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Improving Adherence: Use of Relapse Prevention Instructions in Clinical Nutrition ProgramsSnowden, James E. (James Edward) 12 1900 (has links)
The possibility that faulty expectations about success and relapse recovery contributed to poor adherence was examined in this study. Support for such an expectancy model was sought through comparing an index of relative task magnitude to adherence rates. Instructions designed to improve adherence through changing expectations about relapse and relapse recovery were also administered to 46 clients in two clinical nutritional programs. Their adherence rates <in days) were compared to the rates obtained from the records of 64 other clients who did not receive the instructions. To further understand the adherence phenomenon, several other measures were obtained from the treatment subjects. These data were compared to adherence rates in an attempt to identify potential co-variate relationships. Statistical procedures including analysis of variance to determine comparability of subject groups, Pearson Product Moment correlations, t tests of the difference between means, and the Lawshe—Baker Nomograph comparing per cent adherence rates were performed on the data. Obtained results did not support the predicted relationship between relative task magnitude and adherence. This may have been due to differences between subjective assessments of task magnitude and the objective measure used in this study. Although improvement in adherence was noted in both treatment groups, statistical significance was achieved only in the university based clinic. Differences in the settings, assisting nutritionists, and participating subjects could have produced these findings. However, because improvement did occur in both settings, and because the techniques may be easily and inexpensively utilized by clinical nutritionists, these instructions were recommended for inclusion as a routine component of nutritional clinic procedures. No strong co-variate relationships were found between adherence and the additional measures included in the study. The only variables which correlated with adherence more than trivially, emotional response to a verbal food stimulus, and imaging ability, did lend support for this cognitively active method of improving adherence.
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A critical look at nutritional value of commercials on the Nickelodeon NetworkVinall, Sarah A. J. 01 January 2008 (has links)
Food advertising aimed at children in America has been proven to directly impact food preferences, eating behavior and brand loyalty of youth (Story & French, 2004). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of television commercials that occurred during children's programming on the popular children's network Nickelodeon. This study examined the frequency, nutritional content and overall advertising techniques associated with food, beverage and restaurant commercials. It also assessed the degree to which children are being exposed to the promotion of unhealthy food, beverage restaurant commercials.
This study examined commercials that aired on the Nickelodeon Network between Monday, August 11 through Friday, August 15, 2008 between 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. on the Comcast Cable System in Stockton, California. The programming was recorded on a VHS tape and then later reviewed and analyzed. Each commercial was examined in the following areas: nutritional content; slogan; branded characters; premium; link to a movie and healthy message.
This study demonstrated that 40.65% of the commercials airing between 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. on the Nickelodeon television network are for food, beverage and/or restaurants. Twenty-six percent of food, beverage and restaurant commercials met or exceeded the daily recommended levels of fat, added sugars, and sodium, and fell short of providing essential nutrients as outlined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (United States Department of Agriculture, 2008).
The results of this study indicate that a considerable amount of food commercials targeting children as consumers. Government regulation seems unlikely due to the First Amendment, rights to free speech. This study points to several suggestions for advertisers, advocates, Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) teachers and parents to address the issue of advertising to children. Some of the suggestions include stricter self-regulation, education and parental responsibility.
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The relationship between self-concept, self-efficacy, emotional state, weight perception and food choice : implications for marketers based on a Generation Y sampleJanse van Rensburg, Louise 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Numerous individuals daily partake in injurious consumption, such as excessive or unhealthy food
choices. Individuals’ incorrect food choices can have a negative effect on their weight, health and
general quality of life. Marketers could and should play a pivotal role in influencing consumers’ food
choices, which will ultimately contribute to healthier individuals and societies as a whole.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-concept and food
choice, self-efficacy and food choice, emotional states and food choice, and weight perception and
food choice, and to highlight implications for marketers based on these findings. These
relationships were investigated in a Generation Y sample. A sample of 383 college-aged1 students
of Generation Y completed a self-administered questionnaire that was designed based on previous
studies. Respondents’ weight perception was also investigated as many students from Generation
Y try to change their weight perceptions through their food choices. Respondents’ food choice was
compared to the recommended food choice of the South African Department of Health
(Department of Health, 2009).
