Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2008. / Title from web page (viewed on Apr. 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

PURPOSE: To examine the prospective association of serum iron, copper, and zinc with cancer mortality. METHODS: The study sample included 3000 men and 3244 women free from cancer at baseline who participated in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital status at follow-up was identified by the Social Security Administration's death file and the National Death Index. Iron, transferrin saturation (TS), copper, and zinc were categorized into 4 levels using the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles for cutoffs. Relative risks (RRs) were derived from the proportional hazard models after adjustment for a number of potential confounders. RESULTS: Three hundred seven cancer deaths (ICD-9 140-195, 199-208) were identified during 83,664.4 person-years of follow-up. Cancer mortality per 1000 person-years was 3.7 (4.7 for men and 2.8 for women). For men and women combined, the adjusted RRs (95% confidence intervals, CI) for the four levels were 0.96 (0.57-1.61), 1.00 (reference), 1.12 (0.80-1.58), 1.86 (1.07-3.22) for iron; 0.97 (0.56-1.70), 1.00 (reference), 1.36 (0.99-1.87), 1. 82 (1.10-3.02) for TS; 0.76 (0.44-1.31), 1.00 (reference), 1.10 (0.77-1.58), 1.89 (1.07-3.32) for copper; and 0.75 (0.50-1.13), 1.00 (reference), 0.64 (0.47-0.88), 0.84 (0.53-1.33) for zinc. When the exposures were analyzed as continuous variables, the adjusted RRs (CI) were 1.66 (1.03-2.68) for 100 μg/dl iron increase, 1.17 (1.01-1.36) for 10% TS increase, 1.98 (1.12-3.50) for 100 μg/dl copper increase, and 0.57 (0.16-1.96) for 100 μg/dl zinc increase. Sex differences in the adjusted RRs for iron, TS, and copper were suggestive. CONCLUSION: People with higher serum iron, TS, or copper concentrations had an increased risk of dying from cancer.

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No description available.

This study takes as its basic problem the understanding of the influence of community structure upon the dietary intake of families. The principal hypothesis is that a group of households having higher social characteristics, in terms of the level of household income, occupation and education, is associated positively, and in terms of household size, is associated negatively, with adequate food intake. To determine the existence of such relationships, a multi-focused survey, stratifying populations into three strata, and selecting random samples in a two-stage design, was employed. The logic of the design proceeds from the assumption that the strata correspond to three different social changes that have happened to them. These social changes that have occurred in varied ways are the principal uncontrolled factors influencing their social behavior differentially; the other disturbing factors are assumed to have affected them equally. The results of the study showed that the strata had been essentially different in relevant variables during the survey. By the logic of the design, such hypothesized differences between strata are attributed to the social factors of income, occupation, education, and household size. Against this logical background, food intake was examined to ascertain whether there is a concomitant increase observed in stratum 1. Indeed, higher average food intake, nutrient status, and food expenditures, were observed stratum 1, relative to other strata. Because of the weakness of the design, further multivariate analysis using multiple regression as the method of study was conducted. The conclusion in this section was the same, such that in areas of households with high level of income, education, occupation, and a small household size, there was also an increase in average food intake, nutrient status, and food costs. In addition, an important insight coming from multivariate analysis is that household size has been found to influence food and nutrient intake most significantly and that household real income has shown to have the strongest influence in food costs only. / Ph. D.

by Luo Hsiang Ying. / Thesis submitted in: June 1998. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-106). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments / Summary / List of Abbreviations / List of Tables / List of Figures Introduction and aim of the study --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- The nutritional status of vegetarian children-a literature review --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Vegetarianism- past and present --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definitions and Classification of vegetarian --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Vegetarianism-past and present --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Potential benefit of vegetarian diet to health --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Nutritional considerations --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Energy --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Protein --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Calcium --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Iron --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Vitamin --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- "Sources of ""important nutrients in vegetarian diet" --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Growth and development of vegetarian children --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Growth of omnivorous children --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Growth of vegetarian children --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Long term effect of vegetarian diet --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- A reviews of local studies on Nutritional Status of Hong Kong Chinese children --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Nutritional intake of omnivorous children --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Calcium intake and Bone Mineral Content of Hong Kong Children --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Growth Standards for Hong Kong children --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3 --- An overview of the present nutritional status of Hong Kong children --- p.26 / Chapter 3.4 --- A reviews of the methods of dietary assessment and anthropometric evaluation --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Dietary assessment --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- Methods for collecting dietary intake data --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Selecting an appropriate method --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Food composition tables --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Anthropometric assessment of growth --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2 --- Measurement of height --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Measurement of weight --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Body fatness evaluation --- p.37 / Chapter 4.3 --- Using of skinfold thickness measurement to assess body fat --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Mid-upper arm circumference ratio --- p.39 / Chapter 4.4 --- Calculation of body fat from skinfold measurement --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Subjects and Methods --- p.44 / Chapter 5.1 --- Subjects --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methods --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Anthropometric Measurements --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Weight (wt) --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Height (ht) --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Skinfold Thickness --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Obesity identification --- p.48 / Chapter 5.3 --- Evaluation of bone mass in vivo --- p.48 / Chapter 5.4 --- Dietary Assessment --- p.49 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Estimation of food quantity --- p.51 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Nutrient intake data --- p.52 / Chapter 5.5 --- Blood test --- p.53 / Chapter 5.6 --- Data analysis --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Results --- p.55 / Chapter 6.1 --- Sample size --- p.55 / Chapter 6.2 --- Anthropometric Measurement --- p.55 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Weight and height data --- p.55 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Skinfold thickness --- p.56 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Prevalence of obesity in study children --- p.56 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Bone mineral density (BMD) --- p.56 / Chapter 6.2.5 --- Haematological and biochemical data --- p.57 / Chapter 6.3 --- Serum lipid profiles --- p.58 / Chapter 6.4 --- Diet assessment --- p.58 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Diet --- p.58 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Food consumed --- p.59 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Seasonal variation of food --- p.60 / Chapter 6.4.4 --- Energy and Nutrient --- p.60 / Chapter 6.4.5 --- Comparison with UK vegetarian children --- p.65 / Chapter 6.4.6 --- Relationship between body fatness and current diet --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter.7 --- Discussion --- p.67 / Chapter 7.1 --- Lacto-ovo-vegetarian children have normal growth --- p.67 / Chapter 7.2 --- Vegetarian children can be obese --- p.67 / Chapter 7. 3 --- Advantages and disadvantages of Chinese vegetarian diets --- p.68 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Calcium --- p.68 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Iron --- p.68 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Vitamin B12 --- p.69 / Chapter 7.3.4 --- Folate --- p.70 / Chapter 7.3.5 --- Fibre --- p.70 / Chapter 7.4 --- Conclusion --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter.8 --- Limitation of the Study --- p.72 / Chapter 8.1 --- Dietary record method --- p.72 / Chapter 8.2 --- Sample Size --- p.72 / Tables --- p.74-86 / Figure --- p.87-95 / References --- p.96-106 / Appendix I Dietary survey food frequency questionnaire / Appendix II Daily intake of individual food items

