A two session nutrition education research project was conducted using basic training candidates at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), Glynco, Georgia. Prior to the administration of the full scale project, a test questionnaire was developed and evaluated and a project pilot test was conducted. The first part of the project involved the basic training candidates (N=313) responding to questionnaire survey designed to measure demographic and occupational data, knowledge of nutrition (NKQ), and attitudes toward nutrition (AQ). The NKQ and AQ were individually subdivided to measure various subscales. A minimum time period of 10 calendar days was allowed to elapse prior to the administration of the second part of this project. The same participants (N=286) were randomly assigned to one of four color treatment groups. All the groups were exposed to written nutrition education material, Eater's Almanac Vol. 1, No. 21, reprinted on one of four background colors (white, blue, green, and yellow). Following a set time period to review the contents, the candidates were administered an immediate recall questionnaire (IRQ). The basic training candidates at FLETC possessed some knowledge of nutrition prior to reading the nutrition education material. Out of a possible maximum score of 20, the mean was 10.38. Food faddism issues appeared to be the weakest area. Improvement of nutrition knowledge was approximately equal among all treatment groups. The overall mean IRQ score was 13.28 with a ranqe of 12.92 to 13.60. The nutrition attitudes of the candidates were favorable with a mean cumulative score of 45.08 out of a possible 80 (2.83/item). Food faddism was the weakest area. Immediate recall scores were unaffected by the candidates attitudes (r=.122 p .05). Background color does not appear to be a factor in the improvement of immediate recall scores. Basic training candidates possess favorable attitudes toward nutrition; however, this favorable attitude did not affect immediate recall scores. Further research efforts should be tailored toward the evaluation of additional relationships between color and nutrition education, long term nutrition education recall, the relationship of nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitudes, and their effect of knowledge and attitudes upon nutrition practices for law enforcement personnel. / M.S.

The aim of the study was to investigate the diet diversity, food access and coping strategies applied by single mothers with young children in the Northern Okavango region of Botswana. A qualitative and quantitative survey was chosen as the research design for this study. The study site was Gumare village in rural Ngamiland and the sample included only single female headed households. The questionnaires used were contextualized to reflect the culture, food patterns and specific foods commonly consumed in Botswana. Three questionnaires were used: 1. A socio- demographic questionnaire to document household size, age, marital status, income and water sources and the indigenous and wild foods that were gathered 2. The international standardized Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) questionnaire to identify the variety of foods from fourteen food groups consumed by households over the previous 24 hours 3. The international standardized Coping Strategies Index (CSI) to determine the coping strategy behaviours of members of the household when faced with food shortages The socio demographic results of the study showed that female headed households had an average 7.4 members. They were seriously affected by poverty, as 58% of the households had registered under the Botswana Social Welfare programme as destitute. Therefore qualifies to be assisted through provision of food baskets and cash vouchers. The overall results obtained from the household dietary diversity questionnaire showed a diet diversity score of 2.0. This is an extremely low diet diversity value, which indicate a high level of vulnerability to food insecurity and inadequate food access. The foods which were mainly consumed by households were from the cereal food group, reflecting the global situation among the poor who rely on starch- based diets. The intake from dairy products (10%), meats (28%) and Vitamin A rich vegetables (16%) was limited. Given the limited food variety resulting in severe restriction to food access, coping strategies to address food shortages were employed. These included; relying on less preferred and less expensive food (100%), gathering wild food, hunting or harvesting immature crops (68%), limiting portion sizes (96%), reducing the number of meals eaten in the day (76%), depending on government food baskets (58%) and reducing overall food intake when the government food basket was not adequate (50%). It can be concluded that, given the restricted food access and a severely limited diversity in consumed food, extended government welfare assistance is crucial. The findings of this study could be used to guide the Botswana government when formulating new approaches and interventions to address food access and ultimately food security in households in this poverty- stricken area. / Agriculture, Animal Health & Human Ecology / M.A. (Human Ecology)

