A adolescência é entendida como um estágio intermediário entre a infância e a idade adulta e caracteriza-se como um período de crescimento físico e desenvolvimento acelerados. Os adolescentes são muitas vezes considerados um grupo exposto ao risco nutricional devido a seus hábitos alimentares e estilo de vida. A promoção de estilos para uma vida saudável pode contribuir para a saúde de crianças e adolescentes, sendo que as unidades de ensino se apresentam como um espaço privilegiado para esse tipo de atividade. Objetivou-se conhecer o estado nutricional, preferências alimentares e estilo de vida de 578 adolescentes, de ambos os gêneros, matriculados em sete escolas públicas da cidade de Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo. Foram analisados os indicadores antropométricos (escore Z de altura para idade - ZAI e escore Z de peso para idade - ZPI) e a distribuição do Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC. Por meio da aplicação de um questionário, foram obtidas, junto aos escolares, informações referentes às práticas alimentares, atividade física e estilo de vida. Adotando-se formulário específico, preenchido pelos pais e/ou responsáveis, foi possível a identificação das condições sócio-econômicas das famílias dos escolares. Professores de ciências e de educação física (n= 26) das escolas foram entrevistados com o objetivo de identificar o grau de conhecimento dos mesmos sobre o tema "alimentação e nutrição". Foram elaboradas tabelas de contingência, acompanhadas dos testes de qui-quadrado e análise de regressão múltipla. Entre os principais resultados, merece destaque a reduzida prevalência (4,0%) de escolares com escore ZAI < &#8722;2. Observou-se 22,1% de escolares com IMC &#8805;85 ° P (indicativo de sobrepeso). Nesta pesquisa não foi possível verificar a associação (estatisticamente significativa) entre as variáveis renda familiar per capita e estado nutricional. Verificou-se que os alimentos mais consumidos diariamente pelos escolares foram: arroz, feijão, pão, leite, frutas, sucos, margarina, café, verduras e achocolatados. Cerca de 70% dos jovens costumavam comprar alimentos na cantina, com predomínio da preferência para alimentos ricos em açúcar e gorduras. Adotando-se a técnica estatística de regressão múltipla, foi possível notar que em cada mês adicional na vida dos meninos há aumento do consumo de 4,33 kcal, enquanto para as meninas o consumo diminui 2,14 kcal por mês. Verificou-se que os adolescentes permanecem, em média, 4 horas assistindo à televisão diariamente e que 78,6% dos entrevistados praticam esportes. Observou-se, tendo por base os dados obtidos junto aos professores, que os temas mais abordados por eles em sala de aula enfocam a relação dos nutrientes e suas funções e a alimentação balanceada. Os docentes reconhecem, unanimemente, a forte influência exercida pela televisão sobre os hábitos alimentares dos escolares. A implementação de programas de educação nutricional dirigidos aos adolescentes tem importância incontestável, como recurso para incentivá-los à adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis e estilo de vida que favoreçam a qualidade de vida. / Adolescence is understood as an intermediate stage between childhood and adulthood, and is characterized as a period of high growth and development. Adolescents are oftentimes considered as a group exposed to nutritional risk due to their eating habits as well as their lifestyles. The promotion of styles for a healthy life may contribute for the health of children and adolescents, and school life represents a significant space for such an activity. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the nutritional status, food preferences and life style of 578 adolescents, of both genders, registered in the public schools (n= 7) of the city of Piracicaba - SP. Anthropometrical indicators were analyzed (Z-scores of height-for-age - ZAI, and Z-scores for weight-for-age -ZPI), and the distribution of the Body Mass Index - BMI. By applying a questionnaire, information was gathered about the students' eating habits, physical activity and lifestyle. By a specific formulary filled out by a parent or guardian, the social and economic status of the student’s family was identified. Science and physical education teachers (n= 26) of the schools were also interviewed with the purpose of assessing their knowledge on food and nutrition. Tables of contingence were drafted, attached to the chi-square tests and multiple regression analyses performed. The following results were among the main findings: a low percentage (4,0%) of the students showed a ZAI score <- 2, 22,1% of them exhibited BMI &#8804; 85° P (an indication of overweightness). This research effort did not reveal any statistically significant relationship between the family's per-capita income and the