Based on the consideration of variation in diet habits and food sources among respondents, two different FFQs- FFQ-BS and FFQ-HK---were developed for use in the two mainland cities and in Hong Kong. / Developing and validating new dietary assessment methods such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) is necessary for the Chinese population. China has conducted 4 nation-wide nutrition and health surveys since 1959. However, a brief semi-quantitative FFQ was not used until in the 2002 Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey. Meanwhile, the telephone interview is a very practical and respected tool, making surveys more rapid and cost-effective and adopted in many health surveys in other countries, but yet not in China. Under these circumstances the author chose the development of these dietary assessment methods for the Chinese population as the research interest. / For the FFQ-BS, paired t-tests showed that the mean daily calcium intake was 591.7 mg measured by the FFQ-BS and 582.9 mg by 24-hour recall (P=0.6), with no significant difference found. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Paired-sample t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients and Bland-Altman measure of Agreement were used in the agreement assessments. / The overall goal of this study was to identify, test, and evaluate valid, reliable food frequency and telephone methods of collecting and processing Chinese dietary intake information, and analyze and disseminate survey results. / The subjects were 334 healthy women aged 20--49, recruited from Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong during June--July 2002. Three dietary intake survey waves one month apart were conducted by trained interviewers using a calcium-specific FFQ. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with each receiving either a telephone or in-person interview during the first wave interview. The randomization allowed a cross-over design through the three interview waves. The 50% of subjects (n=171) receiving the in-person interview first additionally was administered a 24-hour dietary recall interview following each FFQ. / The validity of the FFQs was assessed by comparing results with those of 3-day dietary recalls as a reference method, and the reliability assessment was performed by comparing two administrations of FFQs. / We attempted to reach the above goal by carrying out a comprehensive dietary survey comparing two administration modes (telephone and in-person) and two dietary intake assessment tools (FFQ and 24-hour recall). / by Li Ying. / "May 2005." / Adviser: Georgia S. Guldan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0186. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-158). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis (doctoral)--Delhi School of Economics, 1980. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 202-221).

A new, Internet-based Food Recall Checklist (FoRC) was developed to assess students diet; a checklist of 121 foods consumed on the previous day which was completed on multiple days.  FoRC was validated against a non-weighted diet record in two studies (n=94).  Novel feedback messages for students were created and software was developed to link these messages to results from individual dietary assessment in FoRC.  An intervention trial was planned to measure students’ diet and to deliver tailored nutrition messages via the Internet, to assess whether tailored dietary feedback could help to promote healthy diet change. General dietary intake of the sample was analysed using one-day diet records from 459 undergraduate students.  The dietary intake of the sample of students was found to be healthier than participants aged 19-24 years in the UK-wide National Diet and Nutrition Survey.  However, there was evidence of poor dietary habits; Non-Milk Extrinsic Sugars (NMES) intake exceeded the maximum daily guideline intake and fruit and vegetable and Non-Starch Polysaccharide intakes did not meet recommendations. There was also evidence of excessive consumption of unhealthy foods, such as alcohol, crisps and confectionary. Change in dietary intake was assessed in an <i>intervention </i>group and <i>control </i>group.  The <i>intervention </i>group received feedback after baseline, three and six month completion of four days of FoRC.  The retention rate was very low, but in participants who completed the protocol NMES intake significantly decreased in the <i>intervention </i>group at six  months compared to the <i>control </i>group (p=0.017). It was concluded that monitoring diet in students may still be an important public health objective; students may be relatively healthy, but may still benefit from nutrition surveillance and advice.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 F73 / Master of Science