This study surveyed working young adults to explore their food choice influences. Focus group data determined which food choice influences were important for young adults and were used to develop a pilot survey. Analysis of the pilot survey assisted in revising the survey which was again pilot tested; minor revisions were made before data collection. The sample included 18-24 year old young adults who were taking nine or fewer credit hours and were not living with a parent or child. Of the 111 subjects, 42 percent were male, 64 percent female; 77 percent Caucasian, 16 percent Hispanic; and 68 percent were taking no classes. The food choice influences which appear to be the strongest for working young adults are, in order of strength: Appearance of food, Taste, What was eaten as a child, Convenience, What friends eat, Health, Calorie content, Advertising, and Price. Appearance of food and taste were much stronger than the rest. Cluster analysis identified three groups of working young adults: Socially-oriented, health-oriented, and time-oriented. The socially-oriented group viewed what friends ate and convenience as significantly more important. This group tended to be less educated. Health-oriented working young adults rated eating healthy and low-calorie foods as significantly more important while they were significantly less concerned about price and advertising. Time-oriented working young adults were significantly less concerned about eating healthy foods and thought their time for food preparation was significantly less adequate. Taste and appearance of food were significantly less important for this group. Time-oriented working young adults tended to be the most educated. The proportion of males and females in each cluster was approximately equal to the sample distribution. Nutrition educators should focus less on health, calories, and price and more on taste and appearance in their nutrition messages; cooking demonstrations and food samples are suggested approaches. Nutrition education messages also need to recognize that an effective message to one young adult may be ineffective with another. Targeting nutrition messages to various types of young adults may result in realizing greater success in promoting adoption of healthier eating patterns.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-20T20:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SueliOliveira.pdf: 3219985 bytes, checksum: b986b42d6a6d6881bfec54d43b42055e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T20:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SueliOliveira.pdf: 3219985 bytes, checksum: b986b42d6a6d6881bfec54d43b42055e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The lack of dietary instruments that allow to know the eating habits of children in a practical way, more accurate, less costly and that relate to diet with health outcomes is necessary to their development. This study aimed to: develop a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), adapt the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) North American to Brazilian dietary recommendations, assess their applicability and analyze the overall quality of the diet of children. In the first article elaborated the WHO list from three dietary Recalls Surveys 24 hours (RS24h) applied to mothers or guardians of 206 children from 13 to 32 months old from Sao Luis - MA. Composed the list food items that contributed 90% of energy intake and from eight nutrients. The FFQ included 77 food items that with eight categories of frequency of use, portions defined as small, medium and large and the previous time to the consumption of six months. Proven its validity and reproducibility the FFQ may be useful for epidemiological studies to evaluate the possible relationship between diet and health outcomes of children. In the second article the sample consisted of 1185 children from 13 to 35 months old São Luís-MA. Food consumption was estimated by applying a Recalls Surveys from 24 hours (RS24h) and it was made the adjusting of intrapersonal variability. The Pearson or Spearman coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation between the scores of HEI adapted to its components, energy and dietary nutrients. The quality of the diet was assessed by adapted HEI. The average of the HEI was 74.8 (± 13.2) points, with 58.7% of the children showing diets that need improvement and 36.6% with good quality diets. There was a positive correlation between the HEI and variety of diet, food groups, energy, protein, vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B6, folate, iron and zinc; and negative with total fat, saturated fat and sodium (p <0.05). The adapted HEI was adequate to assess the quality of the overall diet of children / A carência de instrumentos dietéticos que possibilitam conhecer os hábitos alimentares das crianças de forma prática, mais acurada, com menor custo e que relacionam a dieta com desfechos na saúde torna necessário o seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: desenvolver um Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar (QQFA), adaptar o Índice da Alimentação Saudável (IAS) norte-americano às recomendações dietéticas brasileiras, avaliar a sua aplicabilidade e analisar a qualidade global da dieta das crianças. No primeiro artigo elaborou-se a lista do QQFA a partir de três Inquéritos Recordatórios de 24 horas (IR24h) aplicados às mães ou responsáveis por 206 crianças de 13 a 32 meses de idade, da cidade de São Luís - MA. Compuseram a lista os itens alimentares que contribuíram com 90% da ingestão de energia e de oito nutrientes. O QQFA contemplou 77 itens alimentares, oito categorias de frequência de consumo, porções definidas em pequena, média e grande e tempo precedente para o consumo de seis meses. Comprovadas sua validade e reprodutibilidade o QQFA poderá ser útil em estudos epidemiológicos para avaliar as possíveis relações entre dieta e desfechos na saúde da criança. No segundo artigo a amostra foi constituída por 1185 crianças de 13 a 32 meses de idade, da cidade de São Luís - MA. Estimou-se consumo alimentar pela aplicação de um IR24h e fez-se o ajuste da variabilidade intrapessoal. Os coeficientes de Pearson ou Spearman foram utilizados para avaliar a correlação entre os escores do IAS adaptado com os seus componentes, a energia e nutrientes da dieta. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo IAS adaptado. A média do IAS foi de 74,8 (± 13,2) pontos, com 58,7% das crianças apresentando dietas que precisam melhorar e 36,6 % com dietas de boa qualidade. Houve correlação positiva entre o IAS e variedade da dieta, grupos de alimentos, energia, proteína, vitaminas A, C, B1, B2, B6, folato, ferro e zinco; e negativas com gordura total, gordura saturada e sódio (p<0,05). O IAS adaptado mostrou-se adequado para avaliar a qualidade da dieta global das crianças.