student's nutritional status. It was verified that the most consumed daily foods were: rice, dry beans, bread, milk, fruits, juices, margarine, coffee, greens and chocolate. About 70% of the young sujects frequently bought food at the school cafeteria, preferring foods rich in sugar and fat. Using the multiple regression statistics technique, it was possible to notice that at each additional month in the boys’ life there was an additon of 4.33 kcal to his diet, whereas for girls, there was a decrease of 2.14 kcal per month. It was also ascertained that adolescents watch television for an average of 4 hours daily and that 78,6% of the interviewed adolescents practice some kind of sport. Considering the data obtained from the teachers, it was verified that the main subject approached in class was the relationship between nutrients and their functions, and also the concept of a balanced meal. The teachers recognized, collectively, the strong influence from TV on the adolescents' food habits. The implementation of programs for nutritional education addressed to the adolescent should be of unquestionable importance as a means of motivating young citizens to have both healthy foods and lifestyles - thereby upgrading the quality of life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T13:10:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliane Casas.pdf: 1780723 bytes, checksum: 981765aaf3c65f06c377adf5d9653d40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Chronic renal failure patients are exposed to several nutritional issues, including restrictive diet. Adequate nutrition is of vital importance in the treatment of those patients and nutritional education is a very important matter since it can change the patient s behavior and therefore improve their nutritional status, decreasing risks of inadequate diets. Special attention must be directed to electrolytes, proteins, energy and liquid intake. Objectives: To assess the effects of a specific nutritional education program developed for dialytic patients and designed to give information for adequate decisions and contributions to patient s self-care; To assess changes in feeding habits and laboratorial tests that may be induced by the program. Methodology: 27 patients in HD, randomly chosen, who received a course that consisted of classes about: renal failure, HD and nutrition; liquids, dry weight and interdialytic weight gain; electrolytes and proteins. Before and after the course, patients underwent comparative food questionnaires and were evaluated about their nutritional knowledge. Blood levels of albumin, phosphorus, potassium and interdialytic weight gain, body mass index were also compared in the two moments. The course were evaluated through the gain of knowledge and by open questions about the course itself. Results: Patients demonstrated a very low level of comprehension of basic questions about nutrition before the course (24% of correct answers). This comprehension improved after the course (60% of correct answers), but food questionnaires, interdialytic weight gain and laboratorial data were similar in both moments, despite a very good satisfaction evaluation of the course by patients. Conclusions: The educational program induced a gain of knowledge in nutritional aspects for dialysis patients, but did not induce significant changes of the quality/amount of food intake nor in the laboratorial levels. Positive assessment of the program was observed. It s possible that changes in the nutritional aspects and in laboratorial level demand more time of observation / Os pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em programa hemodialitico (HD) estão expostos a múltiplas questões nutricionais, incluindo dieta restritiva. A nutrição desempenha papel vital no tratamento destes pacientes. A Educação Nutricional é um tema de extrema importância para os pacientes em HD, uma vez que pode provocar mudanças comportamentais capazes de melhorar o estado nutricional e diminuir os riscos a que estes pacientes se submetem com dietas inadequadas. Objetivos:. Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de educação nutricional específico desenvolvido para pacientes em hemodiálise, de forma a auxiliar para a adequação das decisões e contribuir para o autocuidado dos pacientes; Avaliar mudanças induzidas pelo conhecimento sobre nutrição, hábitos alimentares e nos exames laboratoriais dos pacientes. Metodologia: Foram estudados 27 pacientes em HD, escolhidos aleatoriamente e que receberam aulas sobre Insuficiência Renal, HD e Nutrição; líquidos, Peso seco e ganho de peso interdialítico; eletrólitos e Proteínas. Antes e após o curso, os pacientes foram submetidos a inquéritos alimentares e a avaliações sobre assuntos relacionados à nutrição, sendo as respostas destes dois momentos comparadas entre si. Os valores antes e após o programa de albumina, fósforo, potássio, ganho de peso interdialitico e índice de massa corporal também foram comparados. O curso foi avaliado através de questionamento aos pacientes sobre suas impressões, percepções e a importância atribuída às aulas. Resultados: os pacientes demonstraram antes do curso baixo nível de conhecimentos sobre aspectos básicos de nutrição (24% de acerto). Houve melhora de compreensão após o curso (60% de acerto), mas os inquéritos alimentares mostraram-se similares nos dois momentos indicando não ter havido alterações na qualidade e quantidade de sua ingestão alimentar. Também não notamos, após o curso, alterações em relação aos exames laboratoriais e ao ganho de peso interdialitico. O questionário voltado para avaliar o grau de satisfação demonstrou elevada satisfação dos pacientes e a importância da reprodução do curso. Conclusões: O curso melhorou o nível de compreensão dos pacientes sobre os aspectos nutricionais, mas não induziu a mudanças significativas no comportamento alimentar e nos exames laboratoriais. Os pacientes demonstraram elevado grau de satisfação com o curso. É possível que alterações nos hábitos alimentares e possíveis alterações laboratoriais demandem maior tempo de observação

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 detregiachi_crp_dr_mar.pdf: 1694892 bytes, checksum: 576ddc9f12f9e271f44540d6c10c8d9a (MD5) / O ambiente escolar é apontado como local privilegiado para o desenvolvimento de programas de educação nutricional que visam à promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis. Entretanto, avaliações dos resultados devem fazer parte desses programas de modo a permitir abordagens criativas e inovadoras. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar o efeito de um programa de educação nutricional dirigido a escolares de 1ª a 4ª séries do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas, na aquisição de conhecimento acerca de alimentação saudável. O trabalho foi realizado em duas escolas públicas - Escolas A e B, nas quais foi desenvolvido um programa de educação nutricional, sendo que na Escola A tal programa foi apoiado e acompanhado por um profissional nutricionista, fato que caracterizou esta escola como grupo intervenção. Antes e após o desenvolvimento do projeto educativo foi aplicado um instrumento para avaliar o conhecimento dos escolares sobre alimentação e nutrição, e também, pais ou responsáveis pelos escolares da Escola A responderam a um questionário informando as preferências e hábitos alimentares do seu(a) filho(a). Após o desenvolvimento do projeto educativo na Escola A, avaliou-se a percepção dos pais ou responsáveis em relação a mudanças nos comentários e atitudes do escolar referentes à alimentação. Os professores responsáveis pelas séries escolares da Escola A responderam a um questionário informando o desenvolvimento do programa em sala de aula. Os escolares da Escola A apresentaram mudança significante (p<0,01) no conhecimento de alimentação e nutrição após o desenvolvimento do projeto educativo, o que não ocorreu entre os escolares da Escola B, exceto entre os da 3ª série que também apresentaram mudança (p<0,05). Os hábitos e preferências alimentares dos escolares da Escola A não tiveram mudança significante após o desenvolvimento do projeto educativo. / The school environment is considered as an appropriate place for the development of nutritional education programs aimed at promoting healthy eating practices. Nevertheless, evaluations of results should be part of these programs in order to allow creative and innovative approaches. Therefore, the present study aims to verify the effect of a nutritional education program intended for students who attend from 1st to 4th levels of elementary teaching in public schools, in relation to the acquisition of knowledge on healthy feeding. The research was performed in two public schools – Schools “A” and “B”, in which there was the development of a nutritional education program; in school “A”, the program was supported and followed by a nutritionist, and this fact characterized this school as an intervention group. The students’ knowledge on feeding and nutrition was evaluated before and after the development of the educational program and parents of (or the ones in charge of) the students in School “A” answered a questionnaire on the students’ preferences and eating habits. After the development of the educative program in School “A”, there was an evaluation of the parents’ perception in relation to changes in the comments and attitudes of the students referring to feeding. The teachers in charge of the groups in School “A” answered a questionnaire informing about the program development inside the classrooms. The students in School “A” presented a significant change (p < 0.01) in the knowledge on feeding and nutrition after the development of the educative project, which did not occur among the students in School “B”, except among the ones of the 3rd level who also presented a change (p < 0.05). The eating habits and preferences of the students in School “A” did not present a significant change after the development of the educative program.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:10:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HELLEN - dissertacao.pdf: 2151323 bytes, checksum: 7614ecffe8ce192450d48fc9d68c87aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-10 / This study was carried out within the research line Culture and Educational Processes, and its object of study was the food and nutritional education of children in municipal primary schools. Its aims were to verify the children s nutritional status and to evaluate their eating habits; to verify the presence of themes such as eating and nutrition in the school curriculum; to analyze the National Curricular Parameters as far as eating and nutrition are concerned, and establish criteria to evaluate textbooks and analyze food and nutritional education supplementary material available for teachers and used in the school. The research was carried out in three schools from Rio Verde-GO, with children from farms, from the outskirts of town and downtown. The eating and nutritional conditions of children between 6 and 10 years old were investigated, as well as eating habits, type of food consumed, acceptance of school food, etc. The choice for these aspects took into account the Brazilian reality presented in several studies, which revealed a tendency to obesity in children of this age, regardless of social class. We also studied how teachers have dealt with the eating and nutrition theme with their students, the available material for this work besides the textbook and its appropriateness and connection to what the National Curricular Parameters establish. The results showed that, according to the WHO (2007) BMI, 1,7% had a low BMI for their age, 67,8% were eutrophic, 19,1% were overweight and 11,4% were obese. 30,5% of the children examined were above adequate weight. A significant number of children have had inadequate eating habits, consuming food such as pastry, pasta, sweets, etc. Regarding the teacher s work they had difficulty in approaching the theme, especially in the first and second grades. Thus, the school staff needs more guidance about correct eating habits, since this theme is only dealt with, in the first and second grades, during the Food Week, while in the third, fourth and fifth grades it is approached during the whole school period. In fact, the theme is the school Food / Esta dissertação, da linha de pesquisa Cultura e Processos Educacionais, teve como objetivos: avaliar o estado nutricional e os hábitos alimentares de escolares de 6 a 10 anos; verificar a presença dos temas alimentação e nutrição no currículo escolar; analisar nos PCNs elementos que condizem ao tema alimentação e nutrição; e analisar o material de apoio à educação alimentar e nutricional disponível para os professores e utilizados na escola. A pesquisa foi realizada em três escolas de Rio Verde-GO, abrangendo crianças provenientes do meio rural, da periferia da cidade e do centro. A investigação girou em torno das condições nutricionais e alimentares das crianças, hábitos alimentares, tipos de alimentos consumidos, aceitação da alimentação escolar, entre outros. Ao optar por esses aspectos levou-se em consideração a realidade brasileira apresentada em diversas pesquisas, que apontam para uma tendência à obesidade de crianças nessa faixa etária, independente da classe social. Investigou-se, ainda, como os professores têm trabalhado junto às crianças a questão alimentar e nutricional, os materiais disponíveis para esse trabalho além do livro didático e a adequação deste último com essa temática e vinculação com o que os PCNs determinam. Com o trabalho obtiveram-se como resultados que: 1,7% com IMC abaixo para a idade, 67,8% eutróficas, 19,1% com sobrepeso e 11,4% com obesidade, portanto, 30,50% das crianças com peso acima do adequado. O inquérito sobre os hábitos alimentares apresentou uma tendência para o consumo de salgadinhos, massas, guloseimas e outros. Os temas alimentação e nutrição são trabalhados durante todo o ano escolar nos 3°, 4° e 5° anos e nos 1° e 2° anos, apenas na semana da alimentação escolar. Os livros didáticos, na sua maioria, apresentam-se adequados quanto ao que é preconizado pelos PCNs. No que tange ao trabalho dos professores, estes informaram dificuldades em abordarem o tema demonstrando necessidade de adquirirem maiores conhecimentos quanto ao assunto. Neste sentido, verifica-se a possibilidade da realização de um trabalho conjunto entre as escolas e a Faculdade de Nutrição.