Based on this comparison, it was proposed that marketers of food products should promote a
decrease in respondents’ meat consumption and an increase in milk, fruit, vegetable and starch
consumption. Small yet significant relationships between respondents’ specific food choices and
self-concept, self-efficacy, emotional states and weight perception were found. Marketers can
incorporate these relationships into their advertising campaigns and brand slogans in order to
positively influence Generation Y to make healthier food choices.
Another significant finding was that male respondents indicated a higher ideal weight than their
actual weight, while female respondents indicated a lower ideal weight than their actual weight. A
relationship was also found between self-concept and weight perception for both men and women
from Generation Y.
The significance of this study lies in the expansion of knowledge regarding the food choice
behaviour of a Generation Y sample and the recommendations made to marketers based on
relationships found between food choice and the constructs at hand. These recommendations can
ultimately improve consumers’ food choice. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeie individue neem daagliks deel aan nadelige verbruik, met inbegrip van oormatige of
ongesonde voedselkeuses. Individue se foutiewe voedselkeuse kan hul gewig, gesondheid en
lewensgehalte negatief beïnvloed. Bemarkers kan en behoort 'n belangrike rol te speel om
individue te oortuig om gesonde voedselkeuses te maak.
Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die verhouding tussen self-konsep en voedselkeuse, selfekwiteit
(‘self-efficacy’) en voedselkeuse, emosionele toestande en voedselkeuse en
gewigspersepsie en voedselkeuse te ondersoek en om die implikasies hiervan gebaseer op hierdie
bevindings aan bemarkers voor te lê. ʼn Steekproef van 383 lede van Generasie Y het ’n vraelys
ingevul wat ontwerp is op grond van vorige navorsing. Respondente se gewigspersepsie is ook
bestudeer aangesien verskeie studente (universiteitsouderdom) van Generasie Y poog om hul
gewigspersepsie te verander deur middel van hul voedselkeuses. Respondente se voedselkeuses
is vergelyk met die voedselkeuses wat aanbeveel word deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van
Gesondheid (Department of Health 2009).
Op grond van die vergelyking is bevind dat bemarkers ʼn afname in individue se vleisinname, en ʼn
toename in individue se melk-, vrugte-, groente- en styselinname behoort te bevorder. Die
ondersoek het getoon dat daar klein, maar beduidende verhoudings aangetref is tussen
respondente se spesifieke voedselkeuses en self-konsep, self-effektiwiteit, emosionele toestande
en gewigspersepsie. Bemarkers kan hierdie verhoudings in hul bemarkingsveldtogte en
handelsmerk-slagspreuke inkorporeer.
Nog ʼn beduidende resultaat was dat die manlike respondente ʼn hoër ideale gewig as hul huidige
gewig aangedui het, terwyl vroulike respondente ʼn laer ideale gewig as hul huidige gewig aangedui
het. Die resultate toon ook dat daar vir beide mans en vroue van Generasie Y ʼn verhouding tussen
self-konsep en gewigspersepsie is.
Deur middel van hierdie studie is kennis rakende die voedselkeuses van ʼn steekproef van
Generasie Y uitgebrei. Aan die hand van die verhoudings tussen voedselkeuse en respondente se
self-konsep, self-effektiwiteit, emosionele toestande en gewigspersepsie, is daar aanbevelings vir
bemarkers gemaak. Hierdie aanbevelings sal uiteindelik bydra tot die verbetering van Generasie Y
se voedselkeuses.
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Dietary effects on skin colour : appearance-based incentives to improve fruit and vegetable consumptionWhitehead, Ross David January 2013 (has links)
Poor diet precipitates significant social and economic burden, necessitating effective and economical dietary intervention strategies. Current population-level campaigns provide guidelines for living healthily and focus on the impact of lifestyle on chronic disease risk. Behavioural interventions which capitalise on individuals' existing cognitions are likely to be more effective. A programme of work is presented here which evaluates the feasibility and efficacy of an appearance-based dietary intervention approach. This project aims to improve fruit and vegetable consumption by illustrating the associated benefits to skin appearance. The impact of fruit and vegetable consumption on skin colour is assessed (Chapter 6), corroborating previous between-subjects evidence which finds that dermal yellowness (CIE b*) is positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake. This work also discovers that modest within-subject dietary change is sufficient to perceptibly alter skin colour within six weeks (Chapter 7). Perceptual preferences are examined (Chapters 5 to 9), finding that optimally healthy skin colouration is that associated with increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Two behavioural intervention trials are conducted (Chapters 6 and 9) to evaluate whether visualising the impact of fruit and vegetable consumption on skin colour motivates dietary improvement. Relative to control groups, participants receiving an appearance-based intervention (in which the above effects are illustrated and explained) reported improvements in diet, particularly when illustrations were performed upon images of one's own face. It may be valuable to disseminate such an intervention at a population level, though a number of further longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the wider effectiveness of this approach.
