A dissertation submitted to Faculty of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing. Johannesburg 1992. / Advanced technology and an increasing awareness of ethical-legal responsibility and accountability in terms of patients' rights, are among the main reasons for a more discriminate use of the patient care setting for teaching and practising psychomotor skills in nursing. The college laboratory, alternatively known as the simulated clinical laboratory became the answer. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / MT2016

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Johannesburg, 2017. / Although simulation has been part of health care education for the last 40 years, there appears to be some resistance to embedding the education methodology in both nursing and medical curricula. Possible reasons for this lack of integration could be the educators’ fear of technology, organizational barriers, such as time for integration, and a lack of support for educators wanting to introduce simulation. In South Africa at present, simulation is only being used in pockets at universities and nursing colleges, with no formal contextually relevant training programme in place, specifically for nursing education, despite evidence that simulation improves student’s outcomes and critical thinking. Nurse educators have expressed anxiety and bewilderment and seem uncertain about the use of simulation. The purpose of this study was to develop a best practice simulation programme for nurse educators wanting to use simulation in their undergraduate nursing curricula. A multi-method design within a pragmatic paradigm was used for this study. The process was divided into four phases. Phase one involved data collection, using the National Council of State Board of Nursing (NCSBN) survey: Use of Simulation in Nursing Education (Hayden, 2010), to describe the prevalence and use of simulation in both university and college undergraduate curricula. Phase two consisted of two parts, conducted consecutively: a scoping literature review to determine simulation best practices in nursing and medical education, followed by a Delphi Study to elicit the perceptions of educators in South Africa regarding simulation and best practice. In the scoping literature review the question asked was: What does the literature identify as simulation best practices in nursing and medical education? Four best practices emerged from the literature, namely the importance of debriefing, identifying learner objectives, the integration of simulation into the curriculum and the inclusion of deliberate practice. A Delphi Study was then conducted to elicit the judgement and perceptions of simulation educators, working in the South African context, of the identified best practices. Phase three was the design of a conceptual framework and the development of a constructivist blended learning programme, using the Assessment, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) instructional design method. The goal of the programme was: Participants will be able to apply simulation knowledge and skills to meet the learning needs of their undergraduate nursing students. The four best practices and the National League of Nurses/Jeffries Simulation Framework guided the programme. The resultant programme was developed in seven Modules building towards the completion of a simulation scenario, including planning for the scenario and post simulation debriefing. Phase four was an expert review of the programme, from an e-learning specialist, nurse educators and a simulation expert. Both an expert review guideline for a written report and interviews were used for evaluation and refinement of the programme, prior to the programme being rolled out to nurse educators. Results: Simulation in South African nurse education institutions is predominantly at a task training level and has been developed into complex patient scenarios using higher fidelity simulations. The programme was well received by the experts as relevant to simulation education in South African undergraduate nursing curricula, either in a university or nursing college educational environment. Limitations: The limitations to the study include the small sample sizes in the data collection phases, due to simulation in South Africa being relatively new in nursing education. Universities were predominantly represented in the data collection findings, despite the researcher reaching out to nursing colleges for their perspectives and inputs. There is a dearth of South African simulation literature and none on best education simulation practices in South African Nursing Education Institutions (NEIs), and therefore the researcher relied on international literature in the scoping review. Conclusion: The blended education simulation programme is based on the needs of nurse educators wanting to include simulation in their education environment, based on their resources, and allows them to work through the programme in their own work space and time. / MT2017

BACKGROUND: Telepresence robots provide real-time audio, video, and mobility features, allowing faculty and students to engage in learning experiences without being physically present. PROBLEM: With multiple students and faculty members needing to quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a flexible learning environment was essential. APPROACH: The telepresence robots were used as an innovative approach for both faculty and students to engage in learning experiences offered in a variety of settings. OUTCOME: Feedback was obtained from faculty and students about the use of and satisfaction with telepresence robots. The robots were easy to use and posed only a few technological challenges, which were easily overcome. CONCLUSIONS: Telepresence robots were effective tools in overcoming teaching and learning barriers caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The telepresence robots have many applications, including use in clinical and community settings.