A adolescência é entendida como um estágio intermediário entre a infância e a idade adulta e caracteriza-se como um período de crescimento físico e desenvolvimento acelerados. Os adolescentes são muitas vezes considerados um grupo exposto ao risco nutricional devido a seus hábitos alimentares e estilo de vida. A promoção de estilos para uma vida saudável pode contribuir para a saúde de crianças e adolescentes, sendo que as unidades de ensino se apresentam como um espaço privilegiado para esse tipo de atividade. Objetivou-se conhecer o estado nutricional, preferências alimentares e estilo de vida de 578 adolescentes, de ambos os gêneros, matriculados em sete escolas públicas da cidade de Piracicaba, estado de São Paulo. Foram analisados os indicadores antropométricos (escore Z de altura para idade – ZAI e escore Z de peso para idade – ZPI) e a distribuição do Índice de Massa Corporal – IMC. Por meio da aplicação de um questionário, foram obtidas, junto aos escolares, informações referentes às práticas alimentares, atividade física e estilo de vida. Adotando-se formulário específico, preenchido pelos pais e/ou responsáveis, foi possível a identificação das condições sócio-econômicas das famílias dos escolares. Professores de ciências e de educação física (n= 26) das escolas foram entrevistados com o objetivo de identificar o grau de conhecimento dos mesmos sobre o tema "alimentação e nutrição". Foram elaboradas tabelas de contingência, acompanhadas dos testes de qui-quadrado e análise de regressão múltipla. Entre os principais resultados, merece destaque a reduzida prevalência (4,0%) de escolares com escore ZAI < &#8722;2. Observou-se 22,1% de escolares com IMC &#8805;85 ° P (indicativo de sobrepeso). Nesta pesquisa não foi possível verificar a associação (estatisticamente significativa) entre as variáveis renda familiar per capita e estado nutricional. Verificou-se que os alimentos mais consumidos diariamente pelos escolares foram: arroz, feijão, pão, leite, frutas, sucos, margarina, café, verduras e achocolatados. Cerca de 70% dos jovens costumavam comprar alimentos na cantina, com predomínio da preferência para alimentos ricos em açúcar e gorduras. Adotando-se a técnica estatística de regressão múltipla, foi possível notar que em cada mês adicional na vida dos meninos há aumento do consumo de 4,33 kcal, enquanto para as meninas o consumo diminui 2,14 kcal por mês. Verificou-se que os adolescentes permanecem, em média, 4 horas assistindo à televisão diariamente e que 78,6% dos entrevistados praticam esportes. Observou-se, tendo por base os dados obtidos junto aos professores, que os temas mais abordados por eles em sala de aula enfocam a relação dos nutrientes e suas funções e a alimentação balanceada. Os docentes reconhecem, unanimemente, a forte influência exercida pela televisão sobre os hábitos alimentares dos escolares. A implementação de programas de educação nutricional dirigidos aos adolescentes tem importância incontestável, como recurso para incentivá-los à adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis e estilo de vida que favoreçam a qualidade de vida. / Adolescence is understood as an intermediate stage between childhood and adulthood, and is characterized as a period of high growth and development. Adolescents are oftentimes considered as a group exposed to nutritional risk due to their eating habits as well as their lifestyles. The promotion of styles for a healthy life may contribute for the health of children and adolescents, and school life represents a significant space for such an activity. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the nutritional status, food preferences and life style of 578 adolescents, of both genders, registered in the public schools (n= 7) of the city of Piracicaba – SP. Anthropometrical indicators were analyzed (Z-scores of height-for-age – ZAI, and Z-scores for weight-for-age –ZPI), and the distribution of the Body Mass Index – BMI. By applying a questionnaire, information was gathered about the students' eating habits, physical activity and lifestyle. By a specific formulary filled out by a parent or guardian, the social and economic status of the student’s family was identified. Science and physical education teachers (n= 26) of the schools were also interviewed with the purpose of assessing their knowledge on food and nutrition. Tables of contingence were drafted, attached to the chi-square tests and multiple regression analyses performed. The following results were among the main findings: a low percentage (4,0%) of the students showed a ZAI score <– 2, 22,1% of them exhibited BMI &#8804; 85° P (an indication of overweightness). This research effort did not reveal any statistically significant relationship between the family's per-capita income and the student's nutritional status. It was verified that the most consumed daily foods were: rice, dry beans, bread, milk, fruits, juices, margarine, coffee, greens and chocolate. About 70% of the young sujects frequently bought food at the school cafeteria, preferring foods rich in sugar and fat. Using the multiple regression statistics technique, it was possible to notice that at each additional month in the boys’ life there was an additon of 4.33 kcal to his diet, whereas for girls, there was a decrease of 2.14 kcal per month. It was also ascertained that adolescents watch television for an average of 4 hours daily and that 78,6% of the interviewed adolescents practice some kind of sport. Considering the data obtained from the teachers, it was verified that the main subject approached in class was the relationship between nutrients and their functions, and also the concept of a balanced meal. The teachers recognized, collectively, the strong influence from TV on the adolescents' food habits. The implementation of programs for nutritional education addressed to the adolescent should be of unquestionable importance as a means of motivating young citizens to have both healthy foods and lifestyles – thereby upgrading the quality of life.

El presente proyecto consiste en analizar la marca Wawa Food y adaptar la información ya existente en su Programa Educativo Nutricional Cocinando como en casa a los nuevos formatos visuales y digitales. El objetivo general se basa en demostrar que el Diseño Gráfico aplicado a través de las áreas de conocimiento Identitaria, Persuasiva y Diseño de Información dirigido a padres y madres de familia, y cuidadores puede contribuir en su conocimiento de una adecuada educación nutricional y alimentaria para prevenir y/o tratar la anemia infantil en menores de tres años. Asimismo, la investigación es de tipo exploratoria y el enfoque empleado es mixto. Respecto a la población esta estuvo conformada por 55 personas donde 47 eran padres de familia con hijos menores de edad y ocho usuarios que deseaban conocer que alimentos podían consumir y combinar para reforzar su sistema inmune. Se aplicó encuestas para descubrir y reunir sus opiniones y comentarios. Ante ello se plantea como solución, la creación de un manual digital con los lineamientos a seguir por la marca Wawa Food para las publicaciones sobre educación nutricional y alimentaria. Esta propuesta se plantea en función a los resultados obtenidos y a la necesidad de informar y educar a los padres, así como permitirle a la marca mantener una unidad gráfica. En conclusión, la respuesta obtenida por parte de los usuarios encuestados fue positiva debido a que el 98,2% considera de su interés la información presente en las piezas realizadas y 90,9% opina que son comprensibles y legibles. / This project consists of analyzing the Wawa Food brand and adapting the information that already exists in its Nutritional Educational Program "Cooking like at home" to the new visual and digital formats. The general objective is based on demonstrating that Graphic Design applied through the areas of knowledge Identity, Persuasive and Information Design aimed at parents and caregivers, can contribute to their knowledge of adequate nutritional and alimentary education to prevent or treat childhood anemia in children under three years of age. Likewise, the research is exploratory and the approach used is mixed. Regarding the population, this was made up of 55 people where 47 were parents with minor children and eight users who wanted to know what foods they could consume and combine to strengthen their immune system. Surveys were applied to discover and gather their opinions and comments. As a solution, the creation of a digital manual with the guidelines to be followed by the Wawa Food brand for publications on nutrition and food education is proposed. This proposal is made based on the results obtained and the need to inform and educate parents, as well as to allow the brand to maintain a graphic unit. In conclusion, the response obtained from the surveyed users was positive, because 98.2% consider the information present in the pieces made to be of interest to them and 90.9% believe that they are understandable and legible. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

La presente investigación consiste en examinar la problemática actual de la anemia infantil en los menores de 3 años debido a la falta de educación nutricional de los padres de familia. El objetivo del estudio realizado consiste en demostrar que el Diseño Gráfico aplicado mediante las áreas de conocimiento Infográfica e Iconoplástica dirigido a padres de familia contribuye en su educación nutricional sobre la anemia infantil en los menores de 3 años del Nido Jardín Angelitos de Jesús. A su vez, tiene como hipótesis El Diseño Gráfico aplicado mediante las áreas de conocimiento Infográfica e Iconoplástica dirigido a padres de familia contribuye en su educación nutricional sobre la anemia infantil en los menores de 3 años del Nido Jardín Angelitos de Jesús. La investigación desarrollada es de tipo exploratoria y experimental puro con dos variables, además tiene un enfoque mixto. La población estuvo conformada por 20 padres de familia del Nido Jardín, y se aplicó la técnica de focus group. Por ello se plantea como solución, la creación de un catálogo didáctico como un medio informativo e instructivo para padres e hijos. Esta se plantea debido a los resultados obtenidos y la necesidad de informar y concientizar a los padres. En conclusión, la respuesta por parte de los padres de familia fue positiva, y a través de los testeos realizados se obtuvo que la educación nutricional sobre la anemia infantil de los padres de familia mejoró un 79% motivo por el cual, se pudo corroborar la hipótesis planteada. / The present investigation consists of examining the current problems of childhood anemia in children under 3 years old due to the lack of nutritional education of parents. The objective of the study is to demonstrate that the Graphic Design applied through the areas of knowledge Infographic and Iconographic aimed at parents, contributes to their nutritional education about childhood anemia in children under 3 years of kindergarten Angelitos de Jesús. At the same time, it has as hypothesis The Graphic Design applied through the areas of knowledge Infographic and Iconoplastic aimed at parents contributes to their nutritional education on childhood anemia in children under 3 years of the kindergarten Angelitos de Jesús. The research developed is pure exploratory and experimental with two variables, also has a mixed approach. The population consisted of 20 parents of the kinder school family, and the focus group technique was applied. Therefore, the creation of a didactic catalog as an informative and instructive means for parents and children is proposed as a solution. This arises due to the results obtained and the need to inform and raise awareness among parents. In conclusion, the response from the parents was positive, and through the tests carried out, it was found that the nutritional education on childhood anemia of the parents improved by 79%, reason why the hypothesis could be corroborated raised. / Trabajo de investigación

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States with a projected increase of 552 million people worldwide who will be affected with this illness by 2030. The need to address this issue is vital to prevent complications and reduce healthcare spending. The DNP project is aimed at planning and designing a nutritional education program tailored toward specific ethnic groups in order to increase knowledge in making healthy food choices. This project is intended to educate Registered Nurses (RNs) on nutrition so that they can offer dietary knowledge to T2DM patients. Additional patients can be reached by educating the RNs rather than patients being limited to consultations with a Certified Diabetes Educator or Registered Dietician. This project focused on whether healthy nutrition tailored toward the individual's own ethnic foods helps to stabilize glycemic values for patients with Type 2 diabetes. A toolkit was utilized to aid with the RNs' learning on healthy nutrition and its impact on the management of blood glucose. It addressed areas such as food groups and calories, grocery shopping, preparation methods, and portion control. The framework for design utilized the basic concepts associated with the systems theory with an intended goal to prevent further complications and improve patients' glycemic value through consuming nutritious foods. The logic model will be used to evaluate the impact of healthy nutrition on blood glucose through pre- and post-program tests of the RNs' nutritional knowledge on healthy eating. The continuation of this program will promote positive social change by helping patients to achieve a healthier lifestyle and reduce healthcare expenditures.

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Cette recherche s’intéresse à la question des représentations que les enfants construisent au sujet de l’alimentation dans une perspective épistémologique constructiviste, ancrée dans les traditions de la communication et de la psychologie sociale. Notre but a été de déterminer si les représentations de l’alimentation chez les enfants pouvaient être comprises en tant que représentations sociales, et si la construction de ces représentations variait selon l’âge et selon l’appartenance socioculturelle des enfants. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé les discours sur l’alimentation des enfants de 7 à 12 ans issus de trois contextes culturels différents. Ainsi, nous avons comparé les représentations de l’alimentation construites par des enfants nés, élevés et éduqués en Roumanie et au Québec, ainsi que celles des enfants nés (ou élevés depuis un très bas âge) au Québec, mais provenant de familles d’immigrants roumains. La méthodologie de recherche a reflété une intégration instrumentale des perspectives issues de la psychologie sociale et de la communication, en étant dérivée de la logique naturelle et des théories sur les représentations sociales. Nos résultats suggèrent que les enfants construisent des représentations sociales de l'alimentation et que ces représentations progressent en complexité, tant du point de vue cognitif que moral, suivant l'âge, en subissant des processus de constructions similaires. De plus, il existerait des influences liées à l'appartenance socioculturelle sur le contenu et sur la complexité des représentations, dans ce sens que les différences et les ressemblances entre les groups socioculturels renvoient soit à des influences culturelles, soit à des influences en lien avec l'idéologie. En fonction des résultats obtenus, nous avons proposé des stratégies communicationnelles visant à accroître l’efficacité des programmes d’éducation à la nutrition. De point de vue théorique, notre recherche contribue au raffinement de la théorie des représentations sociales et du développement de l'enfant, ainsi qu'au développement d’un nouveau regard méthodologique sur cette problématique. / This research focuses on children’s representations of food and nutrition from a constructivist epistemological perspective based on an interdisciplinary approach integrating communication and social psychology. Our goal was to determine which representations of food and nutrition could be understood as social representations, and if children’s age and cultural background interfered with the development of those representations. The subjects were children aged 7 to 12 from three different cultural backgrounds - we compared representations of food and nutrition built by children born, raised and educated in Romania and Quebec, as well as children from families of Romanian immigrants born (or raised from a very young age) in Quebec. The research methodology integrated social psychology and communication perspectives, instrumentally derived from natural logic and theories on social representations. Results suggest that children build social representations of food and nutrition, and that these representations become progressively more complex, undergoing a similar developmental process, according to children’s age, both from a cognitive and moral viewpoint. Moreover, the research highlights that socio-cultural background influences on the representations content and complexity refer either to cultural or ideological influences with regards to the differences and similarities between socio-cultural groups. Furthermore, we proposed scenarios of communication strategies aiming to increase the effectiveness of nutritional education programs. Finally, the research provides contributions to theories of social representations and child development as well as to the development of new methods for the analysis of representations.