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<p>Undernäring förekommer både inom sjukvård och inom omsorg. Det är sjuksköterskans uppgift att identifiera näringstillstånd och det kan göras genom antropometriska mått och bedömningsinstrumentet Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskans nytta av bedömningsinstrument MNA. Resultatet baserades på 15 artiklar. Det är vanligt inom omvårdnad att personer är undernärda eller är i riskzonen för att drabbas av undernäring. MNA klassificerade fler personer som undernärda eller i risk för att drabbas av undernäring än andra instrument. Det visade sig att de som var undernärda eller i riskzonen drabbades av fler komplikationer än de som hade tillfredsställande nutritionsstatus. Mer forskning behövs och framförallt fler kvalitativa studier för att utvärdera varför sjuksköterskan väljer MNA. Kunskapen om MNA bör introduceras tidigt under sjuksköterskeutbildning för att studenten skall få tillräckliga kunskaper.</p>

Undernäring förekommer både inom sjukvård och inom omsorg. Det är sjuksköterskans uppgift att identifiera näringstillstånd och det kan göras genom antropometriska mått och bedömningsinstrumentet Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskans nytta av bedömningsinstrument MNA. Resultatet baserades på 15 artiklar. Det är vanligt inom omvårdnad att personer är undernärda eller är i riskzonen för att drabbas av undernäring. MNA klassificerade fler personer som undernärda eller i risk för att drabbas av undernäring än andra instrument. Det visade sig att de som var undernärda eller i riskzonen drabbades av fler komplikationer än de som hade tillfredsställande nutritionsstatus. Mer forskning behövs och framförallt fler kvalitativa studier för att utvärdera varför sjuksköterskan väljer MNA. Kunskapen om MNA bör introduceras tidigt under sjuksköterskeutbildning för att studenten skall få tillräckliga kunskaper.

Malnutrition is present in up to 48% of chronic kidney disease patients on the initiation of renal replacement therapy (dialysis)1. At this time, malnutrition is an independent and significant predictor of morbidity and mortality2. As a consequence of progressive deterioration in kidney function, symptoms of decreased appetite and reduced intake are common factors leading to the decline in nutritional status3. However, at present there is little evidence to inform nutrition assessment and intervention for pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the nutritional management of CKD patients prior to dialysis with an aim to optimise nutritional status. To address this, an investigation comprising of two phases examining nutrition assessment and intervention in a sample of pre-dialysis Stage IV and V CKD patients was undertaken. Both phases of the study were conducted through Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH) Department of Renal Medicine pre-dialysis clinic. Participants met the following criteria: adult (&gt18 years) Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) &lt30ml/min CKD, not previously seen by a dietitian for Stage IV CKD, absence of communication or intellectual impairment inhibiting their ability to undertake the intervention and an absence of malnutrition from a cause other than CKD. Phase I was a cross-sectional investigation into the performance of a range of tools assessing nutrition status, conducted at baseline of Phase II. Phase II was a randomisedcontrolled trial designed to determine if providing individual nutrition counselling with regular telephone follow-up resulted in improved body composition, nutritional status, dietary intake and quality of life, compared with standard care. A range of intermediate, clinical and patient-centred outcome measures were collected at baseline and twelve weeks. Body composition was measured by total body potassium counting (TBK), considered a gold-standard measure of body cell mass (BCM, the body’s functional metabolising tissue). Nutritional status was measured using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and a number of modified versions of SGA, 7-point SGA, Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Dietary intake was measured using 3-day food records. Quality of life was measured by Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form version 1.3 (KDQOL-SFTM v1.3 © RAND University), combining the Short Form-36 (SF-36), with a kidney disease-specific module4. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Version 13 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Phase I analysis was based on descriptive and bi-variate statistics, including chi-square, t-test and ANOVA. For phase II, change variables (Week 12 – Week 0) were created for the outcome measures (BCM, SGA tools, dietary intake (energy and protein) and the 18 KDQOL-SFTM subscales). The assessment of change in outcome measures by treatment group was undertaken by ANCOVA, adjusting for baseline values. Further multivariate analysis (ANCOVA and MANCOVA models) were created for outcome variables when confounding variables were identified and adjusted for. In Phase I, 56 patients (Male n=34; age mean (±SD) 70.7 (±14.0); GFRMDRD 22.4 (±6.5) mL/min) underwent baseline assessment. In this population the prevalence of malnutrition was 19.6% (n=11, SGA B; no C ratings). Malnutrition was associated with lower body cell mass (mean BCM, 26.3 vs. 33.4 kg p=0.007), body weight (64.8 vs. 76.1 kg p=0.042), BMI (23.7 vs. 27.6 kg/m2 p=0.015) and greater weight loss over previous 6 months (-6.2 vs. -0.1 kg p=0.004). Body cell mass indexed for height (BCM-I kg/m3.5) had a relationship with MIS (r=-0.27 p=0.063) and scored PG-SGA (r=-0.27 p=0.060), but not with 7-point SGA (F(4) 2.24 p=0.080). PG-SGA best discriminated malnutrition based on a BCM-I cut-off of &lt5.25kg/ m3.5 of all the modified SGA tools. The scored PG-SGA including the global SGA rating is recommended for use in pre-dialysis CKD. In Phase II, 50 patients, (Male n=31 (62.0%); age 69.7 (±12.0) years; GFRMDRD 22.1 (±6.9) ml/min) completed the 12 week study period (intervention n=24; standard care n=26). At 12 weeks, there was a clinically significant improvement in all outcome measures in the intervention group. There was a 3.9% (95% CI, -1.0 to 8.7%) mean difference in change for Body Cell Mass between the treatment groups, represented by a significant decrease in the standard care group and maintenance in the intervention group. Nutritional status measured by SGA improved or was maintained (24/24) in the intervention group, however, decreased in 14% (4/26) of the standard care group. Energy intake significantly improved in the intervention group resulting in a mean difference in change of 17.7kJ/kg (8.2 to 27.2 kJ/kg). Quality of life improved significantly in 10 of the 18 sub-scales in the intervention group. Significant effect modification for gender was apparent for many of the outcome variables, with females responding most significantly to the intervention treatment. This study concluded that, overall, structured nutrition intervention limits the deterioration in nutritional status, improves dietary intake and quality of life in patients with CKD prior to the onset of renal replacement therapy. This thesis makes a significant contribution to the evidence base for nutritional management of pre-dialysis Stage IV CKD. The use of SGA for nutrition assessment and including PG-SGA to measure change is recommended for routine nutrition assessment of pre-dialysis CKD. The provision of individual nutrition counselling with regular follow-up, with a focus on promoting intake provides beneficial patient outcomes supporting optimal nutritional status in pre-dialysis CKD patients.