O presente estudo constituiu-se em uma pesquisa quantitativa, não experimental, do tipo survey, de natureza descritiva. Teve como objetivos analisar a avaliação que enfermeiros e enfermeiros chefes fazem em relação à formação conferida pelo curso de graduação em enfermagem, bem como identificar, segundo esses mesmos enfermeiros, os pontos fortes – pontos de luz - e os pontos fracos – buracos negros - dessa formação. Foram sujeitos deste estudo, 53 enfermeiros, atuantes profissionalmente em Instituições de Saúde de um município do interior paulista, que concluíram o curso de graduação em enfermagem nos anos de 2000, 2001, 2002 e 2003, e 31 enfermeiros, seus respectivos chefes. Para a coleta de dados construímos um instrumento, utilizando a escala analógica visual, contendo a descrição de 45 (quarenta e cinco) competências inerentes à atuação profissional do enfermeiro e uma questão sobre o estímulo fornecido, durante o curso de graduação, para a participação em entidades de classe. Após a validação (aparente e de conteúdo) do instrumento de coleta de dados e aprovação do projeto de pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética, demos inicio ao presente estudo. A análise dos resultados foi feita utilizando-se o Programa SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), versão 11.5. De acordo com os resultados, o presente estudo nos possibilitou concluir que: o preparo conferido pela graduação ao enfermeiro para organizar e dirigir serviços de enfermagem e/ou de saúde, em especial, foi considerado pouco adequado pelos dois grupos estudados; para os enfermeiros chefes, o preparo para a liderança da equipe de enfermagem é inadequado, o que contradiz a percepção dos enfermeiros; o preparo para a pesquisa que tenha impacto e possa intervir na prática profissional do enfermeiro foi considerado pouco adequado pelos dois grupos; quanto às competências educativas, também foram consideradas pelos dois grupos, como pouco adequadas; em especial, para a questão de programas de capacitação, recrutamento e seleção de pessoal, o preparo foi praticamente considerado como inadequado; para todas as competências, de todas as 31 categorias utilizadas nesse estudo, os enfermeiros avaliam-se melhor preparados pela graduação do que avaliam os enfermeiros chefes; tanto para o grupo de enfermeiros chefes, como para o grupo de enfermeiros, os pontos altos – “pontos de luz" - da graduação se referem, principalmente, às competências assistenciais; sob a avaliação dos dois grupos - enfermeiros e enfermeiros chefes - os pontos fracos – “buracos negros" - se referem, majoritariamente, às competências políticas; o processo formativo ainda nos parece desvinculado da prática profissional, levando a um descompasso entre o que se aprende e o que se vivencia; o discurso de formarmos um profissional crítico, reflexivo, capaz de atuar e promover mudanças na realidade que os rodeia, continua apenas na retórica; as várias reformas curriculares dos cursos de enfermagem têm levado apenas a alterações de aspectos pontuais; a utilização da pesquisa como “norte" da formação do enfermeiro, ainda está muito distante; a graduação deixa a desejar também quanto ao preparo do enfermeiro para desempenhar a função de ensinar/educar. / The present work was made up of a quantitative, non experimental, survey type study of a descriptive nature. Its aims were to analyse what the nurses and their nursing chiefs do in relation to the preparation given by the graduate courses of nursing, as well as identify, according to these same nurses, the strong points – or points of light- and the weak points or black holes in this training. The study subjects were 53 nurses, professionally active in health institutions in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo State, that concluded their graduate nurses training in the years of 2000,2001,2002 and 2003, and 31 nurses who were their respective nurse managers. For data collection an instrument composed of the visual analogue scales containing 45 questions was used containing 45 inherent competencies to the professional activities of the nurse and a question about the stimulus given during the graduate course for participation in professionally linked entities, After the validation (appearance and content) of the data collecting instrument and the approval of the project by the ethics committee the present study began. For analysis of the results the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) programme was used. According to the results, this study allowed us to conclude that: the preparation given to the nurses for organizing and managing nursing and/or health services by their graduate courses was considered somewhat inadequate by both the groups studied; for the head nurses the preparation for team leadership is inadequate, which contradicts the nurses perception; the preparation for research that would have an impact on and would alter