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Nutrition knowledge of educators in primary schools in Makhuthamaga Municipality in Limpopo ProvinceMagoai, Matlou Martina 20 September 2019 (has links)
MSCPNT / Department of Nutrition / Introduction: Nutrition education is the change process whereby beliefs, attitudes,
environmental influences, and understanding about food lead to nutrition practices that are
scientifically sound, practical, and consistent with individual needs and available resources
Design and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrition knowledge of
educators in Makhuduthamaga municipality, Limpopo Province. Quantitative, descriptive,
and exploratory research was conducted to determine the factors that influence the nutrition
knowledge of educators and explore the relationship between factors and nutrition
knowledge. The simple random sampling technique was employed to select 200 educators in
grades 4, 5, and 6. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. The data was
analysed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS), version 21.
Results and Discussion: Of the educators who participated in the study, 66.5% were female,
and 33.5% were males. Almost all (94%) of the educators were trained at a college and had
teaching experience of between 21-30 years. Most of the educators (60.5%) had a diploma,
while 0.5% had a master’s degree. Almost one third of educators indicated that children
should eat three (3) times during the day, and 32% identified the important meals as
breakfast, lunch, and supper. Most (36.5%) failed to give reasons why children should not
skip meals. In terms of basic food and nutrition, majority of the educators (75%, 67%, 56%,
and 55.5%) responded correctly on the importance of carbohydrates, fat, vegetables, and
fruits, respectively. Only a quarter (26%) knew the importance of protein, while 75.5% knew
that protein forms part of a balanced diet. Most of the educators knew the rich sources of
vitamin A and fibre but did not know the rich sources of iron, iodine, and vitamin C. There
was no significant difference between the level of education and nutrition knowledge (p=
0.129), and between training institution and nutrition knowledge (p= 0.534).
Conclusion: The need to train educators on nutrition was one of the main recommendations
that emanated from many research projects. Most educators mentioned that training and level
of education were of the factors that affected their nutrition knowledge. Nutrition knowledge
is becoming increasingly important in food choices and in this study educators acknowledged
that training affected their nutrition knowledge. / NRF
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Barriers to compliance to exclusive breastfeeding and timely introduction of complementary feeding practices in EthiopiaMesfin Tesfay Tekle 11 1900 (has links)
Text in English / This study aimed at exploring Barriers to compliance with exclusive breastfeeding and timely introduction of complementary feeding practices in Ofla District, Tigray Region in Ethiopia.
A quantitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted to explore and describe the barriers that restrict mothers /caregivers to comply with exclusive breast feeding practice until six months and with introduction of solid, semi-solid and soft foods at six months in Ofla District. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, from a total of 112 samples of which 75 mothers and care givers with children aged 0-5 months and 38 children aged 6-8 months participated. The data were entered into a computer and analysed though the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.