No description available.

Despite mounting evidence, a question still exists as to the true clinical relevance of varying degrees of malnutrition, the role of currently measured nutritional parameters in identifying malnutrition and predicting clinical risk in individual patients, and the efficacy of nutritional therapy. This study was designed to document the usefulness of the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) as a predictor of clinical course. The nutritional assessments and clinical records of 328 subjects in a Veterans Administration Hospital were reviewed, PNI and complication rates were determined for each of the subjects, and the data statistically analyzed. The PNI was found to be a useful indicator of malnutrition and predictor of clinical course. The PNI appeared to be a more sensitive index of clinical outcome than did comparison of individual nutritional parameters to accepted norms, although it accounted for only 17% of the information needed to predict clinical course perfectly.

Previous studies have described multiple nutritional deficiencies after bariatric surgery (BS). However, few studies have evaluated these deficiencies prior to BS, specifically in Latin America. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with nutritional deficiency biomarkers in candidates for BS in Peru. We included adults of both sexes, aged 18 to 59 years, admitted to a Peruvian clinic with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; they were candidates for BS from 2017 to 2020. We considered the serum levels of hemoglobin and albumin (in tertiles) as the nutritional deficiency biomarkers. In order to assess the associated factors, we calculated crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We analyzed 255 patients: 63.1% were males, with a mean age of 37.1 ± 10.3 years and mean hemoglobin and albumin values of 14.0 ± 1.5 g/dL and 4.6 ± 0.4 g/dL, respectively. We found that males (aPR = 1.86; 95%CI: 1.26–2.73; p = 0.002), participants between 30 and 49 (aPR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.24–3.28; p = 0.004) or 50 years or more (aPR = 2.42; 95%CI: 1.35–4.35; p = 0.003), participants with a BMI ≥40 kg/m2 (aPR = 1.68; 95%CI: 1.09–2.60; p = 0.018), participants with impaired high-density lipoprotein levels (aPR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.01–2.05; p = 0.049) and individuals in the high tertile of C-reactive protein (aPR = 6.94; 95%CI: 3.37–14.32; p < 0.003) had a higher probability of being in the lower tertile of albumin. In addition, we found that the male sex (aPR = 6.94; 95%CI: 3.37–14.32; p < 0.001) and elevated cholesterol levels (aPR = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.52–0.97; p = 0.034) were associated with the lowest hemoglobin tertile. In our setting, nutritional deficiency biomarkers were associated with sociodemographic, anthropometric and laboratory markers. The pre-bariatric surgery correction of nutritional deficiencies is essential, and can prevent major complications after surgery. / Revisión por pares