professional practice was considered slightly inadequate by both groups; as far as educative competency is concerned, both groups indicated this to be a little inadequate also; in relation to the question of qualification programmes, selection and recruitment of personnel, the preparation was practically considered to be inadequate; for all competencies in all of the categories used in this study the nurses assessed themselves as better prepared by the 34 graduate course than did their counterparts, the head nurses; both the head nurses and the nurses indicated the high points - “points of light" in the graduate course refer principally to assistance competency; both groups also agreed that the weak points – “black holes" refer, in the majority, to political competence; the formative process to us, still seems to be separated from professional practice, leading to a huge difference between what you learn and what you experience; the discourse about training the critical, reflexive professional, capable of performing and promoting changes in reality what surrounds us, continues to be only rhetoric; the various curricular improvements of nurses' undergraduate courses has taken into account only the immediate aspects; the use of research as a guide to the training of nurses is still very distant; the graduate studies leave a lot to be desired as far as the preparation for the carrying out of teaching and educational functions.

O presente estudo constituiu-se em uma pesquisa quantitativa, não experimental, do tipo survey, de natureza descritiva. Teve como objetivos analisar a avaliação que enfermeiros e enfermeiros chefes fazem em relação à formação conferida pelo curso de graduação em enfermagem, bem como identificar, segundo esses mesmos enfermeiros, os pontos fortes – pontos de luz - e os pontos fracos – buracos negros - dessa formação. Foram sujeitos deste estudo, 53 enfermeiros, atuantes profissionalmente em Instituições de Saúde de um município do interior paulista, que concluíram o curso de graduação em enfermagem nos anos de 2000, 2001, 2002 e 2003, e 31 enfermeiros, seus respectivos chefes. Para a coleta de dados construímos um instrumento, utilizando a escala analógica visual, contendo a descrição de 45 (quarenta e cinco) competências inerentes à atuação profissional do enfermeiro e uma questão sobre o estímulo fornecido, durante o curso de graduação, para a participação em entidades de classe. Após a validação (aparente e de conteúdo) do instrumento de coleta de dados e aprovação do projeto de pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética, demos inicio ao presente estudo. A análise dos resultados foi feita utilizando-se o Programa SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science), versão 11.5. De acordo com os resultados, o presente estudo nos possibilitou concluir que: o preparo conferido pela graduação ao enfermeiro para organizar e dirigir serviços de enfermagem e/ou de saúde, em especial, foi considerado pouco adequado pelos dois grupos estudados; para os enfermeiros chefes, o preparo para a liderança da equipe de enfermagem é inadequado, o que contradiz a percepção dos enfermeiros; o preparo para a pesquisa que tenha impacto e possa intervir na prática profissional do enfermeiro foi considerado pouco adequado pelos dois grupos; quanto às competências educativas, também foram consideradas pelos dois grupos, como pouco adequadas; em especial, para a questão de programas de capacitação, recrutamento e seleção de pessoal, o preparo foi praticamente considerado como inadequado; para todas as competências, de todas as 31 categorias utilizadas nesse estudo, os enfermeiros avaliam-se melhor preparados pela graduação do que avaliam os enfermeiros chefes; tanto para o grupo de enfermeiros chefes, como para o grupo de enfermeiros, os pontos altos – “pontos de luz” - da graduação se referem, principalmente, às competências assistenciais; sob a avaliação dos dois grupos - enfermeiros e enfermeiros chefes - os pontos fracos – “buracos negros” - se referem, majoritariamente, às competências políticas; o processo formativo ainda nos parece desvinculado da prática profissional, levando a um descompasso entre o que se aprende e o que se vivencia; o discurso de formarmos um profissional crítico, reflexivo, capaz de atuar e promover mudanças na realidade que os rodeia, continua apenas na retórica; as várias reformas curriculares dos cursos de enfermagem têm levado apenas a alterações de aspectos pontuais; a utilização da pesquisa como “norte” da formação do enfermeiro, ainda está muito distante; a graduação deixa a desejar também quanto ao preparo do enfermeiro para desempenhar a função de ensinar/educar. / The present work was made up of a quantitative, non experimental, survey type study of a descriptive nature. Its aims were to analyse what the nurses and their nursing chiefs do in relation to the preparation given by the graduate courses of