Bibliography: leaves 441-468

Bibliography: leaves 441-468 / x, 468 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Community Medicine, 1987

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2007. / INTRODUCTION: Epidemiologic research strongly supports the importance of adequate fruit and vegetable intake for the promotion of human health and the prevention of chronic disease. Data suggest that fruit and vegetable consumption in children may protect against an array of childhood illnesses. Low fruit and vegetable intake has been recognized as a key contributor to micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. Evidence indicates that fruit and vegetable consumption is inadequate in both developed and developing nations. A paucity of data on fruit and vegetable consumption exists in South Africa. Quantification of fruit and vegetable consumption is important for the worldwide drive to increase consumption and for strategy development to address inadequate consumption. METHODS: A secondary analysis of the dietary intake data (24 hour recall questionnaire (24-H-RQ) and quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ)), collected during the 1999 National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) in 12 – 108 month old children in South Africa, was conducted to ...

O trabalho objetiva avaliar a situação de (in)segurança alimentar e nutricional na população indígena Karapotó da aldeia Plak-ô, localizada no município de São Sebastião, estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Discute-se nele aspectos referentes à fome, pobreza, desigualdade social, políticas públicas, direito humano à alimentação, situação de segurança alimentar e nutricional na população brasileira e indígena. Além disso o estudo também apresenta o contexto sobre os índios alagoanos e a etnia Karapotó. O estudo foi observacional com desenho transversal, realizado com todas as 90 famílias da etnia Karapotó residentes na aldeia Plak-ô. Foram analisados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, de (in)segurança alimentar e nutricional e estado nutricional das crianças menores de 10 anos (n=73). A insegurança alimentar foi avaliada, através da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) e de entrevistas com integrantes da comunidade. Para classificar o estado nutricional foram utilizados os índices peso para idade (P/I), peso para estatura (P/E) e estatura para idade (E/I), expressos em valores de escore Z. A maioria das famílias possuía um padrão socioeconômico muito baixo, caracterizado por alto percentual de analfabetismo e baixa renda. A prevalência de insegurança alimentar (IA) entre as famílias foi de 90% sendo maior entre aquelas com menores de 18 anos (93%). Famílias sem renda fixa e com mais de quatro membros apresentaram maiores chances de IA. As falas dos Karapotó revelaram que a fome é frequentemente vivenciada. A prevalência de desnutrição entre as crianças foi de 8,2% e de sobrepeso 6,9% para o indicador P/I. Quanto ao P/E as prevalências encontradas foram de 1,4% de desnutrição e 5,5% de sobrepeso, enquanto que para o indicador E/I foi encontrado 12,3% de déficit nutricional. No modelo de regressão linear as variáveis explicativas para o estado nutricional através do índice E/I foram idade da criança, escolaridade da mãe e número de cômodos da casa. A prevalência de desnutrição foi elevada, comparada aos estudos nacionais. O sobrepeso e a obesidade também se apresentaram como problema de saúde pública nas crianças estudadas, acompanhando a mesma tendência da transição nutricional no Brasil e no mundo. Esta situação indica a necessidade urgente de ações direcionadas à garantia dos direitos humanos deste povo por parte do Estado, respeitando suas opiniões, usos, costumes e tradições.