Introdução: Apesar de haver sido relatada grande variação da prevalência de desnutrição na admissão hospitalar, observa-se consenso ao afirmar que a prevalência aumenta e sua intensidade se agrava quanto maior o tempo de internação. Ao mesmo tempo, as desordens nutricionais estão diretamente implicadas com aumento da morbi-mortalidade, sendo escassos os estudos sobre estado nutricional em pacientes hospitalizados na região norte do Brasil. Objetivos: Descrever o estado nutricional dos idosos internados em hospital geral em Rio Branco, Acre através da Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) e verificar a associação entre o estado nutricional e as características sociodemográficas, de saúde e estilo de vida dos idosos. Métodos: O presente estudo é um recorte de um estudo transversal de base institucional, realizado em hospital de nível terciário da região Amazônica em que foram estudados 318 idosos na primeira admissão nesse hospital, no período de janeiro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Resultados: A prevalência de risco para desnutrição foi de 33 por cento e de desnutrição, 21 por cento. Ser casado evidenciou em proteção para o idoso ter boas condições nutricionais, como também, maior escolaridade e fontes de ingresso. Enquanto que hipertensão, diabetes, declínio da capacidade funcional e polifarmácia evidenciaram em piora no estado nutricional do idoso. Conclusões: Viver com familiares e/ou amigos (OR=3,74); ter hipertensão e diabetes associadas (OR=4,22); dependência parcial (OR=14,92) e dependência importante (OR=41,56); e consumir mais de três medicamentos diários (OR=17,07), tiveram associação estatisticamente significante com a desnutrição. Em relação ao risco nutricional, conferiram associação viver com familiares e/ou amigos (OR=3,14); ser portador de hipertensão e diabetes simultaneamente (OR=5,75) e consumir mais de três medicamentos por dia (OR=6,64). A avaliação nutricional deve ser incorporada na atenção de saúde como um todo, com medidas de saúde complementares, que evitem o declínio de sua condição nutricional no momento e após a internação / Introduction: Malnurition prevalence at hospital admission has wild variation; however, it is consensus that its prevalence and intensity increase the longer they stay interned. Nutritional disordes are also involved in morbidity and mortality rate with little research on the nutritional status in hospitalized patients in the north of Brazil. Objectives: This study has the objective to describe nutritional status among elderly patients in general hospital in Rio Branco, Acre using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to verify the association between nutritional status andsociodemographic, health conditions and lifestyle among those elderly.Methods: This study is an outline of an institutional research project conducted in tertiary hospital in the Amazon region, which studied 318 elderly people in the first admission to that hospital, from january 2006 to july 2007. Results: The prevalence of risk for malnutrition was 33 per cent and malnutrition, 21 per cent. Married elders showed evidenced of having good nutritional status, better education and higher income as well. Healthy habits did not correlate with changes in nutritional assessment of the elderly. While hypertension, diabetes, declining functional status and polypharmacy showed deterioration in the nutritional status of the elderly. Conclusions: To live with family or friends (OR=3.74), have hypertension and diabetes associated (OR=4.22); partial dependence (OR=14.92) and important (OR=41.56); consuming more three drugs per day (OR=17.07); had association with malnutrition. In relation to nutritional risk the association gave live with family or friends (OR=3.14); be patient with hypertension and diabetes at same time (OR=5.75) and consume more than three medications per day (OR=6.64). Nutritional assessment is important for the holistic care of the elderly and must be incorporated in health care as a whole, with additional health measures that prevent their decline in nutritional status at the time and after hospitalization

