Lee, Hang Mei. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Publication List --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.xii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter I: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Importance of Children´ةs Diet to Their Health --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Current Health and Dietary Situation in Hong Kong Children --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Dietary Patterns of Children Around the World --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Common Dietary Assessments in Children --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Food Records --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- 24-hour Dietary Recalls --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Reliability and Validity of Fast Assessment Tools --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6 --- Concerns of Validating Short Assessment Tools in Children --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Administration Process --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Questionnaire Design --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Cognitive Development of Children --- p.22 / Chapter 1.7 --- Introduction to the Two Minute Assessment (TMA) Questionnaire Used --- p.22 / Chapter 1.8 --- Study Objectives and Hypotheses --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter II: --- Methodology / Chapter 2.1 --- Sample Selection and Recruitment --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Data Collection --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Training --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Anthropometric Data --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- TMA Questionnaire and Administration --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- 24-hour Dietary Recall Interviewers --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Physical Activity (PA) Level --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Data Entry, Verification and Cleaning" --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- Data Analyses --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Anthropometric Data --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Dietary Study --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Reliability Study --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Validity Study --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5 --- Ethics Approval --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter III: --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Subjects Recruited and Participation Rates --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Dietary Study --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Characteristics of Subjects --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Selected Nutrient Intakes and Recommendations --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- By Gender --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- By Weight Status --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Dietary Sources of Selected Nutrients --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Food Group Intakes and Recommendations --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- By Gender --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- By Weight Status --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- By Eating Occasions --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Food Group Composition --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Eating Behaviors --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Breakfast --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.4.1.1 --- Breakfast Eating Behavior --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.4.1.2 --- Nutrient and Food Group Intakes among the Daily vs Non-Daily Breakfast Eaters --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.4.1.3 --- Frequently Consumed Breakfast Foods --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Snacking --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.4.2.1 --- Snacking Behavior --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Eating Out --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.4.3.1 --- Eating Out Behavior --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.4.3.2 --- Nutrient Density of Food Eaten at Home vs. Eaten Out (EO) --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.4.3.3 --- Percent of Food Group Intake of Eaten at Home vs Eaten Out --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3 --- TMA Reliability Study --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Characteristics of Subjects --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Reponses and Reliability of TMA Questions --- p.65 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Internal Consistency and Test-Retest Reliability of Scores --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4 --- Validity of TMA --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Anthropometric Characteristics of Subjects --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- TMA Responses --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Suggestions for Dietary Improvement --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Associations Between Nutrient Intakes and Individual Questions --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Nutrition Knowledge Question --- p.77 / Chapter 34.4.2 --- Dietary Behavior Questions --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4.4.3 --- Physical Activity Questions --- p.85 / Chapter 3.4.4.4 --- Household Economics Questions --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Correlation Between Nutrient and Food Group Intakes and Recommendations with Scores --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.5.1 --- Behavioral Score --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4.5.2 --- Fat Score --- p.87 / Chapter 3.4.5.3 --- Fibre Score --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter IV: --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Summary of the Findings --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2 --- Student Dietary Study --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3 --- Study of Reliability and Validity of the TMA Questionnaire --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter V: --- Conclusions --- p.118 / Appendices --- p.120 / References --- p.158

Hematocrit, serum-iron and iron-binding capacity were used to test the iron status of a sample of fifty-six volunteer students. Subjects completed a questionnaire to examine whether a correlation exists between iron status and iron knowledge. The sample, including 20 males and 36 females, consisted of ten nutrition majors , eight biology majors, thirty-eight other majors, and eight vegetarians. The four measures revealed that a high prevalence of iron deficiency did not exist in this student population. Other findings: sex and iron status are not related; no correlation exists between iron knowledge and iron status; and vegetarians have an iron status comparable to that of non-vegetarians.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 P73 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 B93 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 T65 / Master of Science

This study contributes to a growing body of knowledge about diet and about exercise behaviors of young adults. This information is needed if we are to plan public health campaigns designed to reduce the risk of chronic disease through more healthful eating habits and a more active lifestyle. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 18-24 year old Oregonians. It included questions about factors influencing food choices, exercise behavior questions, and a food frequency questionnaire. The final sample of 57 exercisers and 70 non-exercisers was examined for differences in opinion about the healthfulness of specific foods, relatedness between opinions and consumption of these foods, and general adequacy of dietary intake. Factor analysis demonstrated a relationship between the constructs "not fattening/fattening" and "good for my health/not good for my health", which we called the "healthfulness" factor and examined further. Opinion about the healthfulness of 20 foods was evaluated. Exercisers were similar to non-exercisers, and in general did not have stronger opinions about the healthfulness of certain foods than the non-exercisers. There were more differences among exercisers stratified by those exercising more frequently, and those exercising less frequently. Consumption of most foods was not related to opinions about the healthfulness of the food for exercisers or nonexercisers. It may be that opinions about the healthfulness of a food, influence a young adult's consumption of that food, but only for foods not considered very tasty. Neither exercisers nor non-exercisers had dietary intakes which compared well with Food Guide Pyramid minimum recommendations, although exercisers did come closer to eating 2 fruits per day than did non-exercisers. For other food groups the trend was for more exercisers to meet the minimum recommendations than non-exercisers, and more males to meet the minimum intakes than females. Overall, consumption of the meat/meat alternate group was closest to recommendations, followed by fruits, grains, dairy, and vegetables. Both groups rated highly the importance of eating nutritious foods, while exercisers felt more confident in their ability to read nutrition labels. Young adults perceive time to be their scarcest resource in matters of food consumption. / Graduation date: 1996

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Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2017-08-24T11:09:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SinaraGomes.pdf: 1540559 bytes, checksum: c430797adc0d8dbb96a1be59cb7a4e6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-24T11:09:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SinaraGomes.pdf: 1540559 bytes, checksum: c430797adc0d8dbb96a1be59cb7a4e6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-02 / BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a phase of nutritional risk, in which nutritional deficiencies and excesses can negatively affect the current and future health of this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze food consumption in adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. METHODS: A cross - sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 378 adolescents enrolled in public schools in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The food consumption was evaluated by two 24-hour Reminder Inquiries. Consumption of energy, macronutrients, fibers and micronutrients were compared to the values recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes, according to age and sex. Nutrient intakes were corrected with the removal of dietary variability. RESULTS: It was verified that most of the adolescents had adequate consu mption of carbohydrates and proteins. Energy consumption was statistically significant between the sexes, with insufficient prevalence in boys and higher higher consumption among girls (p <0.001). Among the macronutrients, the lipids presented greater inadequate consumption, especially of saturated fats, which had a higher percentage of excessive consumption. Consumption of calcium, potassium, vitamins A, C and E and fiber did not reach recommendations in both sexes. Sodium intake was excessive in 60.8% mal e adolescents and 42.4% in female adolescents. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the diet of adolescents remains deficient in vitamins and minerals and nutritional excesses, especially saturated fats and sodium, which can put this population at risk for the development of diseases. Intervention measures are necessary to reverse this framework, as well as research that analyzes their short-, medium- and long-term impacts. / INTRODUÇÃO: A adolescência constitui uma fase de risco nutricional, em que carências e excessos nutricionais podem afetar de maneira negativa a saúde atual e futura dessa população. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o consumo alimentar em adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com amostra probabilística de 378 adolescentes matriculados em escolas públicas de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por dois Inquéritos Recordatórios de 24 horas. O consumo de energia, macronutrientes, fibras e micronutrientes foram comparados aos valores preconizados pela Dietary Reference Intakes, segundo idade e sexo. A ingestão dos nutrientes foi corrigida com a remoção da variabilidade da dieta. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se a ingestão inadequada de gorduras, sobretudo das saturadas, que tiveram uma considerável proporção de adolescentes com consumo excessivo. O consumo de energia foi estatisticamente significante entre os sexos, sendo o insuficiente prevalente nos meninos e o consumo elevado maior entre a s meninas (p<0,001). O consumo do cálcio, potássio, vitaminas A, C e E e fibra não atingiram às recomendações em ambos os sexos. O consumo do sódio foi excessivo em 60,8% dos adolescentes e de 42,4% nas adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a dieta dos adolescentes apresenta carências de vitaminas e minerais e excessos nutricionais, rincipalmente de gorduras saturadas e sódio, que podem colocar essa população em risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças. Medidas de intervenção são necessárias para reverter esse quadro, além de pesquisas que analisem os seus impactos a curto, médio e longo prazo.

Graduation date: 1995

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