The findings revealed that there are barriers related Doer mothers and Non-Doer mothers perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, cues for actions, perceived social acceptability and positive and negative attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding and initiation of complementary feeding. On the other hand, the participant’s perception of both groups with regard to perception of Divine (God’s) Will on two child feeding practices was insignificantly the same. Both groups perceived that children could get sometimes malnourished because of spiritual or supernatural causes. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)
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Obesidade infantil : instalação e manutenção, na perspectiva dos paisPriscilla Machado Moraes 15 February 2011 (has links)
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o funcionamento das famílias com crianças acometidas pela obesidade na instalação e manutenção da doença, na perspectiva dos pais. Nesta circunstância, foram considerados os sentimentos e dificuldades expressos pelas mães
frente à obesidade dos filhos; estratégias utilizadas para enfrentar o problema e indicadores no contexto familiar que pudessem estar contribuindo para a manutenção do quadro de obesidade infantil. O trabalho está dividido em três artigos, sendo um teórico e dois empíricos. O primeiro apresenta um breve histórico da necessidade humana de alimentação que mostrou as mudanças ocorridas que culminaram na proliferação da obesidade e, nesse cenário, as
transformações que a família enfrenta para adaptar-se ao meio permeado de tantas ofertas e constantes modificações, em articulação com a Teoria Sistêmica. O segundo artigo identifica no contexto familiar à luz da Teoria Sistêmica, os indicadores da dinâmica familiar que podem estar contribuindo para a instalação e a manutenção da obesidade na infância. O
terceiro artigo considera elementos presentes na história familiar das crianças com obesidade, os sentimentos expressos pelas famílias e as consequências físicas e psíquicas da evolução da doença. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa levando em consideração a experiência dos
participantes em relação ao tema. Foram entrevistadas seis mães e uma avó de crianças, na faixa etária entre 8 a 10 anos incompletos, que se encontravam em atendimento no
ambulatório de Obesidade Infantil do Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), na cidade do Recife. Utilizamos uma entrevista com roteiro previamente
estabelecido e, posteriormente, os resultados foram discutidos com base na análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados indicaram que todos os membros do sistema estão
implicados na instalação da obesidade, através da rejeição materna, compensada por superproteção alimentar, conflitos conjugais, interferência das avós na alimentação dos netos,
o que demonstra confusão na hierarquia. As dificuldades de intercâmbio com o meio demonstraram que as famílias consomem alimentos com alto teor de gordura; a falta de
coesão acerca das normas alimentares e de limites à criança são elementos que podem estar contribuindo para a manutenção da obesidade na infância / This dissertation aims to understand the functioning of families with children affected by obesity in the installation and maintenance of the disease from the perspective of parents. In this circumstance, we considered the feelings expressed by mothers and difficulties facing the obesity of children, strategies used to address the problem in the family context and indicators that could be contributing to the maintenance of the obese children. The work is divided in three articles, one theoretical and two empirical. The first presents a brief history of the
human need to feed that showed the changes that led to the proliferation of obesity and, in this scenario, the changes that the family faces in adapting to the environment permeated with so many offers and constant changes, in conjunction with Systemic Theory. The second article
identifies the family context under the light of the Systemic Theory, indicators of family dynamics that may be contributing to the installation and maintenance of obesity in childhood. The third article considers elements in the family history of children with obesity, the sentiments expressed by the families and the physical and psychological consequences of disease progression. The research is qualitative in nature, taking into account the experience of participating in the issue. Six mothers were interviewed and a grandmother of children, aged between 8-10 years old, who were in the outpatient clinic of Childhood Obesity Institute of Medicine Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) in the city of Recife. We used an interview
with previously established questions, and subsequently the results were discussed based on thematic content analysis. The results indicated that all members of the system are involved in the installation of obesity, through the maternal rejection, overprotection offset by food,
marital conflicts, and interference from the grandparents in the feeding of grandchildren, which shows confusion in the hierarchy. The difficulties of exchange with the environment showed that families consume of food with high contents of fat, lack of cohesion about food standards and limits are the child elements that may be contributing to the maintenance of childhood obesity
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Obesidade infantil : instalação e manutenção, na perspectiva dos paisMoraes, Priscilla Machado 15 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
dissertacao_priscila_machado.pdf: 1416795 bytes, checksum: d4a42ab07fac0090b7a9e111146b7e04 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / This dissertation aims to understand the functioning of families with children affected by obesity in the installation and maintenance of the disease from the perspective of parents. In this circumstance, we considered the feelings expressed by mothers and difficulties facing the obesity of children, strategies used to address the problem in the family context and indicators that could be contributing to the maintenance of the obese children. The work is divided in three articles, one theoretical and two empirical. The first presents a brief history of the