Introdução: Apesar de haver sido relatada grande variação da prevalência de desnutrição na admissão hospitalar, observa-se consenso ao afirmar que a prevalência aumenta e sua intensidade se agrava quanto maior o tempo de internação. Ao mesmo tempo, as desordens nutricionais estão diretamente implicadas com aumento da morbi-mortalidade, sendo escassos os estudos sobre estado nutricional em pacientes hospitalizados na região norte do Brasil. Objetivos: Descrever o estado nutricional dos idosos internados em hospital geral em Rio Branco, Acre através da Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) e verificar a associação entre o estado nutricional e as características sociodemográficas, de saúde e estilo de vida dos idosos. Métodos: O presente estudo é um recorte de um estudo transversal de base institucional, realizado em hospital de nível terciário da região Amazônica em que foram estudados 318 idosos na primeira admissão nesse hospital, no período de janeiro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Resultados: A prevalência de risco para desnutrição foi de 33 por cento e de desnutrição, 21 por cento. Ser casado evidenciou em proteção para o idoso ter boas condições nutricionais, como também, maior escolaridade e fontes de ingresso. Enquanto que hipertensão, diabetes, declínio da capacidade funcional e polifarmácia evidenciaram em piora no estado nutricional do idoso. Conclusões: Viver com familiares e/ou amigos (OR=3,74); ter hipertensão e diabetes associadas (OR=4,22); dependência parcial (OR=14,92) e dependência importante (OR=41,56); e consumir mais de três medicamentos diários (OR=17,07), tiveram associação estatisticamente significante com a desnutrição. Em relação ao risco nutricional, conferiram associação viver com familiares e/ou amigos (OR=3,14); ser portador de hipertensão e diabetes simultaneamente (OR=5,75) e consumir mais de três medicamentos por dia (OR=6,64). A avaliação nutricional deve ser incorporada na atenção de saúde como um todo, com medidas de saúde complementares, que evitem o declínio de sua condição nutricional no momento e após a internação / Introduction: Malnurition prevalence at hospital admission has wild variation; however, it is consensus that its prevalence and intensity increase the longer they stay interned. Nutritional disordes are also involved in morbidity and mortality rate with little research on the nutritional status in hospitalized patients in the north of Brazil. Objectives: This study has the objective to describe nutritional status among elderly patients in general hospital in Rio Branco, Acre using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to verify the association between nutritional status andsociodemographic, health conditions and lifestyle among those elderly.Methods: This study is an outline of an institutional research project conducted in tertiary hospital in the Amazon region, which studied 318 elderly people in the first admission to that hospital, from january 2006 to july 2007. Results: The prevalence of risk for malnutrition was 33 per cent and malnutrition, 21 per cent. Married elders showed evidenced of having good nutritional status, better education and higher income as well. Healthy habits did not correlate with changes in nutritional assessment of the elderly. While hypertension, diabetes, declining functional status and polypharmacy showed deterioration in the nutritional status of the elderly. Conclusions: To live with family or friends (OR=3.74), have hypertension and diabetes associated (OR=4.22); partial dependence (OR=14.92) and important (OR=41.56); consuming more three drugs per day (OR=17.07); had association with malnutrition. In relation to nutritional risk the association gave live with family or friends (OR=3.14); be patient with hypertension and diabetes at same time (OR=5.75) and consume more than three medications per day (OR=6.64). Nutritional assessment is important for the holistic care of the elderly and must be incorporated in health care as a whole, with additional health measures that prevent their decline in nutritional status at the time and after hospitalization

Bakgrund: Undernäring är ett vanligt förekommande problem bland den äldre befolkningen. Att kunna identifiera de människor som lider av undernäring ligger inom sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsansvar. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) skalan är ett av de olika mätinstrument som används för att i tidigt skede upptäcka undernärda äldre eller de som riskerar att bli undernärda. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av användning av MNA-skalan hos äldre patienter. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer med hjälp av en intervjuguide genomfördes med tio yrkesverksamma sjuksköterskor på två geriatriska avdelningar. Data bearbetades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien resulterade i tre huvudkategorier; osäker bedömning, del av rutin och bra redskap. Slutsats: MNA-skalan upplevdes som ett bedömningsverktyg som ger bra vägledning. Dock bör sjuksköterskor komplettera bedömningen med andra faktorer bland annat den kliniska blicken som innefattar sjuksköterskans teoretisk grund, praktisk erfarenhet samt sunt förnuft för att resultatet ska vara säkert och tillförlitlig. Kliniska betydelsen: Genom att sjuksköterskan använder MNA-skalan tillsammans med sin kliniska blick och kompetens, kan undernärda patienter identifieras tidigt. På så sätt kan detta leda till betydande potential för att skydda mot mänskligt lidande och spara på samhällsekonomiska resurser. / Background: Malnutrition is a commonly recurring problem among the elderly population. To be able to identify patients who suffer from malnutrition is an important care responsibility of the nurse. The Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) scale is one of many different screening tools which are used for identifying malnutrition or risk for malnutrition among elderly, at an early stage. Aim: To describe nurses`- experiences of using the MNA-scale among the elderly patients. Method: Semi-structured interviews based on questionnaires were conducted with ten professional nurses in two geriatric wards. The data was processed with a qualitative manifest content analysis. Results: Three main categories of results emerged. These were unsure assessment, part of the routine and useful tool. Conclusion: The MNA-scale is an assessment tool that provides good guidance. However, it is necessary to complement the MNA-scale with other factors, for example, with clinical competence that includes the nurse's theoretical foundation, practical experience and common sense to get a safer and more reliable nutrition status. Clinical implication: By using MNA-scale with clinical impressions and competence, nurses can identify malnutrition early stage. This can lead to significant potential for savings in both human suffering and economic resources.