The aim of the study was to investigate the diet diversity, food access and coping strategies applied by single mothers with young children in the Northern Okavango region of Botswana. A qualitative and quantitative survey was chosen as the research design for this study. The study site was Gumare village in rural Ngamiland and the sample included only single female headed households. The questionnaires used were contextualized to reflect the culture, food patterns and specific foods commonly consumed in Botswana. Three questionnaires were used: 1. A socio- demographic questionnaire to document household size, age, marital status, income and water sources and the indigenous and wild foods that were gathered 2. The international standardized Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) questionnaire to identify the variety of foods from fourteen food groups consumed by households over the previous 24 hours 3. The international standardized Coping Strategies Index (CSI) to determine the coping strategy behaviours of members of the household when faced with food shortages The socio demographic results of the study showed that female headed households had an average 7.4 members. They were seriously affected by poverty, as 58% of the households had registered under the Botswana Social Welfare programme as destitute. Therefore qualifies to be assisted through provision of food baskets and cash vouchers. The overall results obtained from the household dietary diversity questionnaire showed a diet diversity score of 2.0. This is an extremely low diet diversity value, which indicate a high level of vulnerability to food insecurity and inadequate food access. The foods which were mainly consumed by households were from the cereal food group, reflecting the global situation among the poor who rely on starch- based diets. The intake from dairy products (10%), meats (28%) and Vitamin A rich vegetables (16%) was limited. Given the limited food variety resulting in severe restriction to food access, coping strategies to address food shortages were employed. These included; relying on less preferred and less expensive food (100%), gathering wild food, hunting or harvesting immature crops (68%), limiting portion sizes (96%), reducing the number of meals eaten in the day (76%), depending on government food baskets (58%) and reducing overall food intake when the government food basket was not adequate (50%). It can be concluded that, given the restricted food access and a severely limited diversity in consumed food, extended government welfare assistance is crucial. The findings of this study could be used to guide the Botswana government when formulating new approaches and interventions to address food access and ultimately food security in households in this poverty- stricken area. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M.A. (Human Ecology)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar a prevalência de hiperuricemia em nipo-brasileiros do município de Bauru (São Paulo), bem como verificar a existência de associações dessa doença com fatores nutricionais. MÉTODOS: Foram obtidos dados de 1.330 indivíduos por meio de questionários previamente testados (dados demográficos, histórico de saúde e dietéticos), exames físicos (estado de saúde e pressão arterial) e bioquímicos (ácido úrico, creatinina, glicemia de jejum e 2 horas, colesterol total e frações). Utilizaram-se o teste qui-quadrado e razões de prevalências para avaliar associação entre as variáveis nutricionais e a presença de hiperuricemia. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de hiperuricemia foi de 35,3% e acometeu, principalmente, tabagistas, indivíduos do sexo masculino, aqueles com 55 anos ou mais, com excesso de peso, obesidade central, hipertensão arterial, intolerância à glicose, hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, em uso de grupo específico de medicamentos e com creatinina sérica > 1,4 mg/dL. Mediante análise bruta, observaram-se relações entre hiperuricemia e o consumo de calorias totais, lipídeos, gorduras saturadas, álcool, carnes vermelhas, embutidos, leite e derivados, e frutas cítricas. Após o ajuste às variáveis de controle, permaneceram, com significância estatística, as associações entre hiperuricemia e excesso de peso, obesidade central, hipertrigliceridemia e uso de medicamentos. CONCLUSÃO: Encontrou-se elevada prevalência de hiperuricemia entre esses nipo-brasileiros, e que mudanças no perfil nutricional como redução de peso e da gordura corporal podem contribuir para minimizar a ocorrência dessa anormalidade entre esses sujeitos. / This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hiperuricemia among Japanese-Brazilians living in Bauru city (Sao Paulo) as well to verify the existence of associations between this disease and nutritional factors. METHODS: Data were obtained from 1,330 individuals using previously tested questionnaires (demographic, health history and food intake data), physical examination (health status and blood pressure) and laboratory procedures (uric acid, creatinine, fasting and 2 h glucose, total cholesterol and fractions). Chi-square and prevalence ratios were used to evaluate associations between hyperuricemia and nutritional variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 35.3% and it occurred more frequently among smoker individuals, men subjects, aged . 55 years, with overweight or obesity, central obesity, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertrigliceridemia, using specific drugs and with creatinine levels >1.4 mg/dL. We found in the crude analysis that hiperuricemia was associated with total calories, total fat, saturated, alcohol, red and processed meats, milk and dairy products, and citric fruits intake. After control variables adjustment remained statistically significant the associations between hyperuricemia and body weight excess, central obesity, hypertrigliceridemia and use of specific drugs. CONCLUSION: High hiperuricemia prevalence rate was found among these Japanese-Brazilians and changes in nutritional profile including weight and body fat reductions may help to minimize the occurrence of this disease in that community. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações