Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_act_dr_arafcf.pdf: 3608519 bytes, checksum: cc6e20fc86bc9c4dec40ac5481a2499f (MD5) / Fmrp-Usp / A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é caracterizada pela perda lenta, progressiva e irreversível da função renal. A DRC pode levar o organismo a desenvolver outras doenças, como a desnutrição e dislipidemias com risco elevado para as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). A homocisteína é um aminoácido sulfurado não formador de proteína, produzido pelo organismo através do metabolismo da metionina, proveniente tanto de fontes dietéticas quanto de catabolismo protéico endógeno nas vias de desmetilação e de transulfuração. O folato é essencial para a via metabólica de remetilação. A suplementação de ácido fólico reduz os riscos de doenças vasculares, por redução da homocisteína. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar os efeitos da suplementação de ácido fólico nas concentrações de homocisteína plasmática em pacientes portadores de DRC em tratamento conservador e em hemodiálise. Foram sujeitos deste experimento 27 pacientes portadores em tratamento conservador (DRC-C), sendo 44,44% do sexo masculino e 55,56% do sexo feminino e 24 pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise (DRC-H), sendo 16 (66,67%) do sexo masculino e 8 (33,33%) do sexo feminino. Os pacientes foram pesados e medidos para a avaliação de IMC. A circunferência de braço (CB) e a prega cutânea tricipital (PCT), foram usadas para avaliação da massa magra e massa adiposa junto com a circunferência da cintura (CC). Todos os pacientes receberam 5 mg de ácido fólico via oral. Para a avaliação dos efeitos da suplementação de ácido fólico ao longo do tempo, foram feitos exames bioquímicos em três momentos distintos: 1º (1 = sem suplementação); 2º (2 = após três meses de suplementação) e 3º (3 = após seis meses de suplementação). A albumina foi avaliada por método calorimétrico, perfil lipídico por método enzimático, homocisteína por imunofluorecência polarizada e PCR por... / Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by loss slow, progressive and irreversible renal function. CKD can lead the body to develop other diseases such as malnutrition and dyslipidemia at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Homocysteine is a sulfur amino acid not forming protein produced by the body through metabolism of methionine, from both dietary sources and endogenous protein catabolism in demethylation and pathways of transsulfuration. Folate is essential for the metabolic pathway of remethylation. The folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of vascular disease by reducing homocysteine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine concentrations in patients with CKD on hemodialysis and conservative treatment. 27 patients, patients receiving conservative treatment (CKD-C) were subjected to this experiment, male 44.44% and 55.56% female and 24 patients on hemodialysis (CRF-H), 16 (66.67%) were male and 08 (33.33%) were female. The patients were weighed and measured to assess BMI. The arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), were used to assess lean body mass along with fat mass and waist circumference (WC). All patients received 5 mg oral folic acid. To evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation over time were performed biochemical tests at three different times: 1º (1 = no supplement), 2º (2 = after three months of supplementation) and 3 º(after six months supplementation) . Albumin was measured by calorimetric method, lipid by an enzymatic method for homocysteine by PCR and immunofluorescence were polarized absorbance. In relation to BMI 44.44% of patients DRC-C are eutrophic. Patients DRC-H 54.17% had normal weight. The diagnosis of normality and CMB to PCT was 55.56% and 48.15% respectively. DRC-H group in 58.33% had values above the waist fitting, since the patients ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

As Imunodeficiências primárias (IDPs) incluem um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, que resultam de distúrbios do sistema imunológico, aumentando a susceptibilidade a infecções. Os avanços terapêuticos têm propiciado maior sobrevida destes pacientes, assim como necessidades nutricionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o estado nutricional nos diferentes grupos de IDP, avaliados através dos seguintes escores Z: peso, estatura e IMC para idade e da distribuição dos percentis de circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e dobra cutânea triciptal (DCT) para idade. Também foram realizados exames laboratoriais relacionados à avaliação nutricional. Foram avaliados 72 pacientes da Unidade de Alergia e Imunologia do ICr- HCFMUSP com diagnóstico definitivo ou provável de IDP, com idade entre 3 e 19 anos, alocados em três grupos de IDP: humoral (n=44), fagócitos (n=12) e celular ou combinada (n=19). Os três grupos foram descritos através de suas idades, sexo, peso e estatura, e com base nestes dados, determinou-se o escore Z de estatura para idade e o escore Z de IMC para idade. Para cada um desses escores Z, foram calculados: a média, o desviopadrão e o intervalo de confiança 95%, sendo as médias obtidas comparadas por ANOVA e posteriormente o teste POST HOC de Tukey- Kramer. Para avaliação de ingestão alimentar foram realizados: o recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e o questionário de frequência alimentar. Observou-se que os grupos de IDP celular ou combinada e de fagócitos apresentaram médias de escore Z de estatura e IMC menores do que o grupo IDP predominantemente humoral. As médias de escore Z de peso para idade não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante, entretanto o grupo predominantemente humoral teve a maior média. No grupo de IDP predominantemente humoral não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os subgrupos. A CMB estava abaixo do percentil 15 em 25% dos pacientes do grupo IDP predominantemente humoral; 55,5% do grupo de IDP de fagócitos; 68,4% do grupo de IDP celular ou combinada. Em relação à DCT, estavam abaixo do percentil 15: 18,1% dos pacientes do grupo IDP predominantemente humoral; 11% do grupo de IDP de fagócitos; e 36,8% do grupo de IDP celular ou combinada. A ingestão protéica excedeu o recomendado em 77%, 100% e 84,2% dos pacientes nos grupos de IDP predominantemente humoral, IDP de fagócitos e IDP celular ou combinada, respectivamente. Os grupos de IDP predominantemente humoral, IDP de fagócitos e IDP celular ou combinada apresentaram elevadas concentrações de colesterol. Em conclusão, observou-se déficit do estado nutricional mais intenso nos pacientes com IDP celular ou combinada e de fagócitos. O aumento de colesterol e a redução da CMB podem sugerir um distúrbio metabólico relacionado à inflamação crônica dos pacientes imunodeficientes, com risco para doença cardiovascular no futuro. / Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) include a heterogeneous group of diseases with immunological system disturbance, increasing susceptibility to infections. The therapeutic advances have increased life span of these patients, as well as the nutritional needs. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of patients from different immunodeficiency groups evaluated by the following Z scores means: weight for age, height for age, body mass index (BMI) for age and the percentiles distribution of upper arm muscle circumference (UAMC) and triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) for age. Laboratorial exams related to nutritional status were also carried out. Among patients from Allergy and Immunology Unit from ICr-HCFMUSP, 72 patients with definitive or probable diagnosis were evaluated, with age from 3 to 19 years allocated in 3 PID groups: humoral (n=44), phagocytes (n=12) and cellular or combined (n=19). These three groups were described through age, gender, weight and height. Through these data, were determined the weight for age, height for age, and BMI for age Z scores. There were calculated for each Z score: the mean, standard-deviation and confidence interval 95%, being the obtained means compared by ANOVA and after, the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. There were evaluated for intake food: a 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire. It was observed that the cellular or combined and phagocyte groups presented lower height for age and BMI for age Z score means than the humoral group. The weight for age Z score means didnt show significant statistical difference, however the humoral group had the highest mean. Among the subgroups from humoral group was not found significant statistical difference. The UAMC was below the 15th percentile mean in 25% of the humoral group, 55.5% from the phagocyte group and 68.4% from the cellular or combined group. About TSF, 18.1% of patients from humoral group, 11% from phagocyte group and 36.8% from the cellular or combined group were below 15th percentile. The protein intake exceeded the RDA in 77%, 100% and 84.2% in patients from humoral, phagocyte and cellular or combined groups, respectively. The humoral, phagocyte and cellular or combined groups presented high cholesterol levels. In conclusion, it was observed more severe nutritional impairment in cellular or combined and phagocyte PID than the humoral group. The high cholesterol level and the UAMC reduction may suggest a metabolic disturbance related to chronic inflammation in PID patients, with risk for cardiovascular chronic disease in the future.

Introdução: Distúrbios nutricionais são frequentes em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e associados a pior prognóstico. Entretanto, a grande variabilidade de critérios diagnósticos e a diversidade das populações estudadas tornam pouco reprodutíveis os resultados. São escassos os dados a respeito da ocorrência de distúrbios nutricionais em pacientes com IC no âmbito nacional. Objetivo: Estudar a ocorrência da desnutrição e caquexia em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada (ICD) e sua influência no prognóstico hospitalar. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma coorte prospectiva de pacientes com idade superior a 18 anos internados com descompensação de IC e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) inferior a 50%. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação nutricional que incluiu anamnese, avaliação nutricional subjetiva global (ASG), medidas antropométricas e foram diagnosticados quanto a presença de desnutrição, caquexia, baixo teor muscular e baixa força muscular. Dados bioquímicos, clínicos e de função ventricular foram obtidos por revisão do prontuário. Foram estudados os desfechos: alta hospitalar, óbito ou necessidade de transplante cardíaco em regime de urgência. Resultados: Foram analisados 131 pacientes, 64,9% eram do sexo masculino, a mediana de idade foi de 56 anos (IQ25-75: 45-64), 40,5% apresentavam cardiomiopatia dilatada, 32,1% doença de Chagas e 19,1% cardiomiopatia isquêmica. Os pacientes apresentaram mediana de FEVE de 25% (20-30) e de BNP de 1093pg/ml (591-2149). Quanto à avaliação nutricional a mediana de IMC foi de 23,3kg/m2 (20,6-26,7), 25,2% apresentaram baixo peso segundo o IMC, 41,2% baixo teor muscular, 49,6% baixa força muscular, 61,8% receberam diagnóstico de desnutrição e 48,1% de caquexia. Quanto ao desfecho hospitalar, 26% foram a óbito e 29% foram submetidos ao transplante cardíaco. A presença de distúrbios nutricionais esteve relacionada com algumas características clínicas, de forma que foi encontrado um pior perfil nutricional em indivíduos do sexo masculino, com doença de Chagas, adultos e que apresentavam maior severidade da IC. Os pacientes que tiveram os piores desfechos apresentavam menor FEVE, menor IMC, menos massa muscular, maiores níveis séricos de peptídeo natriurético tipo B e eram mais frequentemente desnutridos e caquéticos, porém na análise multivariada essa relação não se mostrou de forma independente. Conclusões: Nossos achados revelam que há uma alta ocorrência de desnutrição e caquexia entre pacientes internados com ICD em nosso meio, e que variáveis indicativas de pior status nutricional estão associadas com piores desfechos durante a internação / Introduction: Nutritional disorders are common among patients with heart failure (HF) and associated with poor prognosis. However, the great variability of the diagnostic criteria and the diversity of the populations studied make results poorly reproducible. There are few data about nutritional disorders in patients with HF at the national level. Objective: To study the occurrence of undernutrition and cachexia in patients with decompensated HF and its influence on hospital prognosis. Methods: Prospective cohort study of adults and elderly patients hospitalized with decompensated HF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 50%. The patients were submitted to nutritional evaluation including anamnesis, Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGA), anthropometric measurements and were diagnosed for the presence of undernutrition, cachexia, low muscle mass and low muscle strength. Biochemical, clinical and ventricular function data were obtained by reviewing the medical record. We studied the outcomes: hospital discharge, death or need for heart transplantation during hospitalization. Results: 131 patients were analyzed, 64.9% were male, the median age was 56 years (IQR: 45-64), 40.5% had dilated cardiomyopathy, 32.1% Chagas disease and 19.1% ischemic cardiomyopathy. Patients had a median LVEF of 25% (20-30) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) of 1093pg/ml (591-2149). Regarding nutritional assessment, the median Body Mass Index (BMI) was 23.3 kg/m2 (20.6-26.7), 25.2% presented low body weight according to BMI, 41.2% low muscle mass, 49.6% low strength muscle, 61.8% were diagnosed as undernourished and 48.1% were cachectic. Regarding the hospital outcome, 26% died and 29% received cardiac transplantation. The presence of nutritional disorders was related to some clinical characteristics, in order that a worse nutritional profile was found in patients that was male, with Chagas\' cardiomyopathy, adults and who presented a higher severity of HF. Patients who had the worst outcomes had lower LVEF, BMI, lower muscle mass, higher serum levels of BNP and were more often undernourished and cachectic, but in the multivariate analysis, this relationship was not shown independently. Conclusions: Our findings show that there is a high occurrence of undernutrition and cachexia among hospitalized patients with decompensated HF in our setting, and that variables indicative of poor nutritional status are associated with worse outcomes during hospitalization

Futebol é um esporte de natureza intermitente, consistindo de séries repetidas (6-segundos) de trabalho rápido de alta intensidade e curta duração e de períodos de recuperação de intensidade baixa a moderada (60-segundos). O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a antropometria, o consumo alimentar, o desempenho e as respostas bioquímicas, moleculares e celulares de jogadores de futebol no teste de esforço máximo e determinar se a reposição aguda de glutamina altera essas variáveis. Quatorze jogadores de futebol (idade: 18 e 21 anos), de time profissional, representativos dos atletas dessa modalidade e faixa etária, foram avaliados. A avaliação antropométrica mostrou que esses jogadores apresentavam altura, peso e percentual de gordura, compatíveis com a idade e modalidade. A avaliação do consumo alimentar mostrou um consumo inadequado de macronutrientes e cálcio segundo IDR e ACSM. O desempenho desses atletas no teste foi dentro do esperado para atletas desta modalidade. O exercício causou acidose metabólica; aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de produtos de peroxidação lipídica, glutamina e glutamato, e aumento dos leucócitos circulantes, sem alterações na glicemia, enzimas musculares, ou proteína do choque térmico 27. A suplementação com glutamina peptídeo não proporcionou melhora no desempenho nem alterou as variáveis analisadas, após o exercício, exceto os produtos da peroxidação lipídica, que diminuíram com a suplementação. Frente aos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que sem uma alimentação adequada para faixa etária, nível de maturação sexual e modalidade esportiva, mesmo com a prescrição correta de treinamento, a suplementação com glutamina não será capaz de proporcionar efeitos positivos no desempenho físico. / Soccer is an intermittent sport in nature, consisting of repeated bouts of brief (6-second) maximal/near-maximal work interspersed with relatively short (60-second) moderate/low-intensity recovery periods. The aim of this study was to characterize anthropometry, food habit, performance, as well as biochemical, molecular and cellular responses of fourteen soccer players (age 18-21) to maximum exercise testing and to determine whether glutamine peptide supplementation changes these variables. The anthropometric and body composition assessment showed that the players presented height, weight and amount of body fat compatible with international sport criteria; however, body fat revealed a great variability. The dietary assessment identified an inadequate macronutrient and calcium consumption, compared to RDI e ACSM recommendations. Athlete\'s performance in maximum exercise testing was close to this modality average. The exercise testing induced a metabolic acidosis, with increased blood lactate levels; increased levels of glutamine and glutamate; increase in lipid peroxidation markers and in white blood cell count, while no change was detectable in blood glucose, muscle enzymes or heat shock protein 27 expression. Glutamine supplementation caused no change either in performance or in biochemical, molecular or cellular variables after aerobic exercise, except for lipid peroxidation markers, which decreased with supplementation. Therefore, it was concluded that without a healthy diet, ajusted to age and sport, glutamine supplement is not able to induce positive effects on performance.

Abstract Nutritional status affects every aspect of a child?s health. Thorough nutritional assessment is hampered by the lack of a single comprehensive tool, which can cover all aspects of nutritional assessment. In three distinct studies, this thesis investigated the nutritional status of hospitalised children, children with coeliac disease and children with inflammatory bowel disease. Study 1 The objectives of this study were to assess prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional risk, and define demographic and anthropometric factors associated with nutritional risk among hospitalized children. In this cross sectional study, 157 hospitalised children were assessed for nutritional status using nutritional risk score (NRS) and anthropometric measurements. We found that 4.5%, 8.9%, 15.1% and 10.4% children were wasted, stunted, overweight and obese respectively. However, with the NRS, 47.8% of the children were at high nutritional risk. These children at high risk had lower weight for age (p=0.02), lower BMI percentiles for age (p=0.001) and longer hospitalization (p=0.001) than children at no risk. Study 2 The objectives of this study were to determine nutritional parameters in children with coeliac disease. Twenty-five children with coeliac disease and an equal number of age and gender matched controls were enrolled and anthropometric measurements, BIA and leptin levels were analysed in all. No significant differences were found between the children with coeliac disease and controls in these parameters. BMI percentile correlated with leptin levels in children with coeliac disease. Study 3 The objectives of this study were to determine anthropometric parameters and leptin levels in children with IBD and ascertain if BMI correlates with leptin levels in these children. Thirty children with IBD and 60 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements and leptin levels were analysed and compared with controls. IBD children had significantly low weight for age (p=0.002), BMI percentiles (p=0.001) and leptin levels (p=0.009) compared to controls. There was a correlation between BMI and leptin levels in IBD children. In conclusion, this thesis has shown that one quarter of hospitalized children were overweight or obese, and further, that half of the hospitalised children were at high risk of nutritional deterioration and these children had longer hospital stay than children at no risk. Children with coeliac disease had similar anthropometric measurements, body compartments and leptin levels to controls. However, children with IBD had lower anthropometric measurements and leptin levels, indicating under-nutrition. Nutritional assessment should be a mandatory part of clinical management with nutritional status assessed by various tools including NRS, anthropometry, BIA and leptin levels.

Kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) leder till ökat energibehov, relaterat till ökat andningsarbete och brister i näringsintag är vanligt hos patienter med KOL. Näringsmässigt stöd för patienter med KOL, som lider av nutritionsproblem, är en viktig del av omvårdnaden vid KOL. Syftet var att beskriva och jämföra nutritionsstatus, lungfunktion och boendesituation hos patienter med KOL inom primärvård. Studien har en beskrivande och komparativ design och genomfördes som en tvärsnittsstudie. Urval och datainsamling baserades på en tidigare studie och studiegruppen innehöll 81 deltagare. För att bedöma nutritionsstatus användes bedömningsinstrumentet Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Resultatet visade att de inkluderade patienterna med KOL, som var ensamboende, bedömdes ha sämre nutritionsstatus än de icke ensamboende. Jämförelsen mellan lungfunktion och nutritionsstatus visade inget signifikant samband. De inkluderade kvinnorna bedömdes ha sämre nutritionsstatus än männen. Sjuksköterskans uppgift är att i ett tidigt skede identifiera patienter med risk för undernäring. Det bör finnas en medvetenhet om att kvinnliga och ensamboende patienter med KOL kan löpa en ökad risk att få nutritionsproblem. Inom primärvård bör patienter med KOL erbjudas information och stöd för individuellt anpassad egenvård, för att hjälpa dem att undvika nutritionsproblem.

Abstract Nutritional status affects every aspect of a child?s health. Thorough nutritional assessment is hampered by the lack of a single comprehensive tool, which can cover all aspects of nutritional assessment. In three distinct studies, this thesis investigated the nutritional status of hospitalised children, children with coeliac disease and children with inflammatory bowel disease. Study 1 The objectives of this study were to assess prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional risk, and define demographic and anthropometric factors associated with nutritional risk among hospitalized children. In this cross sectional study, 157 hospitalised children were assessed for nutritional status using nutritional risk score (NRS) and anthropometric measurements. We found that 4.5%, 8.9%, 15.1% and 10.4% children were wasted, stunted, overweight and obese respectively. However, with the NRS, 47.8% of the children were at high nutritional risk. These children at high risk had lower weight for age (p=0.02), lower BMI percentiles for age (p=0.001) and longer hospitalization (p=0.001) than children at no risk. Study 2 The objectives of this study were to determine nutritional parameters in children with coeliac disease. Twenty-five children with coeliac disease and an equal number of age and gender matched controls were enrolled and anthropometric measurements, BIA and leptin levels were analysed in all. No significant differences were found between the children with coeliac disease and controls in these parameters. BMI percentile correlated with leptin levels in children with coeliac disease. Study 3 The objectives of this study were to determine anthropometric parameters and leptin levels in children with IBD and ascertain if BMI correlates with leptin levels in these children. Thirty children with IBD and 60 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements and leptin levels were analysed and compared with controls. IBD children had significantly low weight for age (p=0.002), BMI percentiles (p=0.001) and leptin levels (p=0.009) compared to controls. There was a correlation between BMI and leptin levels in IBD children. In conclusion, this thesis has shown that one quarter of hospitalized children were overweight or obese, and further, that half of the hospitalised children were at high risk of nutritional deterioration and these children had longer hospital stay than children at no risk. Children with coeliac disease had similar anthropometric measurements, body compartments and leptin levels to controls. However, children with IBD had lower anthropometric measurements and leptin levels, indicating under-nutrition. Nutritional assessment should be a mandatory part of clinical management with nutritional status assessed by various tools including NRS, anthropometry, BIA and leptin levels.

Abstract Nutritional status affects every aspect of a child?s health. Thorough nutritional assessment is hampered by the lack of a single comprehensive tool, which can cover all aspects of nutritional assessment. In three distinct studies, this thesis investigated the nutritional status of hospitalised children, children with coeliac disease and children with inflammatory bowel disease. Study 1 The objectives of this study were to assess prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional risk, and define demographic and anthropometric factors associated with nutritional risk among hospitalized children. In this cross sectional study, 157 hospitalised children were assessed for nutritional status using nutritional risk score (NRS) and anthropometric measurements. We found that 4.5%, 8.9%, 15.1% and 10.4% children were wasted, stunted, overweight and obese respectively. However, with the NRS, 47.8% of the children were at high nutritional risk. These children at high risk had lower weight for age (p=0.02), lower BMI percentiles for age (p=0.001) and longer hospitalization (p=0.001) than children at no risk. Study 2 The objectives of this study were to determine nutritional parameters in children with coeliac disease. Twenty-five children with coeliac disease and an equal number of age and gender matched controls were enrolled and anthropometric measurements, BIA and leptin levels were analysed in all. No significant differences were found between the children with coeliac disease and controls in these parameters. BMI percentile correlated with leptin levels in children with coeliac disease. Study 3 The objectives of this study were to determine anthropometric parameters and leptin levels in children with IBD and ascertain if BMI correlates with leptin levels in these children. Thirty children with IBD and 60 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements and leptin levels were analysed and compared with controls. IBD children had significantly low weight for age (p=0.002), BMI percentiles (p=0.001) and leptin levels (p=0.009) compared to controls. There was a correlation between BMI and leptin levels in IBD children. In conclusion, this thesis has shown that one quarter of hospitalized children were overweight or obese, and further, that half of the hospitalised children were at high risk of nutritional deterioration and these children had longer hospital stay than children at no risk. Children with coeliac disease had similar anthropometric measurements, body compartments and leptin levels to controls. However, children with IBD had lower anthropometric measurements and leptin levels, indicating under-nutrition. Nutritional assessment should be a mandatory part of clinical management with nutritional status assessed by various tools including NRS, anthropometry, BIA and leptin levels.

Abstract Nutritional status affects every aspect of a child?s health. Thorough nutritional assessment is hampered by the lack of a single comprehensive tool, which can cover all aspects of nutritional assessment. In three distinct studies, this thesis investigated the nutritional status of hospitalised children, children with coeliac disease and children with inflammatory bowel disease. Study 1 The objectives of this study were to assess prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional risk, and define demographic and anthropometric factors associated with nutritional risk among hospitalized children. In this cross sectional study, 157 hospitalised children were assessed for nutritional status using nutritional risk score (NRS) and anthropometric measurements. We found that 4.5%, 8.9%, 15.1% and 10.4% children were wasted, stunted, overweight and obese respectively. However, with the NRS, 47.8% of the children were at high nutritional risk. These children at high risk had lower weight for age (p=0.02), lower BMI percentiles for age (p=0.001) and longer hospitalization (p=0.001) than children at no risk. Study 2 The objectives of this study were to determine nutritional parameters in children with coeliac disease. Twenty-five children with coeliac disease and an equal number of age and gender matched controls were enrolled and anthropometric measurements, BIA and leptin levels were analysed in all. No significant differences were found between the children with coeliac disease and controls in these parameters. BMI percentile correlated with leptin levels in children with coeliac disease. Study 3 The objectives of this study were to determine anthropometric parameters and leptin levels in children with IBD and ascertain if BMI correlates with leptin levels in these children. Thirty children with IBD and 60 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements and leptin levels were analysed and compared with controls. IBD children had significantly low weight for age (p=0.002), BMI percentiles (p=0.001) and leptin levels (p=0.009) compared to controls. There was a correlation between BMI and leptin levels in IBD children. In conclusion, this thesis has shown that one quarter of hospitalized children were overweight or obese, and further, that half of the hospitalised children were at high risk of nutritional deterioration and these children had longer hospital stay than children at no risk. Children with coeliac disease had similar anthropometric measurements, body compartments and leptin levels to controls. However, children with IBD had lower anthropometric measurements and leptin levels, indicating under-nutrition. Nutritional assessment should be a mandatory part of clinical management with nutritional status assessed by various tools including NRS, anthropometry, BIA and leptin levels.

Orientador: Paula Schmidt Azevedo Gaiolla / Resumo: Introdução: O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é a principal causa de incapacidade na vida adulta e cerca de dois terços dos pacientes permanecem em estado de recuperação incompleta após o evento. O estado nutricional desses pacientes é de grande importância, pois nesta fase tornam-se mais susceptíveis às perdas de peso involuntárias, ocorrendo com frequência redução do apetite, disfagia, depressão e alterações da mobilidade, com consequente dependência funcional sendo comum observar inatividade física, alterações bioquímicas e carência nutricional de macro e micronutrientes. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre os desfechos nutricionais e a associação destes com incapacidade funcional após o evento. Metodologia: Foram realizadas avaliações clínica, nutricional, bioquímica e de composição corporal nas primeiras 72 horas de internação e repetidas 30 dias após alta hospitalar. Foi avaliada a capacidade funcional pela escala de Rankin modificada (eRm) 90 dias após o AVC. Para determinar as associações foram realizadas análises de regressão múltipla linear e logística, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 84 pacientes, a maioria idosos do sexo masculino, com AVC de baixa gravidade (NIHSS 5), 18,1% trombolisados. Apresentaram valores aumentados de IL-6, sobrepeso e obesidade, além de baixos valores de força de preensão manual na internação. Tiveram manutenção do peso, índice de massa corporal e área muscular do braço corrigida; redução das medidas de e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of disability in adult life and two-thirds of patients remain in an incomplete recovery condition after the event. These patients nutritional status is of great importance, as they become more susceptible to involuntary weight loss, with decreased appetite, dysphagia, depression, and changes in mobility, with consequent functional dependence, biochemical changes and nutritional deficiencies of macro and micronutrients. However, little is known about the nutritional outcomes and their association with functional disability after the stroke. Methodology: Clinical, nutritional, biochemical and body composition evaluations were performed in the first 72 hours of hospitalization and repeated 30 days after hospital discharge. Functional capacity was assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRs) 90 days after stroke. To determine the associations, linear and logistic multiple regressions were performed, considering a significance level 5%. Result s: A total of 84 patients were included, mostly elderly men, with low severity stroke (NIHSS 5) and 18.1% were thrombolysed. We found increased values of IL-6, overweight and obesity, as well as low values of handgrip strength at hospitalization. After 30 days of discharge, patients showed maintenance of weight, body mass index and arm muscle area; reduction of adductor pollicis muscle thickness, arm circumference and triceps skinfold; and increase of handgrip strength. They presented increase in %body fa... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre