two phases. Three questions were asked during -Phase 1 regarding burnout, and one during - Phase 2- regarding guidelinesfor the prevention of burnout. Data was analyzed systematicallyand descriptive, combining Tesch's (in Creswell, 1994:115) and Kerlinger's (1986:479) methods.

D.Cur. (Community Nursing Science) / The purpose of the study was to develop a strategy to assist community nurses facilitate the mobilization of resources for meeting the basic needs of the elderly in the peri-urban and rural communities within the Hhohho region in Swaziland. Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research designs were used to explore and describe the basic needs and the resources for meeting the needs of the elderly. In order to achieve the study objectives and be logical, this study was organized into two phases namely: phase one and two. Phase one focused on the first objective namely: to explore and describe the basic needs and resources of the elderly in the peri-urban and rural communities in the Hhohho region in Swaziland. The second phase focused on the second objective namely: to develop and describe the strategy for mobilizing the resources meeting the basic needs of the elderly. Purposive sampling was utilized to select participants who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using focus groups and individual indepth face-toface interviews. Tesch method of qualitative data analysis was utilized to identify themes. From the study findings the researcher and the independent coder identified the following themes from the focus groups and individual indepth face-to-face interviews with the elderly and the key informants in the peri-urban and rural communities in the Hhohho region: • Theme 1: Need for resources because of poverty • Theme 2: Need for support because of burden for caring for others • Theme 3: Need for health care because of health challenges • Theme 4: Need for company because of loneliness • Theme 5: Need for protection because of abuse of the elderly persons The study highlighted a lack of resources including food security, housing accommodation, clothing, water supply and basic sanitation, electricity supply and lack of financial resource. The burden of caring for grandchildren who were orphans due to HIV/AIDS related illnesses and others as well as chronic illnesses were also reported...

D.Cur. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

D.Cur. / The goal of this research was to generate and describe a support approach for the advanced practitioner in psychiatric nursing to utilize for the neonatal intensive care nurse, working in a neonatal intensive care unit, in order to promote, to maintain and to restore mental health as integral part of health. Many changes occurred in the health care industry during the twentieth century. In South Africa, health care and social services that have developed, are grossly inefficient and inadequate. The Reconstruction and Development Program (R.D.P.), (1994:42-47), of the government of National Unity, designed therefore a number of programs to restructure the health care services , in order to contribute to the increasing prosperity and quality of life for all South Africans. Free health care has thus to be provided in the public sector for children under six, pregnant and nursing mothers. Free health care makes it more accessible for thousands of people who have avoided seeking help in the past, because of lack of funds. This large influx of patients to health facilities has placed a strain on staff, due to the increased workload. The neonatal intensive care nurses' workload and responsibilities have thus increased.