nursing, as well as identify, according to these same nurses, the strong points – or points of light- and the weak points or black holes in this training. The study subjects were 53 nurses, professionally active in health institutions in a municipality in the interior of São Paulo State, that concluded their graduate nurses training in the years of 2000,2001,2002 and 2003, and 31 nurses who were their respective nurse managers. For data collection an instrument composed of the visual analogue scales containing 45 questions was used containing 45 inherent competencies to the professional activities of the nurse and a question about the stimulus given during the graduate course for participation in professionally linked entities, After the validation (appearance and content) of the data collecting instrument and the approval of the project by the ethics committee the present study began. For analysis of the results the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) programme was used. According to the results, this study allowed us to conclude that: the preparation given to the nurses for organizing and managing nursing and/or health services by their graduate courses was considered somewhat inadequate by both the groups studied; for the head nurses the preparation for team leadership is inadequate, which contradicts the nurses perception; the preparation for research that would have an impact on and would alter professional practice was considered slightly inadequate by both groups; as far as educative competency is concerned, both groups indicated this to be a little inadequate also; in relation to the question of qualification programmes, selection and recruitment of personnel, the preparation was practically considered to be inadequate; for all competencies in all of the categories used in this study the nurses assessed themselves as better prepared by the 34 graduate course than did their counterparts, the head nurses; both the head nurses and the nurses indicated the high points - “points of light” in the graduate course refer principally to assistance competency; both groups also agreed that the weak points – “black holes” refer, in the majority, to political competence; the formative process to us, still seems to be separated from professional practice, leading to a huge difference between what you learn and what you experience; the discourse about training the critical, reflexive professional, capable of performing and promoting changes in reality what surrounds us, continues to be only rhetoric; the various curricular improvements of nurses' undergraduate courses has taken into account only the immediate aspects; the use of research as a guide to the training of nurses is still very distant; the graduate studies leave a lot to be desired as far as the preparation for the carrying out of teaching and educational functions.

Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-06-09T19:49:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Camila Carlos Bezerra.pdf: 1474766 bytes, checksum: 1f4beee91dd1bedf69591ae9a6ac7af4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-10T15:42:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Camila Carlos Bezerra.pdf: 1474766 bytes, checksum: 1f4beee91dd1bedf69591ae9a6ac7af4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-10T15:42:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Camila Carlos Bezerra.pdf: 1474766 bytes, checksum: 1f4beee91dd1bedf69591ae9a6ac7af4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / INTRODUCTION: the scientific research at undergraduate level consists on the investigation conducted by academics, under advisor guidance, produced according to the scientific method rules, in search of the new, the answers still unknown by science. The scientific research practice at undergraduate level is imperative to meet the egress of nursing establish by nowadays way of care and society. OBJECTIVE: analyze the features of scientific research practice by finalist students of nursing undergraduate course of universities in Manaus - AM. METHODOLOGY: qualitative approach, in a descriptive and exploratory way, carried out in four universities in Manaus city, Amazonas state, having as subject 51 finalists’ students of nursing course and 04 coordinators. As data gathering technique, it was used questionnaires applied to the students, documentation of Pedagogical Projects (PP) and semistructured interviews with course coordinators. RESULTS: the finalists’ students define research as seek for a subject or theme and consider as a tool for generating scientific knowledge. The experiences of scientific research at undergraduate comprehend three dimensions: the inclusion of students in scientific research; scientific production; and the divulgation of the results presented at scientific events. Although the reference of these practices has been increased, the acceptance by partners and the