human need to feed that showed the changes that led to the proliferation of obesity and, in this scenario, the changes that the family faces in adapting to the environment permeated with so many offers and constant changes, in conjunction with Systemic Theory. The second article
identifies the family context under the light of the Systemic Theory, indicators of family dynamics that may be contributing to the installation and maintenance of obesity in childhood. The third article considers elements in the family history of children with obesity, the sentiments expressed by the families and the physical and psychological consequences of disease progression. The research is qualitative in nature, taking into account the experience of participating in the issue. Six mothers were interviewed and a grandmother of children, aged between 8-10 years old, who were in the outpatient clinic of Childhood Obesity Institute of Medicine Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) in the city of Recife. We used an interview
with previously established questions, and subsequently the results were discussed based on thematic content analysis. The results indicated that all members of the system are involved in the installation of obesity, through the maternal rejection, overprotection offset by food,
marital conflicts, and interference from the grandparents in the feeding of grandchildren, which shows confusion in the hierarchy. The difficulties of exchange with the environment showed that families consume of food with high contents of fat, lack of cohesion about food standards and limits are the child elements that may be contributing to the maintenance of childhood obesity / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o funcionamento das famílias com crianças acometidas pela obesidade na instalação e manutenção da doença, na perspectiva dos pais. Nesta circunstância, foram considerados os sentimentos e dificuldades expressos pelas mães
frente à obesidade dos filhos; estratégias utilizadas para enfrentar o problema e indicadores no contexto familiar que pudessem estar contribuindo para a manutenção do quadro de obesidade infantil. O trabalho está dividido em três artigos, sendo um teórico e dois empíricos. O primeiro apresenta um breve histórico da necessidade humana de alimentação que mostrou as mudanças ocorridas que culminaram na proliferação da obesidade e, nesse cenário, as
transformações que a família enfrenta para adaptar-se ao meio permeado de tantas ofertas e constantes modificações, em articulação com a Teoria Sistêmica. O segundo artigo identifica no contexto familiar à luz da Teoria Sistêmica, os indicadores da dinâmica familiar que podem estar contribuindo para a instalação e a manutenção da obesidade na infância. O
terceiro artigo considera elementos presentes na história familiar das crianças com obesidade, os sentimentos expressos pelas famílias e as consequências físicas e psíquicas da evolução da doença. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa levando em consideração a experiência dos
participantes em relação ao tema. Foram entrevistadas seis mães e uma avó de crianças, na faixa etária entre 8 a 10 anos incompletos, que se encontravam em atendimento no
ambulatório de Obesidade Infantil do Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), na cidade do Recife. Utilizamos uma entrevista com roteiro previamente
estabelecido e, posteriormente, os resultados foram discutidos com base na análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados indicaram que todos os membros do sistema estão
implicados na instalação da obesidade, através da rejeição materna, compensada por superproteção alimentar, conflitos conjugais, interferência das avós na alimentação dos netos,
o que demonstra confusão na hierarquia. As dificuldades de intercâmbio com o meio demonstraram que as famílias consomem alimentos com alto teor de gordura; a falta de
coesão acerca das normas alimentares e de limites à criança são elementos que podem estar contribuindo para a manutenção da obesidade na infância
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Barriers to compliance to exclusive breastfeeding and timely introduction of complementary feeding practices in EthiopiaMesfin Tesfay Tekle 11 1900 (has links)
Text in English / This study aimed at exploring Barriers to compliance with exclusive breastfeeding and timely introduction of complementary feeding practices in Ofla District, Tigray Region in Ethiopia.
A quantitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted to explore and describe the barriers that restrict mothers /caregivers to comply with exclusive breast feeding practice until six months and with introduction of solid, semi-solid and soft foods at six months in Ofla District. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, from a total of 112 samples of which 75 mothers and care givers with children aged 0-5 months and 38 children aged 6-8 months participated. The data were entered into a computer and analysed though the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.
The findings revealed that there are barriers related Doer mothers and Non-Doer mothers perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, cues for actions, perceived social acceptability and positive and negative attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding and initiation of complementary feeding. On the other hand, the participant’s perception of both groups with regard to perception of Divine (God’s) Will on two child feeding practices was insignificantly the same. Both groups perceived that children could get sometimes malnourished because of spiritual or supernatural causes. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)
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