publication of papers has been shown to be scarce. The analysis of PP evidenced disarticulation between teaching and research, besides presenting planning in disagreement to the reality found and described by students. Material resources exist. However, they were in conditions that did not meet the needs of the objects of research of nursing students. The number of qualified professors for guidance was not enough, when compared to the number of students in the course. CONCLUSION: the experiences of the practice of scientific research at undergraduate level, indicated by the students, were characterized as a study process more than a production of new knowledge. It is necessary that students understand the difference between academic works and scientific research. / Introdução: a pesquisa científica na graduação consiste na investigação realizada por discentes, sob orientação docente, produzida segundo as regras do método científico, em busca do novo, de respostas ainda desconhecidas pela ciência. A prática da pesquisa científica na graduação é um imperativo para atender ao perfil do egresso de enfermagem que a atual sociedade e o cuidar estabelecem. Objetivo: analisar as características da prática da pesquisa científica dos discentes finalistas do curso de graduação em enfermagem das universidades de Manaus – AM. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo e exploratório, realizado nas quatro universidades da cidade de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, tendo como sujeitos 51 discentes finalistas de enfermagem e quatro coordenadores de curso. Utilizou-se, como técnica para coleta de dados, questionário com os discentes, pesquisa documental nos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) e entrevista estruturada com os coordenadores de curso. Resultados: os discentes finalistas de enfermagem definiram pesquisa como busca por assunto ou tema e a consideraram como uma ferramenta geradora de conhecimento científico. As experiências de pesquisa científica na graduação compreenderam três categorias: a inserção dos discentes na pesquisa; a produção científica; e a socialização dos resultados apresentados em eventos. Embora a referência destas práticas tenha sido elevada, o reconhecimento pelos pares e as publicação dos trabalhos se apresentou escassa. A análise dos PPC evidenciou desarticulação entre ensino e pesquisa, além de apresentar planejamento em desacordo com a realidade encontrada e descrita pelos discentes. Os recursos materiais existiam, porém apresentavam condições que não atendiam às necessidades dos objetos de pesquisas dos discentes de enfermagem. O número de docentes qualificados para orientação não era suficiente, se relacionado à quantidade de discentes no curso. Conclusão: as experiências da prática de pesquisa científica na graduação, indicada pelos discentes, caracterizaram-se mais como processo de estudo, do que produção de conhecimento novo. É necessário que os discentes compreendam a diferença entre os trabalhos acadêmicos e a pesquisa científica.

No / This paper reports the findings of a study which was carried out to evaluate the educational preparation of cancer and palliative care nurses in England. The study was carried out in three stages and covered the following areas; documentary analysis of curriculae, assessment of practice, patients and professionals views of threshold and expert practice. The findings suggested that although there was widespread compliance with a national standard for cancer nursing, this was not the case for palliative care nursing. There was uncertainty about what should be assessed in practice and ambiguity about what was actually assessed. Partnership with children and their parents, clinical skills, multi-disciplinary working, and personal attributes were the main foci for expectations of threshold practice but an expert panel had difficulty in describing the attributes of higher level practice. The paper also describes how some of recommendations from the study are being taken forward in current policy and practice.

The ability to think critically is considered an essential skill of nursing graduates and competent nursing practice. Yet, the literature reports that teachers are having difficulty teaching for critical thinking and that critical thinking is lacking in new nursing graduates. This research study sought to identify barriers to the implementation of critical thinking teaching strategies by nursing faculty currently teaching in generic baccalaureate programs in Tennessee. Surveys were mailed to 262 nursing faculty; 194 were returned, and 175 were usable. Students' attitudes and expectations represented the single greatest barrier to the implementation of critical thinking teaching strategies, followed by time constraints and the perceived need to teach for content coverage. Recommendations to support and encourage faculty to teach for critical thinking are outlined.